The term 'Manchu' was coined by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty. Starting from the second leader of the Qing Dynasty, he integrated the Jurchen people, Han people, and Daur people from the north into the Manchu people, forming the Manchu people. The first leader of the Qing Dynasty, Nurhaci, served as a border guard in the Ming Dynasty for several years and even was promoted to become a leader
The entire Quin dynasty was black people. The manchurian people were swarthy and that's why their culture has been destroyed like the Indians of America that were of the same hue.
Nice video but I was waiting for you to mention the hairstyle assertion during ROC era when this time the manchu queue was typically stigmatised and coded with loyalty to Qing, anti-revolution, disgrace, and ugliness which loom large even until modern day, during which process wide spread anti-manchu sentiments led to the massacres of manchus in the entire Southern China, which was a fatal blow to the manchu community that ends up being force assimilated eventually.
I found many sources saying many different things when trying to skim over the state of the queue during the ROC era, some claiming that it disappeared overnight while others claiming that it would endure for at least another decade to come. Others make no mention of violence towards the Manchu while others point out the very thing you are pointing out with your comment, that violence towards the Manchu was a real thing. I don't think they are conflicting though. It's probably the case that all of the things I just mentioned were true simultaneously depending on location, time etc, and so it made it difficult for me to paint a fair and accurate picture of the situation and truly make not only attitudes towards the queue, but Manchu-Han relations during the ROC era justice in this video, and so I skipped it.
@@harmonybutdifferent6221 1. No one is blaming han. I didn’t even mention “han” in the original comment given that the revolution was not monolithic or monoethnic in its composition anyway. My point is merely a suggestion to mention how manchu queues were stigmatised in late Qing. It’s relevant and important part of the history of queues
@@harmonybutdifferent6221 2. “That how history works” is not how history works. An simplified view to take conquests/massacres out of historical contexts does not make sense, where you might as well justify holocaust or Japanese war crimes by saying “that’s how history works” We have manchus as one of the official recognised minorities in PRC. Take a step back and now attach the significance of the revolution and queues to manchus in the last century. That’s what matters and I honestly expected
@@zhiyuangao7212 i agree with you, just want to explain that "复仇文化" is quite fair and normal in ancient east asian.but i really don't think that killing is acceptable
4:17 Ironically, this is a painting of emperor Qianlong cosplaying in Han clothing and head dress (while retaining his shaved Manchu hairstyle). Yongzheng, Qianlong, and Jiaqing were known for the numerous paintings of them cosplaying as various figures. Yongzheng probably had the most.
Probably this hairstyle originated by an emperor that was going bald, and envious of other males that still had their full set of hair so mandates every one else to shave front half of their head so he feels less inadequate, what a jerk move.
Do we actually have historical records saying the hairstyle assertion was to ensure uniformity? I doubt it since as it seems Qing policies were never to "integrate" one into another or let one blend in without prob. Manchus lived primarily in the garrisons (满城) usually far away from the city centres (except for Beijing) arguably due to smallpox. It seems rather odd to have manchus blend in into Han crowds as a Qing policy. In fact if we look at old photos from late Qing, manchus can be easily spotted with the clothing, shoes(especially females), ways of greetings, etc. The same goes for the mongols
It is true that the Manchu retained many customs despite the massive social and political changes that were going on, and so did the Han. And so the question of integration wasn't necessarily one with the end goal of total unity in mind, but subordination and loyalty. So don't forget that integration was also very much a question of having the Han integrate into the Manchu way, the queue order probably being one of the most clear examples of this. With that being said, my sources are second hand (and often even third hand) ones mainly through the works of Frederic Wakeman, take that as you will. His conclusions of the decrees and and first hand interpretations of these is that the Manchus sought disciplinary unification through several means, one of them being the queue order. My personal impression is that the Manchu desire for unity and "integration" wasn't so sophisticated as to seek total grey mass unification, one where you couldn't tell Han and Manchu apart. In fact, early Manchu leaders were very aware of the fact that their semi-nomadic roots could disappear in the old Han ways and them living separately from the rest of the population could be a way of preserving their roots. It was also possibly a way of retaining a loyal base of operation, considering the fact that the Manchu often had some level of distrust of the Han, especially during the early stages of the Qing dynasty. To conclude: you are very correct in what you said, I just didn't mean to give the impression that the Manchu sought complete and total unity between the two ethnicities, but sought to conjoin the fates of the two in some ways. Very good question and I hope this answers it to some degree. I feel like I repeated myself many times here, I apologize if it's unclear!
its always great learning about the THE GREAT CHINESE CULTURE AND HISTORY... great work brother❤❤❤❤may the mother nature bestows you with more likes and subscribers
"So far" sometimes I forget that history will always repeat one way another. I wonder how the new great empires with crowns on their head will be born.
It's so funny to me that not cutting one's hair was seen as a symbol of filial piety. My parents grew up in the 60s and 70s in America and they had stories about parents getting angry about young people growing their hair long. My Uncle had a ponytail and my Grandparents would constantly berate him for it, boys got suspended from school for not having crew cuts and even girls got in trouble for having their too long, I even heard a story about a woman who was terrified because a man with a beard asked her for directions.
that's the thing, your parents are from 60s and 70s, not back few hundred years ago, back then hair is seen as given by parents and should not be cut lightly, to cut it is often seen as equivalent of beheading or to cut one's ties to their parent. it was this way for thousands of years, so when Manchu told people to cut their hair especially when Manchu's are seen as invaders by loyalist, its no surprise people rebel
As mentioned in the video, it is a teaching from Confucianism part of their religion back then for over 2000 years as part of their belief. It is the same as how the Abrahamic faith required all males to be circumcised Christians are urged to be "circumcised of the heart" by trusting in Jesus and his sacrifice on the cross. As a Jew, Jesus was himself circumcised (Luke 2:21; Colossians 2:11-12).
interesting that you find it funny, because this exists in the US. Millions of Native Americans were forced to cut their hair in American schools to assimilate them and destroy their culture, but long hair is considered one's familial and cultural ties in almost all Native American cultures. They still do it in many parts of the US.
I find it interesting how a racist caricature of Chinese men wearing a foreign hairstyle which was enforced on them was - and still is by some - seen as “traditional Chinese” by many westerners.
Very interesting video indeed. However, I do believe many have argued that Manchu Qing dynasty should not be considered as part of the ‘Chinese’ dynasties. Just like the Germanic tribes who took Ancient Rome. Manchu took over China by defeating the real Chinese Ming empire and massacred tens of thousands of Chinese people in order to establish their false claim to the Mandate of Heaven over the real China land. I don’t think we can call the Germanic tribes ‘Roman’ just because they destroyed the Roman Empire and took the title as the Holy Roman Empire later on by themselves, right?
It's a very interesting thought and I don't think it's an invalid argument. I think the main difference in thinking regarding the two examples is that Chinese history tends to be viewed as a long line of legitimate successions (what line is and isn't legitimate is obviously up for debate, but the big dynasties are universally agreed upon) from one dynasty to another and this concept is an inherently Han-centered one, as in each dynasty would do a lot to assimilate itself into an already established mold. Remember that the Holy Roman Empire competed with the Papal States, Constantinople/Byzantines and later even the Russians and Ottomans (!) as the legimitate successor to the Roman Empire. My assumption would be that the cultural (Germanic vs Greek vs Italian vs Russian etc) divide and religious (Catholic vs Orthodox) divide were so deep that it eventually watered down the concept of a continous Roman succession since nobody could even enterartain the claim of the other and not one single universally agreed upon successor has existed since the fall of Rome and ESPECIALLY not since the fall of Constantinople. This also made it so that no agreed upon mold of Roman succesion could be established, and so each "Successor" would instead simply steal a bit of Roman glory and splendor for itself. On the other hand, the idea that the Han were succeeded by the Jin and to the Tang and the Song etc isn't really disputed by anyone and each did their best to assimilate themselves into how things were traditionally done as this was the main source of legitimacy (mandate of heaven). The Qing snugly fit into this succession line since they didn't significantly deviate from how previous dynasties both ruled the country and viewed itself (claiming mandate of heaven for example). Perhaps the idea that the Qing wouldn't be the next legitimate successor was an alien concept since they had really done the exact same thing as several other dynasties had for the past few thousand years before them. Sorry for the long ass response. Your comment was very thought-provoking and deserves a comment that reflects that!
Ming Emperor Zhu Di conquered Manchuria, making it a part of China. The Qing Dynasty's occupation of China was equivalent to Texas's occupation of the United States
Great video. I think a lot of people have been wondering about this. I heard that they considered hair cutting to be a form of body mutilation, and therefore disrespectful to parents and ancestors, but I didn't know it started with Confucius. I also believe traditional Chinese culture was against tattoos for the same reason, is that true?
I'm not entirely sure about the link between tattoos and Confucian moral principles. I do know that criminals in ancient China were branded with tattoos that would vary depending on the severity of the crime, so maybe that same stigma has stuck around?
@@xingtian9104 I heard about the use of tattoos to punish criminals. It's a very efficient way of profiling people. Wherever they go, people will know what they did without having to look at any database. Maybe the stigma came from that, or maybe stigmatizing criminals was part of the punishment. If you find out that could make another good video. The Nanman regularly had tattoos and short hair, even their women I think.
@@ivorkovac303 i think its not the origin intention.I think the origin is Zhou people's ancestors like wearing hair,then their custom influence the whole China after they defeat Shang dynasty become the ruler of China.
A Chinese mandarin when visisted the Vietnamese court in the 17th century almost broke down crying when saw the Han clothes and hairstyles. Must have been hard for the Chinese back then, seeing how their culture was systematically suppressed by outsiders, while the subservient nations around them that used to learn from them continued to practice their culture freely.
I am curious as to why there was not a resurrgence in pre-qing long hair styles. Were the post-qing Han more concerned with appearing western then appealing back to their traditional hairstyle at this time? Or perhaps there were attempts at a revival of old Han hairstyles that simply didnt catch on? Surely the chinese of that time thought about a return to their filial long haired days.
The leaders of post-Qing China had in many cases studied abroad, and there was a general sense that the new generation who had acquired knowledge of how the rest of the world was run were going to lead China forward. These very people had become westernized in their dress code and so on. That's the reason short haircuts became a thing to begin with. Perhaps the reason they never tried to revive the old ways was that anything old was strongly associated with the decadent Qing and they wanted badly to leave the century of humiliation behind them. The old haircuts just got sidelined in the whole process of modernization.
I'm gonna show my American Millennial ignorance here. I heard about this FIRST in Shanghai Noon with Jackie Chan & Owen Wilson (I love that damn movie) and Chan did a whole thing when Wilson tried cutting off his que. I hadn't realized it was a real thing. He had it cut by the forbidden city people and it was seen as him losing his status and being an outcast. I came to see if that had any validity but idk if this is the same thing.
Jackie Chan is just an actor with limited knowledge of Chinese history and culture. The costume dramas he starred in are simply not qualified in the eyes of me, a history enthusiast
The edict of this Manchu hairstyle was a form of cultural ethnic cleansing, that is why resistance against the Manchu was so high. In the end, the conquered may have lose their hair but would become the conqueror as the Manchu would soon adapt and embrace Han culture and become more Chinese than Manchu.
The Manchu were pretty Hanified early on and realized the need to accept Han culture, law, religion, and language if they wanted to unify the lands. Their opposition to Ming fashion and aristocratic practices was to weed out those who retained ties to the old regime and to kill off not Han culture as a whole but merely qualities that could be directly tied to the Ming. I wouldn't call it ethnic cleansing but rather wiping out the image of and ties to the former dynasty. That's pretty normal for new regimes to do. Otherwise they were pretty accepting of other cultures and tried to create a cosmopolitan image of their rule and that those who opposed it were bigoted traditionalists who only refused their new rulers because of their own views of Han supremacy over the "barbarians" like the Manchu.
Many steppe nomadic people in that area had similar hairstyles, why they had it from the beginning or why the Jurchen had this type specifically, I couldn't answer for sure. One comment suggested that it could be to make it easier to wear helmets, similar to the Japanese.
When people pitied the Qing Dynasty for falling and not knowing the Han people were oppressed, yet considered Hong Kong not a part of China and is being conquered when it was part of China in the first place taken by the British.
You're wrong. The Han officials of the Qing Dynasty had great power and were very loyal to the Qing Dynasty, because these Han bureaucrats and Manchu nobles were all privileged classes. The downfall of the Qing Dynasty marked the overthrow of corrupt feudal rulers by the oppressed civilians of various ethnic groups at the bottom of China
I suppose for most people can’t distinguish what the difference between the Manchuria people and the Han Chinese by appearance. The languages are two totally different systems 、different characters、grammars、pronunciations …
@@lyhthegreat Well, that's your preference. I cannot change what you find aesthetically pleasing. Nevertheless, you cannot deny the precision in the meaning of the 正體字 (Yes, I call it 正體 not 繁體). If 簡體字 were precise, we will not be having this conversation to begin with.
male pattern baldness need no enforcers and you can't even rebel against it 😂, maybe that's why the Qing came up with the Manchu queue in the first place. The chieftain: I'm getting bald?? everyone must be bald too!
I don't think Confucian belief about filial piety is the reason why Chinese people didn't like cutting their hair, considering Chinese people accepted Buddhism, which cuts the hair. In Ming Dynasty, the first emperor put a ban on shaving the hair which became popular for kids during Yuan dynasty, and he killed people who did not follow, he also chopped off people's feet for wearing the wrong shoes while playing football. In most cases, we can see Chinese people care more for tradition, they follow something because it's what their ancestors did. This can even be seen as with a Hui rebel, dude refused to cut his queue even after rebelling and leaving Qing dynasty territory. He claimed he wanted to keep the hair because it's what his ancestors had and it's tradition. Also funny enough the half bald and long queue is actually a Han-Manchu hybrid hairstyle, as originally Manchu just had short hair and short braids. Mainly because blade was not good enough quality to produce actual bald look, and second because most people did not have the time and effort to keep long queue. Foreign missionaries recorded that most tartars (Jurchens) had short hair or no hair, there wasn't uniform queue. Even in Qing records and paintings, the first four emperors had short hair, paintings of street and people showed that the emphasis was on cutting the hair in the front half, but majority of civilians still wore the bun or covered their hair entirely by Ming standards (Ming was very strict about covering the hair). Han people loved long hair, pretty sure that influenced the Manchus to grow out their long hair, mid-late Qing it was common for men to be proud of having long shiny queue.
Dude ima have to call cap on your comment, to start with Buddhism and that type of hair cutting was acceptable as it represents moving past earthly things as monks are often also called “people that leave their homes”. Also foreign missionaries often couldn’t tell the difference between Han, Mongol and Manchus. Lastly I really can’t find any evidence to back up your claim that the first 4 emperors had short hair
@hiimryan2388 The custom of Asian people wearing short hair began in modern Japan by imitating Western hairstyles, and was later introduced to China from Japan
The Qing dynasty is a foreign dynasty that ruled over China, but somehow conveniently being regarded by modern Chinese as one of their own. Had the Japanese succeeded in conquering China, I wonder if they would get the same treatment
@@didiermontagnier6114 The Manchu eventually adopted Han customs, the language and way of life. This happened later tho so I didn't bring it up in the video.
Didi I get what your saying but the fact is the Manchu emperors considered themselves a Chinese dynasty. For example qianlong said that the old border of China wasn’t what made China well china
Found this channel really weird. On one hand you seem to be very knowledgeable about the Chinese history, on the other hand the translation was quite wrong. 岀现sounds weird and resistance should be 抵抗。also at 4:13 the painting was the Qing emperor 乾隆，a Manchu of course, fashioning himself as a Confucian scholar
Confucianism basically doesn't allow people to cut their hair because your hair and body part is given by your parent through birth, cutting it = disrespect toward your parent. That's why many han chinese died , either you shave it or lose your head says the manchu
For example, the Native Americans in the United States erupted in a military uprising and successfully took over the United States, then they forcibly promoted Indian culture and customs of life
There is one Jurchen hairstyle I like. This guy is Mongol (the one with the beard and red instrument) --> ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-mC0n4cfNvMw.html but I believe they sported this same hairstyle in the past like the Jurchens
Many nomadic and semi-nomadic steppe people had similar styles, so I assume they simply influenced each other. How exactly these odd styles came to be from the start is beyond me, brother. It's kind of impossible for us in the modern age to "get".
May have been for practical purposes originally like for when you are wearing a headdress or helmet you wont have to worry about your scalp hair becoming a problem the samurai shaved the top part of their head for this reason.
@@xingtian9104 My thinking is that some chief was balding and so he had the rest of his court shave part of their hair to match. It would be a great way to hide and/or normalize a receding hairline. It was probably similar to what happened in Spain with the way they changed pronunciation of the C and Z sounds in order to accommodate this king with a deformed jaw.
nomadic steppes tribes; hair of the Barbarians; Manch (Jurchen) queue (큐); Chinese pigtail; Shave or Die; mandatoy hair(style) (headwear); cut the hair and keep the head or cut the head and keep the hair vs top-knot or Han Chinese bun; filial piety is the root of all virtues; Confucian ethics;
