The Leningrad Codex: Unveiling the Oldest Complete Hebrew Bible / Dr. Kim Phillips

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The Leningrad Codex: Unveiling the Oldest Complete Hebrew Bible
Dive deep into the rich history of the Leningrad Codex. This magnificent book is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible in existence, written in Cairo in 1008 AD.
Follow Dr. Kim Phillips of the University of Cambridge and Alex as they delve into the fascinating history of the Leningrad Codex and of the Masoretic enterprise.
The Leningrad Codex, says Dr. Philips, is the pinnacle of a centuries-long enterprise, of a national effort to meticulously preserve the ancient texts of the Hebrew Bible, and of a personal body of work of a great master Samuel Ben Jacob.
Samuel Ben Jacob was, according to Dr. Phillips the “latest and the greatest” of The Masoretes - generations of scribes devoted to preserving and transferring the most orderly, accurate, unified and dignified version of the ancient Hebrew texts known today as the Hebrew Bible.
Indeed, The Leningrad Codex shines from above also due to its breathtaking artwork, a masterpiece of calligraphy.
The session meticulously examines the Codex's inception, its critical import in the realm of biblical texts, and the rigorous efforts of the Masoretes in its transcription. The discourse explores the Codex's substantial role in safeguarding the consistency and accuracy of the Hebrew text, as well as its relation to the findings from the Cairo Geniza, thereby illuminating its scholarly significance and its enduring legacy within Jewish tradition.
Featured Expert Dr. Kim Phillips, a distinguished academic specializing in the history and preservation of the Hebrew Bible. Dr Phillips is currently a Research Associate at the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Research Unit, working principally on the Bible fragments and other Masoretic materials from the Genizah. Dr. Phillips holds an M.A. (1st class) from the University of Cambridge in Mathematics and Hebrew Studies, a PGDip. (Distinction) in Theology from the University of Wales, an M.Phil. (Distinction) in Old Testament Studies from the University of Cambridge, and a Ph.D. in Hebrew Bible from the University of Cambridge.
In This Video:
● [0:00] Introduction to the Leningrad Codex and its unparalleled value.
● [5:22] Insights into the Masoretic Text and the scribes’ contribution to its preservation.
● [12:10] The role of the Dead Sea Scrolls in contextualizing the Leningrad Codex.
● [18:34] Detailed examination of the Codex's features and its scholarly impact.
● [25:10] Discussion on the Cairo Geniza and its revelations about biblical manuscripts.
Music credit: Shlomi Kaynan skaynan@gmail.com
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#LeningradCodex #HebrewBible #MasoreticText #BiblicalManuscripts #JewishHeritage #BiblicalHistory

Опубликовано:

24 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 91

@VSP4591 8 месяцев назад

Excelent video. It shows a humanist face of history of the Bible.

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

Thank you, much appropriated 🙏

@funhistory 8 месяцев назад

Excellent choice for a 3-letter root with variable pronunciations/meanings (MLK) at 10:03. 👑

@jimpalmer2981 8 месяцев назад

Absolutely fascinating. What a treat this video is. Thank you for conducting the interview and posting it!

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

Glad you enjoyed it, thank you 🙏

@beagleman123456789 4 месяца назад

@@KEDEMChannelAre you Jewish ✡️?

@Maclabhruinn 8 месяцев назад

Thank you Alex, great to see a new video on the Kedem channel. Your discussion here with Dr Phillips is absolutely fascinating for all scholars of ancient texts!!

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

Great to hear, thank you!

@Warrenbank1 8 месяцев назад

I was privileged to attend a lecture by Dr Kim Phillips a few years ago on this topic -he is an excellent speaker and top class academic. Thank you for presenting the material in such a clear and digestible format.

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

Wonderful, thanks for watching 🙏

@Alabama-bo8eo 8 месяцев назад

How exciting! Can’t wait!

@kenwebster5053 8 месяцев назад

You realise that the Christian Old Testament was translated from old representative copies of the Tanakh at the time. Not all Tanakhs were the same, though similar. However, they have continued to be edited to deliberately not agree with the Christian Old Testament. So, you have to be careful about making comparisons with later Tanakhs. The Leningrad Codex was made in Cairo in AD 1008 (or possibly 1009). Biblical scholars agree that the first five books of the Hebrew Bible were translated from Biblical Hebrew into Koine Greek by Jews living in the Ptolemaic Kingdom, probably in the early or middle part of the third century BCE.[8] The remaining books were presumably translated in the 2nd century BCE So, the Septuagint predates the Leningrad Codex by some 1200 years & doesn't have the anti-Christian agenda.

@iandomino 5 дней назад

I'm a Bible nerd and I'm just starting to get deep into the scriptures. I find this video very very helpful. God bless you !!

@KEDEMChannel 2 дня назад

Glad it was helpful! Thank you 🙏

@pammartinez6962 3 месяца назад

This video is one of my favorites and I go back to watch over again. It helps me as a one of the faith and as a seminary student. So assuring of preserved Words! Shalom!

@briandillon8041 8 месяцев назад

This is fantastic and full of useful information for this serious scholar. It’s very well done also

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

Thank you so much!

@pammartinez6962 5 месяцев назад

Thank you to Kedem. Your channel is one of few whose learnings I trust from out of the sea of videos in You Tube. May our God be the center and He be with you in this endeavor of light! Shalom! This video is one of my favorites. Thanks to Dr. Kim Phillips.

@KEDEMChannel 5 месяцев назад

So nice of you, thanks!

@ian_b5518 5 месяцев назад

Excellent production on this one Alex. Really enjoyed it.

@KEDEMChannel 5 месяцев назад

Thanks for kind words

@lebenitj 8 месяцев назад

תודה

@tomreeves175 8 месяцев назад

Todah thanks

@helenamcginty4920 4 месяца назад

The accuracy is stunning. Considering Chaucer and Shakespeare and their contempories in England couldnt even manage to spell their own names the same way each time.

@roshelsionov2906 8 месяцев назад

Great Work, Alex ! Roshel

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

Thank you!

@danielpincus221 8 месяцев назад

Beautiful description of how humans superintended the transmission of the TANAKH. Somewhere in the Talmud, it is said that Moses brought scrolls that he had received up with him on Mt. Sinai..

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

Thank you, glad you enjoyed it 😊 It is actually written already in the Mishna (Sanhedrin 10:1).

@PrometheanRising 8 месяцев назад

What scrolls are these meant to be?

@Sportliveonline 8 месяцев назад

just mind blowing

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

Yep

@Mike-sv2nu 8 месяцев назад

If the tradition were correct then Christ wouldn't have needed to put in an appearance to put us back on the main track. The Masoreets made a mistake in inserting the vowels, it fixed one interpretation, rather than forcing the reader to really think about what the text really meant.

@peterellinger5532 8 месяцев назад

Good. Need mention about history of the גניזה. Perhaps mention that in Dead Sea Scrolls no complete Bible manuscript. Mention 90 CE Jayne sinod. Enjoyed! Any materials on Job?

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

Correct. Thank you 🙏 We have a video about the Genizah: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-3VkiYSVl48c.htmlsi=r1GjJr0qaglpWh-K No specific plans currently about Job, request noted 😊

@linavidal2279 2 месяца назад

Dr. Philips, what is the correct andbtrue name of our Creator and Saviour based on Leningrad’s Codex ? I am so confused , hope you can help . Thank you. Please reply.

@Dizerner 2 месяца назад

Look up Michael Brown, Can We Know the Name of God?

@differous01 8 месяцев назад

According to Vatican textual analysts, the author of the Dead Sea's Isaiah Scroll preserved the different letter formation of two source documents (one thought to be Sadducee, the other Essene). Has the LC Isaiah been analysed this way?

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

In summary, the answer is no. The LC was written significantly later than the Dead Sea Isaiah Scrolls (of which there are more than one). By that time, the cults referred to, had already ceased to exist. The hypothesis you mentioned is questionable and there are many scholars holding different opinions.

@differous01 8 месяцев назад

@@KEDEMChannel All four of the sects are represented in the Dead Sea collection: if they were regarded as "cults" (in the pejorative sense) it seems unlikely anyone would preserve them together.

@hectorhernandez215 8 месяцев назад

Variants are insignificant..no doctrine is touched......

@hectorhernandez215 8 месяцев назад

Knowing Rome two only manuscripts(vaticanus and sinaiticus) with alexandrian writings are full of corrections and problems, I won't be sure about Rome expertise and good intentions.....

@differous01 8 месяцев назад

@@hectorhernandez215 As Zadok anointed Solomon so only an Heir of Zadok could declare "this is Cyrus my anointed" [Is45v1] The preservation of the variant letter formations reinforces what was already understood: Essenes and Sadducee worked together to create doctrine they (and generations to come) could agree on.

@dalegoulden2919 7 месяцев назад

Believe it or not, women going to the restroom together is a thing. It provides opportunity to talk privately about thoughts/ concerns and, of course, to check your makeup. It also has to do with safety.

@josephverri618 День назад

Why is the Masoretic text the only text that reduces the ages of Noas sons by one hundred years each. The Septuigent, the Pentituch and Josephus all give each son of Noah one hundred more years. Some Jewish tradition say that Shem was Malkesidec by using the reduced number of years. Malkesidec has no parents, year of birth or death and is mentioned in every Catholic Mass.

@faturechi 8 месяцев назад

Funny enough, you misspelled Dr. Phillips's name in the title.

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

Indeed, thank you

@dannylo5875 8 месяцев назад

Just see how many extra books or surprises are there on its pages...many books have been taken out... many prophets are mentioned and their accounts but with no books.

@michaelfalsia6062 8 месяцев назад

God has indeed preserved His word. One of the reasons why God preserved the children of Abraham in order that mankind would have a revelation of the one true God culminating in the person of the Lord Jesus the Messiah and the Christ for both Jews and all the nations. John 1:1-18.

@fernbracken 8 месяцев назад

the oldest bibles are the assyrian and the chaldean very different to todays bibles

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

The Leningrad codex is the oldest complete Hebrew Bible found to date. This is a simple fact.

@hectorhernandez215 8 месяцев назад

Pagan bibles?...chaldean and assiryan bibles...

@William_Fields 8 месяцев назад

Moloch, a Canaanite god? I thought the consensus among most scholars is that moloch is the name of a ritual practice?

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

There is still a debate around it and I am not sure about the strength of the consensus. Furthermore, In one case in the OT מֹלֶךְ is mentioned explicitly as the God of the Ammonites (mostly known as מִלְכֹּם)

@nocbobby 8 месяцев назад

Furthermore . . Genesis 11:11-23 there is a difference of years regarding the seven born after Shem between the Septuagint and the Masoretic text . . . . The Masoretic text has 650 years less than the Septuagint . . . It is said that this was changed by the rabbis to show that Abraham knew Shem . . who they claim to be Melchizedek . . . making him a mortal man . . disagreeing with NT letter to Hebrews ; as you say . . The Septuagint was written much earlier than the Masoretic text

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

Manuscripts that are very similar to the Masoretic text were found in Qumran, as well as manuscripts that are very similar to the Septuagint were found. It proves that Both versions (and some others like the Samaria version) actually coexisted during no later than the 1st century AC. In general, it is (in my opinion) better not to assume linearity when speaking about the subject, it was probably a complex network of texts that were cross-referenced and sometimes even coexisted as I mentioned above.

@eveningprimrose3088 8 месяцев назад

All the NT writers in their quotations of OT scriptures used the Septuagint-type texts, including Paul, Hebrew of Hebrews, who personally owned scrolls and parchments (2 Timothy 4:13) and had studied under Gamaliel.

@nocbobby 8 месяцев назад

@@KEDEMChannel One text states Abraham knew shem. According to the births as listed. , the other one says not so . . So you have to believe one or the other

@hectorhernandez215 8 месяцев назад

@@eveningprimrose3088not necessarily...Jesus spoke to Paul in Hebrew and also Paul spoke to his Hebrew people in that language...no need for a corrupt and error filled Septuagint....

@eveningprimrose3088 8 месяцев назад

@hectorhernandez215 it doesn't matter what languages they spoke, they still could have used the Septuagint. Have you read the NT quotations of the OT scriptures? They are from the Septuagint. One cannot dispute that plain fact.

@PrometheanRising 8 месяцев назад

This was far and away rhe most frustrating Kedem video that I have watched. Too many conclusions and not enough exposition. I had so many questions about what was being said.

@juankeith7597 7 месяцев назад

'promo sm'

@Ozgipsy 8 месяцев назад

Ha, how Russian is the interviewer! 😂

@KEDEMChannel 8 месяцев назад

😂

@cyb-m 5 месяцев назад

the indian civilization is 10times older than judaic culture.

@KEDEMChannel 5 месяцев назад

The Indian civilization is fascinating!

@fernbracken 8 месяцев назад

the oldest bible fragments are still the chaldean and then the assyrian the old testament should not be stuck on the front of the christian bible as it is a different god the gospel of barnabus states this clearly The only folk who could understand and write hebrew were the jews, they changee several early writings to suit them semves these innacuracies were found much later by Prof Elaine Pagels

@lilianavois4391 8 месяцев назад

But of course. How else would have been the christian "new testament" found valid and accurate if not by vilifying the jews and their writings. Because 2.500 years ago they had Tik-Tok..and Watsup and they all changed the writings willingly only to deceive the nations; because they knew that after millennia the nations will have an interest for their belifs and religion..

@hectorhernandez215 8 месяцев назад

Gnostic gospel of Barnabus is fake gospel.

@wadedavies3924 8 месяцев назад

If only the Soviets had disclosed all of the sordid details contained in the Kabbalah. I suppose the same plea could be made of the Vatican.

@user-bl2lu2nx2u 6 месяцев назад

Sordid? 😂😂

@wadedavies3924 6 месяцев назад

@@user-bl2lu2nx2u sordid. Time will expose the truth in spite of the efforts to conceal the teachings. One could make a fair estimate of their value by the behavior of its adherents, including secret societies.

@rampartranger7749 7 месяцев назад

How curious that the oldest Copy of the Bible whose name is linked to the enemy of the Bible and its peoples, “Lenin”-grad.😆

@geoffreybslater1146 8 месяцев назад

The Torah was written by Moses. No need to question. It was all completed before the birth of Christ.

@PrometheanRising 8 месяцев назад

Moses who died before the end of the Torah wrote the Torah? Very humble Moses? That guy?

@busterbiloxi3833 8 месяцев назад

It was not and you are insane.

@mathiasniemeier4359 8 месяцев назад

If you read the books of the Torah ,he talks about it so many times about the coming MESSIAH who his people will kill. Ĥi?Jewish people I hope the longer you stay blind, the longer we continue to live in this terrible 🌎! 😊😊❤❤❤

@freyatilly 8 месяцев назад

@@mathiasniemeier4359... just arrogant.

@channelone3773G 8 месяцев назад

How could it be preserved written after thousands of years after Moses....

@user-bl2lu2nx2u 6 месяцев назад

It. Was. Copied. And. Had. Oral. Tradition. Over. The. Centuries. Although. Dispersed. Jews. Read. Studied. Prayed..in. Hebrew. 🎉🎉🎉🎉

@stephenconnolly1830 16 дней назад

Despite the claims of the Masoretic text being preserved faithfully, this claim cannot be verified for the preservation of the pre-Masoretic text. Only the Qur'an has been faithfully preserved because of both its oral recitation AND written records.