The Missing Link That Wasn’t

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The myth of the Missing Link--the idea that there must be a specimen that partly resembles an ape but also partly resembles a modern human--is persistent. But the reality is that there is no missing link in our lineage, because that’s not how evolution works.
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References:
Lovejoy, A.O. 1936. The Great Chain of Being: A Study of the History of an Idea, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press
Ackermann, R.R., Rogers, J., Cheverud, J.M. 2006. Identifying the morphological signatures of hybridization in primate and human evolution. Journal of Human Evolution 51 (6): 632-645.
Theunissen, L.T. 2012. Eugène Dubois and the Ape-Man from Java: The History of the First ‘Missing Link’ and Its Discoverer. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, Germany.
Berger, L.R, De Ruiter, J., Churchill, S.E., Schmid, P., Carlson, K.J., Dirks, P.H.G.M., Kibii, J. 2010. Australopithecus sediba: A New Species of Homo-Like Australopith from South Africa. Science, 328: 195-204.
Warren, K.A., Ritzman, T.B., Humphreys, R.A., Percival, C.J., Hallgrímsson, B. and Rogers Ackermann, R. 2018. Craniomandibular form and body size variation of first-generation mouse hybrids: A model for hominin hybridization. Journal of Human Evolution, 116: 57-74
Hawks, J., & Cochran, G. 2006. Dynamics of adaptive introgression from archaic to modern humans. PaleoAnthropology, 101-115.
Gould, S.J. 1980. The Piltdown conspiracy. Natural History 89:8-28.
Balter, M. , 2010 . Candidate human ancestor from South Africa sparks praise and debate. Science 327, 154-155.
Dirks, P.G. H .M, Kibii, J.M., Kuhn, B. F. et al. 2010. Geological setting and age of Australopithecus sediba from Southern Africa. Science 328, 205-208
McHenry, H. 1998. Body proportions in Australopithecus afarensis and A. africanus and the origin of the genus Homo, Journal of Human Evolution, 32 1-22.
Lewin, R. 1987. Bones of Contention: Controversies in the Search for Human Origins, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-47651-3.
D’Costa, K. 2014. The Missing Link that Wasn’t. Scientific American, available at: blogs.scientificamerican.com/...
www.nature.com/articles/13926...
#MissingLink #HumanEvolution #PBSEons

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20 авг 2019

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Комментарии : 2,4 тыс.

@EmmaDilemma039 4 года назад

"Exchanging genetic material" Is that what the kids are calling it these days?

@G-LukeJA 4 года назад

Aye Yo lemmie exchange some genes baby

@kevinzhu6417 4 года назад

he was receiving the S U C C

@kermitlover5012 4 года назад

Gaia Builder Your pfp makes this comment so much better

@metametodo 4 года назад

Let us get some gene flow going inside ya

@kimeraclan3135 4 года назад

It's better then "exchangic bodily fluids" á la Demolition Man.

@phoule76 4 года назад

if someone steals your sausage, it's a case of a missing link

@ABC-yt1nq 4 года назад

I'd let HER steal my sausage!

@AFishBicycle 4 года назад

ZING!

@paulh3794 4 года назад

I don't think cocktail weiners count as sausage

@amelliamendel2227 4 года назад

I have a broken necklace with the same problem

@paulh3794 4 года назад

@@m_i_g_5108 sounds like you're trying to organize a cocktail party but three's a crowd so I'll sit this one out. Thanks anyway.

@jasper3706 4 года назад

"It's called the braided stream" she says, wearing a thematically appropriate hairstyle

@cheegan 4 года назад

A plait?

@scottparis6355 4 года назад

Obviously that's a "braided pigtail," not a braided stream." You've got it all wrong.

@hiersdable 4 года назад

She's great for that kind of thing!

@notjazin1356 4 года назад

That’s a platt 😂

@tristanlj3409 4 года назад

@@scottparis6355 amusingly enough it's called a hestehale (horsetail) in danish😆🤔

@Sup3rlum 4 года назад

3:26 Java man was at an evolutionary disadvantage because he couldn't C#

@unknownfury7672 4 года назад

Sup3rlum wow Ur such a snake, or should I say python?

@LJdaentertainer 4 года назад

Wow, you're so Groovy

@PainterVierax 4 года назад

The asm men are kinda my favorites. Sure they can't really adapt to environmental changes but they are so efficient at doing things, they can live almost in every kind of places and they definitively don't go rusty.

@IceMetalPunk 4 года назад

On the other hand, that species invented one of the most popular forms of writing known to history: Java Script.

@legendofman12 4 года назад

IceMetalPunk which is stunning as they bear almost no genetic resemblance

@raijinoflimgrave8708 4 года назад

Finally, approproate information to destroy the "where is the missing link" argument

@Feniso 4 года назад

Are you saying Futurama is not appropriate?

@raijinoflimgrave8708 4 года назад

@@Feniso as far as inappropriate shows go futurama is up there 😂

@SuPeRHeRoDuDe3124 4 года назад

@@raijinoflimgrave8708 U KIDDING RIGHT.

@bbbabrock 4 года назад

I am going to post this here as well in the hope that someone here might answer my questions. Ok. So I understand her "braided bush" analogy. But her assertian that "missing link" is a wrong way to see evolution still seems seriously wrong to me. First off, using her graph at 9:20, how is Homo-Rhodesius not a link between Homo-Maratanius and Homo-Sapiens? And on that same graph I notice a narrower neck between the areas shaded Rhodesius and Sapien. A8nd when I googled Homo-Rhodesius the article said there was a gap in the fossil record between the two. So secondly, how is that gap not a missing link? What is the difference between a gap and a missing link? And why ought archeologists stop looking for a fossil of an individual in that gap? Anyway, here is the article: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_rhodesiensis

@stints 4 года назад

@@bbbabrock it's braided stream, think of it as waves of water. Two paths converge and constructively combine granting this new hybrid access to both genes possibly resulting in a better creature for lack of a better word.

@nickmalachai2227 4 года назад

It's kinda funny how we had to stop using the tree model because it didn't account for combining/hybridizing branches, but real-life trees will absolutely fuze branches together on a whim.

@LucidFL 4 года назад

Their roots work together too

@jasper3706 4 года назад

An example of art NOT imitating life

@maryanneslater9675 3 года назад

I've seen branches fused together around a bit of fence.

@kayzeaza 3 года назад

I’ve never seen tree branches extend from the truck and then fuse with other extended branches

@DanHarkless_Halloween_YTPs_etc 3 года назад

@@kayzeaza How common it is depends on the tree species, amount of wind in the area, etc. From Wikipedia's "Inosculation" article (the technical term for the phenomenon, apparently): _It is most common for branches of two trees of the same species to grow together, though inosculation may be noted across related species. The branches first grow separately in proximity to each other until they touch. At this point, the bark on the touching surfaces is gradually abraded away as the trees move in the wind. Once the cambium of two trees touches, they sometimes self-graft and grow together as they expand in diameter._ There's also a list of species they the article says inosculation is more common in due to their thin bark. Take the info with a grain of salt, though, as that article isn't as well-cited as it should be. The first image that came to mind for me is the banyan tree, but what I was picturing isn't inosculation. Due to the assumptions our brains make based on normal tree morphology, it looks like the banyans' weird "aerial roots" are growing up from the bottom and often merging/fusing, but they're actually growing from the top down and branching.

@iamkocka6457 4 года назад

The problem is education often lags behind scientific progress.

@SGGCREATIVES 4 года назад

Often!??? Always! Mostly because education is controlled by politics and not academia.

@ethank.6602 4 года назад

@@SGGCREATIVES ignorance is bliss

@screechowl9605 4 года назад

@@ethank.6602 Until the free ride ends.

@red_light_3937 4 года назад

To be fair, scientific progress moves fast. Even academia has a hard time properly spreading the word, verifying, re-verifying new research finds. Trickling it down to each successive new group of school kids & young adults is naturally a difficult task. Only made harder by publishing barriers, educational monopolies, governments laws, and politics.

@davidgreen5994 4 года назад

@@red_light_3937 Yeah, but I was learning about missing link and first model 15 years ago in school, while this crap had been debunket in 1930's. Thats very slow.

@moboxgraphics 4 года назад

Beautifully put together show

@FoxhoundFan69 3 года назад

Beautifully put togethor host

@nicoladibara1936 3 года назад

@@FoxhoundFan69 Yeah, it’s just a pity that the story she’s telling us is nonsense.

@DailyCorvid 3 года назад

@@nicoladibara1936 how so? Seems fairly regular

@ranmindyt2902 3 года назад

@vegasgal89074 3 года назад

@@DailyCorvid probably some super religious Karen

@friedchickenUSA 4 года назад

22nd century: people realize that evolution isnt linear, nor is it a braided stream, but actually a 3d matrix

@SevenPr1me 4 года назад

It seems obvious actually. We do live in the 3rd dimension

@BXJ-mi9mm 4 года назад

@@SevenPr1me Why not a 4d matrix? We have 4 dimension and we don't live in just the 3rd dimension (unless you happen to be a point or line).

@OMGIGILY 4 года назад

And the matrix is.... choice :-0 wouldnt that be crazy. An explanation for a type of god like self aware creator but a scientific force

@Dipstikk 4 года назад

It's all fun and games until Morpheus visits you to show you his pills.

@destree6348 4 года назад

Se7enPr1me I just saw a video that explained and showed that our brain doesn't have the capability of processing what the 4D is

@kalrodwick 4 года назад

Well this video made more sense as it continued 😂 school got this so wrong. We definitely learned the progress of man missing link, and i graduated in 2014.

@psuedozardozz 4 года назад

They were still teaching the branching tree when I took anthropology classes in the 90's Gonna have to throw away all of those textbooks with Lucy on the jacket.😩😭

@bremdamiller3629 4 года назад

That is what happens when you don't update textbooks for a few decades :). We were taught that if Neanderthals and humans bred that their offspring would be sterile like mules.

@zedantXiang 4 года назад

@@bremdamiller3629 Why using textbook still exist nowday is beyond me. if a school starts using computer instead of books they would probably be in a lost at the start,but would make up in having more student,because is stupid how freaking much books cost now day,around 30$ for the cheapest where I live,you need atleast 8 to function at school,which is almost 5000$ for a new onw and if used is going to be around 250,I was fine whit buying them but imagine someone whit less money in the family,most of the books doesnt even get used fully. Thats the second thing that really pissed me offi in school. first one be(ranting ahead) Repeting subject from elementary/middle to highschool,I really dont want to study the roman empire or "learning" WW2 for third time in my life again,I got it,I'm fine I wanna learn usefull things,those are pratically times in my life that are wasted.

@timan2039 4 года назад

@@psuedozardozz you can keep the jacket. 🤔

@timan2039 4 года назад

@@bremdamiller3629 I doesn't help when you religious fundamentalist involved with text book contents and overall approval.

@tommyjones7096 4 года назад

And some people still ask the stupid question, "If we evolved from apes, why are apes still around?"

@spindash64 4 года назад

To get a bit dark, “Don’t worry, we’re taking care of that now”

@Alex-kp5pq 4 года назад

@@spindash64 Sad but true. Almost every primate that passes over ~14 kg (~30 lb) is or has been an endangered species. Only the baboons have dodged the hammer.

@tommyjones7096 4 года назад

@@Alex-kp5pq Big animals in general don't fare well. They boom during times of plenty but are the first to go when things get lean.

@BXJ-mi9mm 4 года назад

@@JD-el9eo If they can thing even that far away from a point…

@Psartz 4 года назад

That a huge jump from chimp to human.when it come to brain a huge jump.why none of middle link is alive today.i am mean not even one.doesnt metter where you go on earth you just find fully evolved humen.

@hawkeyestegosaurus5680 4 года назад

I remember the Piltdown man , I had no idea it wasn't real though. This braided chain theory is pretty amazing stuff

@anotherdrummer2 4 года назад

The evolution of evolutionary thinking is.... Revolutionary? Great episode!

@bitsaurus 4 года назад

Yes. Let's make it up as we go...

@davehas12 4 года назад

Others would just suggest it an attempt to defend the untenable.

@canfelgie8559 4 года назад

@@bitsaurus you guys are braindead

@MysteriousAsteria 4 года назад

@@bitsaurus or maybe it's a proof that science works better than dogma, because science can admit of not understanding something correctly and then improve understanding of a topic. Making up would be holding onto outdated beliefs, because you do not accept that they may be wrong.

@search895 4 года назад

@@bitsaurus Or we can call it learning.

@JR-gp2zk 4 года назад

Reminds me of dogs, wolves and coyotes. They are all different yet they are similar enough to interbred. Homo sapiens are basically a coywolf dog hybrid.

@Alex-kp5pq 4 года назад

Only in some places. The last interbreeding episodes haven't yet spread across the whole species.

@SimYn_ 4 года назад

So humans can interbreed with monkeys?

@somehaloguy9372 4 года назад

@@SimYn_ that's how you get AIDS

@sambradley9091 4 года назад

@@somehaloguy9372 I don't know who told you that, AIDS has been around way longer than bestiality

@zikrim1227 4 года назад

@@SimYn_ We CANT. We are the only hominins left. So stop your imagination to have a hybrid baby with another species hahaha

@dg_96_7 4 года назад

This makes so much sense. I used to be extremely skeptical about the missing link theory & the search for a fossil resembling both ape & man. The braided stream makes much more sense.

@markmiller8903 Год назад

Agree I always questioned that.

@seraph1974 4 года назад

I actually had the privilege of handling the Taung Child once when I was younger. I’ll never forget that

@brunosouza3326 4 года назад

Did you breastfeed it? And if yes did it bite? Asking for a friend...

@seraph1974 4 года назад

Bruno Souza I can send a picture if you want? Of the skull I mean but damn it needs the calcium

@TragoudistrosMPH 4 года назад

What was the occasion? I wish more 3D models were available so we could compare and manipulate findings:)

@shadorea 4 года назад

@@TragoudistrosMPH funny you should say that... www.thingiverse.com/thing:332463 Radiolab did an episode featuring the Taung Child, and uploaded scans of the specimen for listeners to download and print. I have several copies. :)

@jasper3706 4 года назад

Wow, amazjng

@EryxUK 4 года назад

I'd love to see a program on Ceratopsian dinosaurs, and how they diverged and evolved the various head crests and horns.

@revspikejonez 4 года назад

Very little is understood about that, and there are now theories that the various shapes had more to do with sexual maturity rather than various subspecies as previously thought.

@alveolate 4 года назад

doesn't matter! just show us ceratopsians!

@89tilinfinity29 4 года назад

Can you guys please make a video on the discovery of the hobbit species (Flores man). Would love to know more about it, thanks!

@RandallWilks 4 года назад

As would everyone else. The first discovery of Homo floresiensis was in Liang Bua cave on the island of Flores in the Indonesian archipelago. I think there were seven diminutive skeletons initially unearthed, only one of them having a skull and that having very small cranial capacity. A lot of hypotheses were proposed, one that the skull was due to micro cephaly, another that they were dwarf versions of Homo erectus. Both hypotheses seem to have been put to rest. In some ways their anatomy is like that of earlier hominins. Even older fossils of this species has been found at another location on the island, along with tools. Apparently no complete skeletons there, but that older population was even smaller in size than the Liang Bua specimens. www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/03/hobbit-humans-story-gets-twist-from-thousands-of-rat-bones/ phys.org/news/2017-04-indonesian-hobbits-revealed.html Even more intriguing is that still another hominin species, Homo luzonenesis has been discovered on that Philippine island. www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/04/new-species-ancient-human-discovered-luzon-philippines-homo-luzonensis/ How these species got to islands that were never connected to the mainland is a big mystery. To my knowledge, it has not even been determined if Homo erectus ever mastered ocean travel. A lot of questions are yet to be answered. It is frustrating, but we must wait for further discoveries.

@bbbabrock 4 года назад

@@RandallWilks I think ocean levels were low enuf durring t ice age due to so much water being tied up in the glaciers that they could walk almost all t way to Australia . Alaska was connected to Russia. England was connected to mainland Europe. Maybe Luzon was connected to Vietnam or at least was close enuf that getting there would be more like a river crossing than an ocean voyage. Then once t ocean levels rose and that land became an island, all the living things on that island became subject to t evolutionary pressures of living on an island.

@RandallWilks 4 года назад

It is not unreasonable to assume lower water levels during ice ages, but this map shows that they were never connected. Flores does not show on this (first) map showing land areas exposed at those times, but it was between Lombok and Timor, west of the Wallace line (named for Alfred Russel Wallace, who independently arrived at the same conclusion as Charles Darwin regarding evolution). Much of what is now Indonesia was part of mainland Asia called Sundaland. At that time Australia and New Guinea were one landmass called Sahul. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Map_of_Sunda_and_Sahul.png pbs.twimg.com/media/DYYCRSYWkAAHjED?format=jpg&name=small upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lesser_Sunda_Islands_en.png/1280px-Lesser_Sunda_Islands_en.png Do a search on Flores Island and you will see it has interesting topography which would make exploration difficult. It has a surprisingly large population (about 2 million) and largely Roman Catholic (due to Portuguese colonization). While never part of mainland Asia, it was quite likely connected at times to other parts of the Sunda Islands group, making them candidates for possible H. floresiensis occupation. From what I have been able to determine, Mindanao was also never connected to the mainland.

@bbbabrock 4 года назад

@@RandallWilks @Randall Wilks I have seen a video showing and explaining these different lines between the continents. It was quite interesting. However different bits of land don't have to be completely connected for there to be tranfer of plants and animals. They only have to be close enuf for them to get across. Someone else already explained how rats could cross. I saw some video about when water levels were lower , elephants could see and smell some island across the water. One or two swam there and started a separate polulation on that island, then some more came over. Then the water rose and t island became very isolated. So that when people finally got there, they were wondering how the elephants got there. I think they had been dead on t mainland there for some time. People could have done a similar thing. An ancient tribe, too primitive to navigate the ocean could have floated on a log to an island they could see. Also, Idk if it matters , but were those people on Luzon or Mindanao?

@fbkintanar 4 года назад

@@bbbabrock I believe that the latest modeling indicates that while the large western Philippine island of Palawan was connected to Borneo (and thus part of Sundaland) Luzon and most of the rest of the Philippines were never connected. Although the distances aren't great, the depth is significant. So a few Philippine islands on the west are not part of Wallacea, their fauna is more like Sundaland.

@JASmith-oy8db 4 года назад

Recently new subscriber here. These PBS Eons episodes, especially those on human evolution, are becoming invaluable to an anthropology major who was last hitting the books on human evolution two decades ago and who wants to catch up on the most recent story. The Braided Stream model is fascinating. Thanks for all these concise synopses on these topics, not to mention the included references! Keep them coming!

@robertt9342 4 года назад

It's 1912 and I am viewing this with astonishment on some sort of portable motion picture playing device that projects light and is impossibly thin.

@EChacon 4 года назад

Hope you do one on Titanoboa and the animals from Cerrejón. 🐍🐊🐢

@Fede_99 4 года назад

*Buzz to Woody* Giant reptiles, giant reptiles everywhere

@svx4401 4 года назад

There already is a video on the titanoboa by them

@EChacon 4 года назад

@@svx4401 I think you're mistaking it for the Great Snake Debate video and that ONLY dealt with fossil snakes that had legs.

@raijinoflimgrave8708 4 года назад

They mentioned the titanoboa in "From the Fall of the Dinosaurs to the Rise of the Humans" mayne that's what he is thinking of

@ANIMALBEHAVIORoff 4 года назад

Just released.

@anthonyw9129 4 года назад

So weird i literally was just watching a video from this channel and wondered why i never have gotten one single notification and.......boom i got one lol ..

@thewastedwanderer5787 4 года назад

Me too, literally just happened!

@turkeyrunfarms 4 года назад

Omg ... me too! 🤞🏽

@lazyperfectionist9843 4 года назад

me three 🤣

@Winteramen 4 года назад

All mighty Google will grant you videos when you need, not when you want. Have faith and yee shall experience the great recommendations of RU-vid

@heinrichwinter9861 4 года назад

@@Winteramen all praise the algorithm!

@tabularasa0606 4 года назад

Go play Zelda if you're missing Link.

@Ratigan2 4 года назад

shoo gamers.. shoo!

@Trillin09 4 года назад

NaN hahahahhahahhahhahhahahahahaahahahhahahahhahahhahahahahahahahahahahahahahaha I get it

@MusicalRaichu 4 года назад

I guess missing Link is the Ganon-won timeline ...

@donaldlawrance840 4 года назад

@xLambadix 4 года назад

But then you will be playing Link while missing Zelda. Evolution is so complicated.

@philochristos 4 года назад

"Exchanging genetic material" Nice euphemism!

@veggieboyultimate 4 года назад

2:39 I've always wondered what that picture was called.

@davidm5707 4 года назад

I prefer the one at the beginning of the Dilbert animated show.

@MaestroRigale 4 года назад

Well now I have an entirely new concept to investigate: braided stream...

@JGirDesu 4 года назад

SAME!!

@Treemike1000 4 года назад

yup

@JGirDesu 4 года назад

@@yomomz3921 Why do I feel like this could be a line out of Harry Potter? Braiding streams sounds like magic LOL

@MICQUIAMBAO 4 года назад

JGirDesu you’ve never seen ghostbusters?

@k.umquat8604 4 года назад

Yo Momz lolz

@ejtheron9167 4 года назад

I think this highlights how difficult it can be to define a species. I hope one day you'll do a video on it. Would be awesome.

@tarahood9699 4 года назад

‘.... and STEVE!’ - My favourite part of these videos 😆 Wherever you are Steve, please don’t stop being a Patreon of PBS Eons!

@victorbruant389 4 года назад

He wasn't missing, he travelled seven years to the future by pulling the Master Sword out of the pedestal.

@LoverLikeNoOther 4 года назад

Victor Bruant I’m gonna cream in your cereal

@Gam3B0y23r0 4 года назад

I'm pretty sure it was a chain sword.. and he travelled 40k years

@justsomeguyhidinginthecomm8167 3 года назад

@@LoverLikeNoOther that is an excellent threat

@danielpercival6368 4 года назад

Love Kallie, she's so smart and a great presenter!

@ongseehwa2620 4 года назад

keahistight wut

@pingwingwi 4 года назад

I love the way she says "for example"

@Ev3rardd 4 года назад

so glad steve is still an eontologist

@Turtle1631991 4 года назад

Reminds me of the time I took anthropology lectures with one of the most brilliant anthropologists in the country. He spoke with passion and his love for palaeoanthropology was palpable in very word. I took away lot from those two semesters. Fun part of this is that most fossilised remains are pretty partial. A lot of times it is hard to determine whether you are looking at new genus or abnormal individual of same genus and there is natural bias as most scientists would prefer to go down in history as those who discovered new one.

@nekitamocika7673 4 года назад

I am evolving the ability to not sleep for prolonged periods of time in order to watch these videos.

@MrSamulai 4 года назад

That's mutation. Evolution would imply that you are passing on genes that would enable such ability. So pics or didn't happen.

@flutedscissors9655 4 года назад

@@MrSamulai 😂

@IceMetalPunk 4 года назад

@@MrSamulai Or, more likely, it's just epigentic changes in response to the stressors of sleep deprivation. On the bright side, it's possible to pass some of those epigentic changes down to one's children. On the downside, this particular change is probably unhealthy and you'd rather your kids not have it.

@nekitamocika7673 4 года назад

@@MrSamulai i know. I just thought that evolution sounds better.

@sneeringimperialist6667 4 года назад

Especially as my Internet is glacially slow , except late at night.

@vickiignaszak5041 4 года назад

I'm still amazed people believed Piltdown was real for awhile, the mandible doesn't even articulate properly with the cranium, lol

@PeterPuncher 4 года назад

@@LoverLikeNoOther wut

@austinbosh7402 4 года назад

@@LoverLikeNoOther Do it you won't.

@iainmawhinney8867 4 года назад

Vicki Ignaszak they saw what they wanted to see or were fooled into seeing

@legendofman12 4 года назад

I believed it until now

@misterbadguy7325 4 года назад

@@iainmawhinney8867 England was the main center of paleontology at the time, and Brits were way on board with the idea that the first humans evolved in Britain. And as the video points out, the idea that humans evolved in a place popularly known as "the Dark Continent" was even more unpopular. Never mind that Britain isn't known for its wide selection of primates.

@noly6301 4 года назад

the toung child is so cute! literally looks like this emoji 🥺

@DailyCorvid 3 года назад

Took a similar amount of imagination and time to draw too lol cartoony can't believe anybody thought he was real.

@svenmorgenstern9506 4 года назад

8:15 Proof positive that under the right conditions, ANYONE's attractive! There's hope for me yet - woohoo!

@Mrtheunnameable 4 года назад

Yeah but you have to go outside to meet people.

@jezeski2011 4 года назад

@@Mrtheunnameable Harsh... but true

@veralenora7368 3 года назад

Saw a vid once all about the hominid jaw. The huge jaw had to have huge muscles anchored to the cranium. Make the jaw smaller, the muscles become much smaller, and the skull has room to expand for a larger brain. Sorry I can't cite the source.

@TheMeefive 3 года назад

Not necessarily proof, more like the current theory.

@pepesylvia848 3 года назад

@@veralenora7368 yeah and that's why so many big brainies have painful or immediately decaying wisdom teeth. No space in reduced jaw.

@cecehope237 4 года назад

Man I can’t wait till my skull is put on display 😂

@lukeskywalkerjediknight2.013 2 года назад

Lol

@lwmaynard5180 2 года назад

Don't lose your head. ? Or mind it will be hard to find. ?

@sinbatsiraseranant1241 4 года назад

How could ANYBODY gives a thumb's down to these educational clips? It is free, most up to date scientific findings, and we can watch them anytime without turning on the television or having to actually read scientific publications. Thank you for posting them!

@smurfyday 4 года назад

Religious nuts, for one. Dangerous minds.

@Lakers661Socal 4 года назад

"Even in science bad ideas take a long time to die." Let that sink in.

@RandallWilks 4 года назад

For all the thousands of years that religion controlled the mind of man, it benefited humanity not one whit. Both Archaeology and recorded history tell us that, during that time, few children lived to see their 5th birthday.. Religion could offer solace, nothing more. "Gods will" it was called. In the space of a mere 400 years, science has enlightened us and put an end to much human suffering. In just the last one hundred years alone, it has doubled the average human life expectancy. Religion makes empty promises, science delivers.

@claudeusgothicus6453 4 года назад

@@RandallWilks - unfortunately the down side of that is that science is also allowing mankind to proliferate exponentially at an enormous cost to this planet..

@FrankYou69 4 года назад

This IS a very touchy subject and I'm glad this information has come to light.

@shgjjj2879 4 года назад

I love you guys, never stop making videos

@zombymando6210 4 года назад

Dr. Banjo does not approve of this video.

@genkidamatrunks6759 4 года назад

🤣

@cristianvillanueva8782 4 года назад

I dont want to live on this planet anymore

@roku3216 4 года назад

The Wozniac Nerd Academy must prevail.

@BackYardScience2000 4 года назад

Homofarnsworth frollocked with the dinosaurs and robots can evolve way faster than humans!

@thetoolexecutive8703 4 года назад

BackYardScience 2000 : Spectacular use of Hubert Farnsworth, circa 3010.

@KUMARUJJWALSINGH 2 года назад

Even after studying a lot and being an archaeologist, sometimes our expressions could be muddled and a very simple video like this could really clear things up for us! Thank you

@WhistleThicket 3 года назад

Love this! Love how PBS eons gives us all the details and shows how wrong ideas and answers can still be valuable to science!

@69TheGG 4 года назад

Thanks eons ! Great show keep up the fantastic work, this directly answered my questions a few weeks ago in comments

@ardiris2715 4 года назад

Taking "I'd hit that!" to extremes.

@TragoudistrosMPH 4 года назад

"Close enough ;) "

@WhatAboutTheBee 4 года назад

Nothing like a little strange

@nothanksthough 4 года назад

No babes like the neanderthal babes

@Bill_Garthright 4 года назад

Are you kidding? We're just lucky human-sheep hybrids aren't a possibility. Now _that's_ taking it to extremes! :)

@ardiris2715 4 года назад

Bill Garthright The sheep hybrids can be found in the Facebook comments of any news page.

@SeungCanFade 4 года назад

I need more PBS Eons! I've watched every single one; love you guys!

@bairklos836 4 года назад

Yet another fascinating, educational video~ Much appreciated!

@itsahellofaname 4 года назад

That's the beauty of science - it isn't afraid to evolve as discoveries are made.

@varunnikam 2 года назад

People who deny evolution always comes up with this arguement: "Where is the missing link of this and that". Bruh that's not how evolution works Lmao 😭😂

@t.c.thompson2359 2 года назад

Or "where are all the Neanderthals".

@YouRegolo 3 года назад

For some reason it is so nice to listen to you. Amazing show and great host.

@KarlBunker 4 года назад

9:02: "C'mere and lemme give you a great big Neanderthal hug!"

@asktheetruscans9857 4 года назад

I thought he once caught a fish thisss big

@MostlyPennyCat 4 года назад

That really really looks like while excavating in a mine they found Raymond Dart. I hear his suit was _very_ will preserved.

@moyen41 4 года назад

Brilliant explanation of the "missing link" thinking, thanks.

@bellaiswijianto9807 2 года назад

It's funny how almost all of my knowledge about evolution and human evolution started from here😂😂

@jamanyoukno 4 года назад

I Love this Channel! always puts a big smile on my face when I come home from work and you guys upload a new video!

@nyar2352 4 года назад

This was brilliant, thank you so much!!! Not just for me as a science nerd, but also for me as a humanities person working on their PhD. The idea of a linear evolution is also very prevalent in my field, and I have been struggling to write something for my methodology chapter that deals with that. This video has inspired me -- to the laptop! 🤓🖖

@MelancholyCrypto 4 года назад

The best video to show to those pesky "Missing link" arguers. Thank you PBS EONS.

@grantjsimon 4 года назад

They still won't believe it

@MelancholyCrypto 4 года назад

@@grantjsimon True

@davehas12 4 года назад

Yer na. This isn’t some magic panacea that does away with the scientific requirement for evidence. The fossil record should be stuffed full of transitional cross Family mutations that happened over millions and millions of years.

@davehas12 4 года назад

Grant Fraser: believe evolutionary theory predated Darwin’s work? Probably not

@TurboImperator 3 года назад

I still don't get it. There should be evidence of something ape-human like. For example, sure hominids interbred later on, but when were they one species? When's the point at which sentience evolved, then spread to different hominids who then interbred. This question is unanswered and the lady makes it like it was

@memyselfi9270 4 года назад

Just when I thought you've covered it all, you upload this fascinating video. Thank you :)

@charlesstuart7290 3 года назад

There were many in America Academia that never bought the Piltdown claims from the beginning.

@gregoryholden835 3 года назад

For those that believe evolutionistic propagation , you may want to research The Singularity and the Big Bang. These two things will have to be true...*if we humans evolved. It seems that even the staunchest advocate for Evolution would take a pause upon research of the Singularity___both the Big Bang and Evolution's antecedent.

@NoName-sz5lu 4 года назад

How long will it take to discover another new way after the braided stream theory. 🐸

@BlackOpsGal 4 года назад

Do a video on the prehistoric gigantic penguin 💗

@LuinTathren 4 года назад

The one that was just discovered? I read about that. I'm 1.62 meters and it was as big as I am.

@LuinTathren 4 года назад

@@JD-el9eo That's just so damn cool. Thanks for the info.

@jacobdominey2133 4 года назад

As an anthropology undergrad I find this channel amazing!

@craigthacker 3 года назад

Thank you for the well researched and presented material. The way these videos are presented is changing how we prepare training videos in the corporate world. Great work.

@DFloyd84 4 года назад

If you can't find the Hero of Hyrule, you have a Missing Link situation.

@OmegaWolf747 4 года назад

Perhaps if our ancestors hadn't interbred with Neanderthals and Denisovans, we wouldn't have made it as far as we have.

@duanesamuelson2256 4 года назад

If you are following the current theories (somewhat supported) the other human lines that inbred with homo sapiens gave survival traits that helped homo sapiens in the new environments.

@AllyrionWW 4 года назад

tatum ergo Wow, there’s no dilemma with miscegenation. Firstly, genetic diversity is generally always a net positive. Do you have a source about these ‘genetic risks’? Secondly, most ideas of race are based on culture and appearance but don’t actually align with differences in genetics. Differences in genetic lineage in humans is not visually apparent. Race is not a meaningful distinction in terms of genetics.

@deepspaceexplorer4265 4 года назад

Or, you could argue the opposite...

@rodfer5406 4 года назад

Yaaaaaay. Please do at least 50% of all shows !!

@CCumva 4 года назад

What a material! We need more of that

@GamersName 4 года назад

I wish school would be like this - interesting

@DemonicGoat117 4 года назад

Infotainment≠Education

@iainhansen1047 4 года назад

Missing links don’t exist since every animal is a link.

@friendofbeaver6636 4 года назад

I researched Piltdown Man over 20 years ago and still learned much from this upload. My research inspired me to do performance poetry calling myself, Piltdown Man. Mocking both poetry and the gullibility of humankind. I delivered stream of consciousness word play and sold poems for "a dime a dozen, custom buttons for a dollar. I made such a splash that a woman half my age fell in love with me for awhile. I clicked, liked, and subscribed.

@rudrapratapbasu5299 3 года назад

Wow, very illuminating. I didn't know about Braided stream!

@murphymcse 2 года назад

I seriously love you guys. The drive to battle ignorance never ends because what counts as ignorance is always changing. You guys help all us amatuers stay closer to the bleeding edge of what is known-and THAT deeply meaningful work will also never end. Thank you.

@MrCmon113 4 года назад

There is definitely intermediate species though. But they aren't be between humans and apes. Humans are apes; indeed apes are defined as animals similar to us. They are between humans and our latest common ancestor with chimpanzees.

@Monkicos Год назад

They really thought we were Pokémon and tried to find the middle evolution stage-

@inadamquate 2 года назад

Maybe the missing link was the friends we made along the way

@hugo9846 4 года назад

Just don't send me to Space and Time. That channel is hard and scary.

@Azzeyman25 4 года назад

"Pathetic earthlings. Hurling your bodies out into the void, without the slightest inkling of who or what is out here. If you had known anything about the true nature of the universe, anything at all, you would've hidden from it in terror." Emperor Ming

@alanchoichang8336 4 года назад

like.. get out of my head.. XD

@limiv5272 4 года назад

It's Spacetime

@destree6348 4 года назад

Jason the Historian I read this in my head with a Disney villain-like voice, starting it off with a villain laugh 😂 That's how I imagine him doing it! 😂😂😂 I'm realizing I think I may like history and science more than I actually thought I did 😳😂

@acoupleofschoes 4 года назад

I don't know that it's strictly natural history, but I'd love to see a video on the development/evolution of art throughout our early history. When was the earliest evidence of different "styles" of art, or individuality? Are there early examples that are believed to be from apprentices or some kind of practice? Different mediums - the first paintings, the first sculptures, etc.

@MIKE2111ful 4 года назад

It's called art history you can even get a degree on just that subject 😂

@acoupleofschoes 4 года назад

@@MIKE2111ful I mean everything on this channel is anthropology or paleontology. You can get degrees in those too. I just haven't.

@Lerotan 4 года назад

thank you everybody who worked on this! it is always really interesting, and I enjoy watching these :) super informative wow! it makes me more interested in certain topics I wasn't before, because I simply didn't understand and it also helps when playing quiz games haha :D

@ibnfuzzayd 4 года назад

This was super fascinating. Great video

@totalfreedom45 4 года назад

*_Nothing_* beats the greatest brainchild of the human brain-the scientific method, whose solid yet pliable backbone is the fusing of criticism, rigorous skepticism, and above all the consuming curiosity of a child. 💕 ☮ 🌎 🌌

@ripme6616 4 года назад

totalfreedom45 yeah and "collective" agreement. We're still only scratching surface no pun intended

@davehas12 4 года назад

Not to mention imaginative supposition to fill the void of a tenable alternative! :)

@destree6348 4 года назад

totalfreedom45 Exactly!!! Couldn't have said it better myself. Finding this channel has got me excited about life again. I know that may sound corny, but after years of bad anxiety and depression and addiction, I take my wins when I can get them

@totalfreedom45 4 года назад

@@destree6348 Very cool! 👏 Have plenty of sex and LOVE, sense of humor, eight hours of sleep, plenty of exercise and sunshine, no drugs (including vaping, tobacco, and alcohol), no fast food, no junk food, no tattooing.... 😀

@Hecatonicosachoron 4 года назад

Episodes on evolutionary theory, as in actual theory, are probably the best Most interesting topic I’d say

@BXJ-mi9mm 4 года назад

It is also a fact.

@Hecatonicosachoron 4 года назад

B5429671 XJ speciation by evolutionary mechanism is a "fact" - in fact it is many many MANY different facts. But the modeling is much broader. It doesn't just describe what is but also many other possibilities of what might be.

@Sedithke 4 года назад

This was a great video, thank you!

@Argacyan 4 года назад

Asking for missing links when there's an abundance of records and analyses for what's going on is very *small cranium volume*

@Protect_all_ljf3forms 4 года назад

Well do understand for the previous scientific model such a thing was nessisary

@dmanzawsome 3 года назад

missing link < transitional fossils

@sarahkalaitzidis2822 4 года назад

Would love to see you guys do something on the titanoboa

@particles343 4 года назад

Braided evolution makes a lot more sense. Thanks for the show and it goes to show you that you learn something new every day.

@coltonbates629 4 года назад

I love you guys and i learn so much. Never change!

@clsmcdonalds 4 года назад

This show is so well timed omg💀

@kerrough Год назад

Do y'all ever cover Waterside Ape theories? I know they're not accepted by mainstream paleoanthropology, but that's what got me interested in this whole topic in the first place when I was a kid so it has a special place in my nerdy lil heart lol

@AnonymousFREEZEpOp1 4 года назад

Man the idea of different variations of hominids would be so interesting to see. We'll never know exactly what they looked like, but it's so fascinating.

@Ploskkky 4 года назад

Another superb video. It is always a pleasure.

@rickcharlespersonal 4 года назад

Braided Stream seems like such an obvious concept, I can't believe I've never thought of evolution this way before. I've still been thinking terms of phylogeny.

@zanziabar5429 4 года назад

It's a shame you didn't mention that they found a fossilised cricket bat along with the remains of Piltdown Man. Not only was the first human from England but he played Cricket as well.

@AR-qy4dd 2 года назад

very well written, congrats to the writer of this video!

@issagahan6693 2 года назад

This taught me a lot, thank you!

@wallykingsborough5811 4 года назад

In 1980, in Intro to Physical Anthro, I wrote a paper that included a chart showing Neanderthal branching off and rejoining the Hominin lineage. I got a C. Now they call it the Braided Stream model. *post edited to correct date to 1980.

@potatotuberdisease3706 3 года назад

Homo sapiens need to evolve for ages before the 'moron gene' is removed

@himanshuwilhelm5534 4 года назад

1:51 -Our origins- The Zelda Timeline

@texxxasred 3 года назад

If you guys wanted to come back and organize this playlist, this would be the perfect first video.

@omarellahi2422 2 года назад

I love the explanation. cleared the dirt left in my thinking of evolution. now then I got the proper explanation to counteract what the people with no knowledge of evolution ask "if humans evolved from monkeys then why are there monkeys" and "where is the species that is in between a human and an ape".