The Insane World of Polygon Packings

Подписаться 47 тыс.

Просмотров 55 тыс.

50% 1

Let me show you some surprising things about how squares and other polygons fit into different spaces!
0:00 - Homemade Demonstrations of the Square Packing Problem
7:06 - Digital Images of The Craziest Square Packings
14:24 - Packing Other Types of Polygons
Here are the websites that I used images from:
erich-friedman.github.io/pack...
kingbird.myphotos.cc/packing/...
kingbird.myphotos.cc/packing/...
In the images I included, there are some notes attached (from the original websites). To clarify some terms: they use "s" to describe how many times longer the big square's side-length is compared to the small squares (or equilateral triangles), and use "r" to describe the radius of the larger circle in terms of smaller shapes. Most of the images also clarify whether they have been proven, or if they've just been found (which means they are the current best-known configuration but another weird arrangement could possibly beat them later).
Special thanks to my current supporters on Patreon!
Max, George Carozzi, Chandler Smith, Eric Brodeur, Henry Spencer, Jon Mandarin, Mitch Harding, Tybie Fitzhugh, Joshua S, Julius 420, Peter Offutt, Quinn Moyer, Beugul, Stan Seibert, Dave Brondsema, Florian, Jan Bosenberg, Mathias Ermatinger, terry, William Hawkes, Christopher Masto, Claudio Fanelli, Craig Butz, Harry Cruse, Joost Boesburg, Kali OmegaRogue, Michael Friemann, The Green Way, Mack, cat, Stephen Davies, and Mackenzie Newman!
If you want to get your name on that list and help support this channel (which helps me keep making videos without any brand advertisements) and get some bonus content, check out the Patreon here: / comboclass
Combo Class Discord server: / discord
Subreddit: / comboclass
If you want to try to help with Combo Class in some way, or collaborate in some form, reach out at combouniversity(at)gmail(dot)com
In case anybody searches any of these terms to learn about them, this episode is about some crazy geometry that some may consider cursed (and/or beautiful), related to the most efficient ways to pack certain polygons into shapes, such as square packings, triangle packings, circle packings, cube packings, combinations of those, and more!
This episode was directed/edited/soundtracked by me (Domotro) and was filmed by Carlo Trappenberg.
Disclaimer: Do NOT copy any dangerous-seeming actions you may see in this video, such as any actions related to fire.

Опубликовано:

26 июл 2024

Ссылка:

Скачать:

Готовим ссылку...

Добавить в:

Мой плейлист

Посмотреть позже

Комментарии : 253

@ComboClass 20 дней назад

This episode is about some surprising ways that polygons fit together. I think it's a very fun and interesting underrated topic, so I hope you enjoy! See below for timestamps of the video’s three parts, and see the video description for more info. 0:00 - Homemade Demonstrations of the Square Packing Problem 7:06 - Digital Images of The Craziest Square Packings 14:24 - Packing Other Types of Polygons

@Bibibosh 20 дней назад

who is walter trump?

@adamredwine774 20 дней назад

Maybe underrated by the general public but it’s super important in the study of crystals and physical chemistry.

@davidbrinnen 19 дней назад

After years of UV mapping, I have had to learn to intuit the best selection of polygons and connected polygons to pack into the 1x1 UV space, with the aid of packing software. My natural tendency for the packing to be geometrically "tidy" is often offended by some of the more space efficient solutions the software offers after iterative packing.

@dyllanusher1379 17 дней назад

I am hoping that in ur next video you can repeat "combo class" 17 times at once so that I can remember your God damn channel name because this is gold and ive tried recommending it to friends several times and have forgotten the name.

@craiggersify 20 дней назад

Building a time machine to torture Pythagoras with pictures of cursed minimal square packings

@lukahutinski9075 20 дней назад

worse than beans!

@Rando2101 20 дней назад

pictures of irrational lengths of lines

@williamcompitello2302 19 дней назад

"That doesn't count!"

@element1192 19 дней назад

All you'd need is the theory of transcendental numbers to drive him crazy lol

@palmberry5576 19 дней назад

@@Rando2101lmao, my first though when I saw op’s comment was, “huh, idk how py guy would feel about irrational numbers”

@Ganerrr 19 дней назад

non-ideal packing of 17 squares: cuddling someone ideal packing of 17 squares: wearing someone's skin

@solveforx314 20 дней назад

optimal packing of 17 squares my beloved

$@fractai.$

@fractai. 20 дней назад

This channel gives me that funny learning feeling whenever I watch a video and i don't know what it is. Definitely one of the most unique places on RU-vid.

@JBiton 19 дней назад

The funny feeling of watching an educational video from 10 years ago

@joshuasims5421 20 дней назад

This topic perfectly captures the chaotic energy of this channel. Also, I nominate 10 & 27 triangles in a triangle as the best looking of all of these. Almost makes up for the horror of 50 squares in a square.

@NickiRusin 20 дней назад

when Jerma peeps the horror that's what it looks like

@eyesicecold 20 дней назад

I haven’t watched to that part yet, but I think 29, 17 and 11 are worse Edit: *oh my god!* What’s wrong with 50? Did you mean 51 or 55?

@joshuasims5421 20 дней назад

51 and 55 are messier objectively, but 50 feels like a betrayal of some sort. It’s double one square and half of another, and an important number in our base 10 world. It just feels like 50 should have had a strange but elegant packing, like 5 does. (That’s what I meant, anyhow.)

@eyesicecold 20 дней назад

@@joshuasims5421 ok

@CFGalt 11 дней назад

Timestamp in case anyone’s curious -> 13:35

@TorgieMadison 20 дней назад

5:05 The value pi is for circle-y things, and root-2 is the value for square-y things. That's such a great way to put it!

@bensmith3890 18 дней назад

Pi is also a clue in the formulas for things. If you see pi, you know that whatever you're doing must be related to circles somehow.

@RepChris 17 дней назад

@@bensmith3890 The only question is how far hidden the circle is. Sometimes it is hidden within hidden³

@lucyinchat 20 дней назад

Every time I watch these videos I can’t help but think this is the chaotic energy that math just naturally has and ComboClass is just capturing it.

@elitettelbach4247 20 дней назад

I'd recently seen the optimal way to fit 17 squares inside a larger square and was like "huh, I'd never really thought about it before but that looks strange and interesting." Perfect timing for this video! I love your delivery of everything and the practical examples at the beginning were very helpful.

@versacebroccoli7238 20 дней назад

I love this channel. The absolute chaos of your intros is fire.

@chiaracoetzee 20 дней назад

I mean, literally.

@jkid1134 17 дней назад

The absolute chaos of fire is your intro, really.

@estherstreet4582 20 дней назад

Some parts of maths are inherently beautiful and elegant. Polygon packings shows that maths can also be the opposite.

@tonydai782 18 дней назад

Math need not fit the very human perception of beauty. We find patterns beautiful because evolutionarily, pattern recognition helped us survive. Polygon packing just happens to fall outside the patterns that we are able to comprehend, and thus it appears “cursed”.

@LiamLimeLarm 20 дней назад

ive never seen this math channel before and opening it to see your backyard was on fire was certaintly something i wasnt expecting

@ConManAU 20 дней назад

Stick around for long enough and you’ll get so used to it you’ll barely notice.

@rooster5572 20 дней назад

So beautiful, as an engineer in the industrial field I can say this subjet definitely has real world applications and I've worked it in very non mathematical ways unfortunately

@geekjokes8458 20 дней назад

"get in!!! get IIIIIINNN!! jusT FUCKING GET IN! FUCKING SQUARE SON A FUUUUUCK!"

@adamredwine774 20 дней назад

For anyone interested in playing with this idea for kids, a good way is to use four of those big fat zip ties to make an adjustable square and then pack die or square legos or something in them.

@smoceany9478 20 дней назад

ive actually recently gotten interested in the maths of optimal shape packing, glad you made this

@smoceany9478 20 дней назад

packomania has circles in squares to 1000

@jamesyoungquist6923 20 дней назад

Why did you actually recently get interested in shape packing?

@smoceany9478 20 дней назад

@@jamesyoungquist6923 cause its a really interesting subset of math that we know shockingly little about

@chiaracoetzee 20 дней назад

I think one way I try to get insight into why these packings are so weird is to imagine that you put a bunch of dice in a square dish and just shook it until they all landed flat in the same layer. Most of the time you would not get a regular arrangement of any sort, but rather they would get stuck in sort of random places. If the dish is large enough, you could move them around and rearrange them into a more regular arrangement, but if it's small, they're just going to be stuck like that. I realize I am talking about a local minimum here rather than a global minimum, but it gives some idea at least.

@Ashebrethafe 20 дней назад

That suggests another question: How large does the dish need to be to guarantee that, after shaking it, you can rearrange the dice to make room for one more? I also noticed that the packings shown for 5, 11, and 40 squares were labeled as “rigid”, meaning that they have no wiggle room at all; and I’m guessing that the lock emoji indicates packings that have been proven to be optimal - I saw that other packings said “proved” instead of “found”, but maybe the ones with the lock were found by one person and proved by another.

@masapallo 19 дней назад

@@Ashebrethafe The lock emoji was always inside the side length: S = lock = approximation. I read it as the exact size being unknown (since in the neater solutions there'd be a nice little expression with some square root in it at the same place).

@bensmith3890 18 дней назад

@@AshebrethafeIntuitively, I'll say S+10% for "sorting room" since that's what disk defragmentation programs usually needed.

@ExzaktVid 20 дней назад

Erich Friedman practically made this video on his own.

@rujon288 20 дней назад

My goat 🐐

@aknopf8173 20 дней назад

He was only beaten by Mr. Trivial. He always found the neatest packings!

@ComboClass 18 дней назад

Erich Friedman is awesome and compiled the original images, but he didn't discover them originally, and he also didn't create the higher-def images of the squares (all those different types of people are credited in this video). And compiling good data is a different thing than making an explanatory video about that data.

@ExzaktVid 18 дней назад

@@ComboClass so did he ‘invent’ the packings or just compile them into a list? And I wasn’t saying that finding packing is like creating a video, I was just making a joke because so many of the ones mentioned here have him credited for it.

@bestintheband5114 20 дней назад

Babe wake up new combo class video dropped!!!

@bestintheband5114 20 дней назад

Babe wake up again he loved my comment!!!

@SongSeeker7 20 дней назад

This gives me some ideas about writing a computer program to shake a number a smaller squares inside a bigger square as it tries to shrink the container.

@satibel 20 дней назад

the issue is local minimas, you can't be sure it's the smallest one.

@xusv-hi4kl 19 дней назад

⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@@satibelI imagine you could just run the program for many iterations until you settle upon a very small container size. Of course, you wouldn’t be sure that said size is the smallest, but it may still tell you something.

@Bingcenzo 20 дней назад

4:41 - 5:18 continuous footage, steady hands. Bravo.

@RAINBOWEXPLOSIO 20 дней назад

These videos are the best, I'm commenting for the algorithm.

@jamesyoungquist6923 20 дней назад

Comments are the carrots rewarding creative content. Keep 'em coming

@DurianFruit 19 дней назад

good idea. also gonna comment for the algorithm

@justsomeguy5628 20 дней назад

I have been waiting so long for someone to make a video about this!

@iamdigory 20 дней назад

Oh I got an idea, we could try to fit fractional squares inside a bigger square, it could be interesting to watch it go from one solution to another as the size of one square grows

@crypt8919 19 дней назад

Domotro's videos are the most fun videos out there: nature, numbers, animals, fruits, and fires. They are consistently great. I share them with my tutees.🍏🐦🔥

@ProSocialEntertainment 20 дней назад

Finally, a real fucking uv packing tutorial.

@miroslavzderic3192 19 дней назад

lol this is how Minecraft textures are packed

@davidbrinnen 19 дней назад

Aye, the hours and hours I've spent with UV layout packing rotating, repacking - going back to slice up some quads to see if it can get up over 80% space utilisation. I'll settle for 70% if it seems like it is taking too long to solve, but real happiness is 96% plus pack.

@ralphlee781 2 дня назад

I was so confused after seeing that image of optional packing of 17 squares thinking there had to be some other way, or that since there was space between some of the squares it was wasting space. Now I understand that it was focused mostly on the side length of the greater square. Great video amazing explanation!

@publiconions6313 20 дней назад

Excellent video sir!! Its always a treat when one of these pops up. Thank you Domotro and Carlo!

@dominichill8037 19 дней назад

This is the most enthusiastic explanation of geometry I’ve ever had.

@huleboermannhule44 20 дней назад

I recently came over this topic and it was nic to see a video about it. I must however say that the presentation style is very different from other maths channels, and you burning things in your backyard was not expected.

@Kwauhn. 20 дней назад

I ❤ Domotro. One of my favorite creators, and probably my top math youtuber right now. You always go above and beyond what other math communicators do. You're in the same league as 3B1B IMO.

@Manabender 20 дней назад

4:41 I was surprised to see you didn't derive this value (the 5-square packing that fits in 2+root2/2). I paused and derived it myself just before this. Logic followed: The diagonal of the big square includes, colinearly and one immediately after another, in this order: A diagonal of a small square, a line parallel to the side of a small square, and a diagonal of another small square. The diagonals are root2. The parallel is 1. Thus, the large square's diagonal is 2*root2+1. The large square's side is therefore (2*root2+1)/(root2). This simplifies to 2+root2/2

@RollcageTV 20 дней назад

This video oddly reminds me of the "moving sofa problem". I think that might make a good video topic. It doesn't look like it's been covered on this channel. What do you think?

@AntimatterBeam8954 12 дней назад

I have such a habit of trying to see patterns in everything, this is definitely something to explore

@ND62511 20 дней назад

I find it so interesting that a lot of the non-square number packings have a lot of numbers with very similar patterns. Makes me wonder what the process used to generate them are

@brandontrevor2306 20 дней назад

interesting topics and i love the informality of it. good channel

@aze4308 20 дней назад

The Preposterous Planet of Perfect Polygonal Packings

@AlexBaklanov 20 дней назад

I imagine how we can fit infinite amount of squares into a cube, right? So my question is. Can we also pack an infinite amount of cubes into a hypercube?

@AlphaFX-kv4ud 20 дней назад

Yes

@khajiithaswares4147 3 дня назад

I have learned some geometry by my watching of this video, but also i have unlearned several classes of english lessons in the process.

@tierfreund780 20 дней назад

as a 3d artist these are the questions that keep me up at night

@henrysaid9470 20 дней назад

I saw a video about this before but I dont remember the RU-vidr but this went more into depth Edit: nvm it is square packing by Andy Math

@vilvd3934 20 дней назад

Reminds me of uv unwraping of 3d surfaces. This video is so lit man

@stickmandaninacan 20 дней назад

I'd be really interested to learn the process of how people come up with these, and what mathematical methods you can use to try and maximize the best result possible

@ExzaktVid 20 дней назад

Ive noticed that there are a lot of patterns in the sqaure packings, slightly over a square number has one square in each opposite corner, a diagonal string of squares between that, then just staicases in the other two corners.

@dinofx35 18 дней назад

Spouse: What did you do at work today? You: I discovered a new way to pack 272 squares into a larger square

@geekjokes8458 20 дней назад

im surprised numberphile doesn't have a video on this yet

@Rockyzach88 20 дней назад

For some reason I always forget the name of your youtube channel when I want to share one of your videos.

@samueldeandrade8535 20 дней назад

Crazy Chaos, Combo Class, Coming Up, Open your mind. Hahahahahaha.

@pennywerner9192 20 дней назад

You can always search Domotro. There’s only one.

@fire17102 19 дней назад

Would love it if you tackle 3d packing next ❤ this class is 🔥

@personperson278 20 дней назад

An interesting note on this topic - we know the general optimal packing for spheres only in dimensions 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 24.

@soninhodev7851 20 дней назад

Awesome video like always, i have never considered this problem, its fascinating! i always liked the problem about how to tile a plane with more than one shape, like with octagons and squares. if memory serves, you already made a video about a similar topic, didnt you?

@ComboClass 20 дней назад

I made a video on this channel before about a new discovery in tessellating irregular shapes (the "aperiodic monotile") which is different but related :)

@TheStormingmonkey 20 дней назад

this is the most bonkers channel i've ever seen. I love it

@X3MgamePlays 19 дней назад

With higher dimensional fitting. Things get really weird with a certain ammount of dimensions for spheres and boxes. This is an awesome video. I am missing the pentagons though. Wasn't something weirder going on with them? Or was it another figure?

@jacobbaer785 18 дней назад

Because i want to, the square pattern in notation: For any number of squares "n" where s² > n > s²-s, the optimal packing square will have side length equal to s. Only numbers that fall outside these bounds can be optimized.

@josephbrisendine2422 20 дней назад

Love it, have a free engagement boost!

@Very.Crazy.Math.Pistols 15 дней назад

Good evening, very interesting ! Now I wouldn't be surprised if upon entering a mathematician's house I found his living room tiled in one of those ways 😅.

@element1192 19 дней назад

"sacred geometry" fans when Fritz Göbel and Erich Friedman show up with the cursed geometry

@trentcard 19 дней назад

YES YES YES YES YES IVE BEEN WAITING FOR SOMEONE TO MAKE A VIDEO ON THIS TOPIC

@maynardtrendle820 20 дней назад

I think that the word 'ridonculous' might be the appropriate mathematical term here. Also...'schlopp-tastic'.🗿

@NickiRusin 20 дней назад

Triangle in circle good, square in square bad, got it

@fettisaurier8030 20 дней назад

username checks out

@fettisaurier8030 20 дней назад

picture*

@GhostZeroGZ 20 дней назад

This is amazing

@mmfpv4411 20 дней назад

This is a great video. You find great topics to discuss. Found myself curious to hear more about how mathematicians come up with these patterns. Like practically speaking, what are the mathematical techniques used for optimizing packing configurations?

@iispacedustii 20 дней назад

yooo this is fire! literally!!!

@dinnertonightdinner7923 20 дней назад

very cursed, but that's what we're all here for

@thethug2169 19 дней назад

perfect chaotic topic for a chaotic channel

@eliasross4576 20 дней назад

I was looking up ways to pack cylinders inside a larger container. There’s a lot of web sites for calculating this. Circle packing it is called. There’s circle packing into squares as well as squares into a circle.

@balrg День назад

Thought this guy was my secret underground math youtuber Turns out his "second channel" is over 4x the amount of subs 😂

@ShadowKestrel 20 дней назад

now i want to use my computer to find optimal regular pentagon packings

@TiagoTiagoT 19 дней назад

For any squared multiples of already found ideal packings of squares, would tiling the smaller patterns be guaranteed to produce the ideal packing for those numbers? Or the extra amount sometimes/always adds enough freedom that a tighter packing can be found? And similarly, can infinite ideal packings be generated from already found ideal packings by fractally replicating the ideal packings inside each square piece, or does it have that issue of additional freedom from greater number of squares? edit: Ok, at least the fractal idea seems busted, at least as a general rule; tried 25, and the holes allowed for a tighter packing than just doing the fractal replacement; and while I haven't ran the numbers, eyeballing it, it looks like it doesn't fit tighter than just plain 5x5 stacking even with the squeeze.

@manuelsuarez7521 20 дней назад

amazing!

@kurtu5 18 дней назад

I am reminded of Eric Weinstein's recent steel manning of Terrence Howard's attempts to tesselate R3, and that there are gaps in the tilings that need a 'Pythagorean comma' in it. I always knew of imperfect tessellations, and only recently learned of this comma notion that arose in music.

@gamingwithspeedy858 20 дней назад

Very cool

@RafaelAcurcio 20 дней назад

What a happy accident was finding this RU-vid channel!!

@axelkeithgranath 19 дней назад

9:00 Ptsd-ed into old days trying to find optimal ways to fit squared in circle and vice versa! Me dead need sleep now. thx

@lumipakkanen3510 20 дней назад

You may not like it, but this is what peak packing looks like.

@hughwilliamson2190 18 дней назад

The 272 square example is interesting. Seems to be the first time that n(n-1) squares require a side-length less than ns.

@gideonroberts885 17 дней назад

The fire made me chortle

@MattHudsonAtx 20 дней назад

babe, wake up, combo class just dropped a new video

@MattHudsonAtx 20 дней назад

the intro is fire

@tamnker8465 18 дней назад

I wonder if you could outsource this to the public by making it a game and offering rewards to anyone who finds better packings. It wouldn’t be likely to work, but with enough trials you could maybe get some valuable data.

@Untoldanimations 20 дней назад

im publishing my first paper and it's about soft sphere packing :) i attribute my interest to results like these ones

@VocalMabiMaple 20 дней назад

I love 39 squares minimally packed. Something about it just calls out to me At 13:20. It is just so randomly thrown together that it ends up whimsically efficient.

@ronaldc8634 20 дней назад

Thank you

@DigitalJedi 20 дней назад

I would love to see the cube packing be expanded to tetrahedrons as well, being the 3D version of the triangle and all.

@TheRealFOSFOR 20 дней назад

Improving the audio on these videos would probably make them even better.

@XDarkxSteel 20 дней назад

Been having dreams about that one everyone's been talking about lately after getting a package handler job lol

@MandrakeFernflower 17 дней назад

This is explosionsandfire's DMT addicted brother

@king_james_official 7 дней назад

lmao

@markm1514 20 дней назад

Coming to an Amazon warehouse near you...

@qbasic16 20 дней назад

Mind = packed 🔥

@memzdotexe4127 20 дней назад

insane video

@LakeGameCreepr 20 дней назад

optimal packing of 9 squares inside of a square

@Pyroteknikid 18 дней назад

And this is why rectangular boxes were invented.

@Paul-hn8en 7 дней назад

The ups guys are secretly genius geometry mathmagicians the whoel time😮

@KingJAB_ 17 дней назад

I think this is the first time I’ve seen a computer visualization on combo class

@cjrm15macpherson20 17 дней назад

6:43 instead of using paper you could use square tiles made of plastic or wood

@king_james_official 7 дней назад

great ideas, here are my suggestions: asbestos tile, lasagna, tiles made from worms, toilet paper square, wall mounted switch (momentary), modern square clothes hanger, bed frame for midgets, ground beef square

@owensthethird 18 дней назад

I'd be interested to know the "energy" required to transition from one solution to another, if you introduce some thermal jiggling

@samueldeandrade8535 20 дней назад

Domotro is carrying Math RU-vid on his shoulders! Hahahahaha. Great video, Prince of Chaos. Great video.

@moth.monster 20 дней назад

I designed a 3D printed puzzle version of the 17-square packing. It is deeply unsatisfying to solve, and I love it for that.

@Romashka_Sov 17 дней назад

Those squares just look like someone threw a bunch of boxes on top of each other, then measured it and noticed they consume a smaller volume than if the person put them in accurately

@johnnyc2764 15 дней назад

Extremely cursed, love it

@arcuscotangens 19 дней назад

I hope the guys at the Amazon warehouse are paying attention.

@tamnker8465 18 дней назад

16:27 Crystal structures!

@nickwilliams2745 18 дней назад

I’d be really interested in seeing how closely the densest packing of spheres (and spheres of multiple set sizes) in cubes connected to crystalline lattice cells On the surface it seems like they’re trying to accomplish the same thing