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In This Part :
Living organisms are divided into:
Unicellular organisms
They are living organisms that their bodies consist of one cell only.
Examples: Bacteria.
Multicellular organisms
• They are living organisms that their bodies consist of many cells.
Examples: Humans, plants and animals.
Structure of multicellular organisms bodies :
Let's see the structure of the human body as an example of multicellular organisms:
❶ Whole body
The human body is composed of a group of different systems.
❷ Systems
Each system is composed of a group of different organs to do a certain function.
Examples:
❸ Organs
Each organ is composed of a group of different tissues to perform its own function.
Examples:
❹ Tissues
Each tissue is often composed of a group of similar cells that do the same function.
Examples:
❺ Cells
The human body contains different shapes of animal cells.
Examples:
Cell parts
Most of animal cells and plant cells are composed of some main parts which are:
• Cell membrane (plasma membrane)
• Cytoplasm.
• Nucleus.
• Organelles.
The Functions of Cell Parts
Animal Cell
❶ Cell membrane
It is the outer lining of the cell.
Functions:
1. It protects the cell.
2. It controls the substances that can enter or leave the cell through the "selective permeability" feature.
❷ Mitochondria
They are one of the organelles of the cell.
They are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell.
Function:
They provide the cell with the energy it needs by converting sugar inside the cell into energy
through the "cellular respiration".
❸ Cytoplasm
Function:
It is the gelatinous liquid (thick liquid) inside the cell in which all other cell parts float
❹ Nucleus
Function:
It controls all the cell activities such as:
Formation of proteins.
Cell division to form new cells.
❺ Endoplasmic reticulum
It is one of the organelles of the cell.
Function:
It helps in assembling (collecting) and transporting proteins inside the cell to build and repair the cell.
❻ Golgi apparatus
It is one of the organelles of the cell.
Function:
It helps in packing and transporting different materials:
between the cells.
out of the cell.
بالتوفيق
مستر احمد الباشا
30 сен 2023
