Interesting! If battery manufacturers were made financially responsible for the recycling then there would be more motivation to standardize batteries for the recycling process.
maybe in the future the manufactureres will be recycling their own batteries so it could be easy to recycle them. Ex. Tesla having a recycling plant. They can automate the human labor part since they have a few types of batteries and it can easily be automated. They wouldn't have to worry about so many different type of batteries.
I think that's where government is need as an intermediary to create policies that standardize batteries for recycling process as well as balance for future innovation.
I agree. Most likely raise the price of batteries, maybe not double. I think it's a question of our societal values. Value short-term production at low expense or a long-term sustainable approach at a larger expense in the short-term. I think government should be involved, because I don't think industry would self initialize standards.
Here in Ukraine we are buying lots of damaged(totaled) Tesla cars from US. Some are restored others are dismantled to parts. Batteries often reused as home batteries or rebuilt as battery packs for FPV drones sent to unwanted guests coming from the east.
The process shown here are not unlike the process to turn the ore that's mined into the original raw materials, that's something that rarely is talked about. the main reason this can be more expensive than mining is that the process are not in scale yet
And they won't be in scale for quite some time. Because there is more ore to go around than discarded batteries. And there will be more ore than waste for _a long time._ Economies of scale will always work in favor of making brand-new goods as opposed to recycling old ones. Recycling can only be competitive when two conditions are met. Condition number one: recycling the material involved less expensive and complex steps than making new material from natural resources. Condition number two: the processes of recycling and producing material are similar enough that you can use much of the same refining equipment for both, even mixing scraps with raw materials in your batches. Glass, steel, and aluminium are among the few materials that fulfill both criteria. Plastics, fine chemicals, and alkaline metals (the critical component of batteries) do not.
@@augustovasconcellos7173at the moment, worldwide there is almost 200X the amount of battery waste compared to battery production capacity. Even the very first generation electric cars are still basically untouched, not being recycled at all. As of now, less than 2% of electric car batteries get recycled, and less than 1% of all total electric car batteries in history have been recycled.
@@augustovasconcellos7173 this is when regulations requiring batteries to be recycled can tip the balance, even if the market by itself would favour mining.
@@augustovasconcellos7173another condition: recycling gets mandatory by law.. (here in Italy the producers of plastic have to pay for recycling it as well, at least the recyclable ones)
@@shadowmistress999 yeah, that is absolutely what he meant, but the list on the screen showed sulfuric acid as (H2S). Which is different, but yes can reduce into that. HF would need fluorine (which I suppose can be present in the black mass).
Which company? What you do there? What's your name? (It's super easy to say stuff on the internet.) Also, how many processes does it take to recycle a gasoline car engine?
Here is a quite crazy idea: Develop und upscale it with constant government subsidies. In Germany, there are massive subsidies for coal, kerosine, I think even for the car industry.
That's a nice idea and I will get behind it however... You are assuming that it is possible to develop a commercially viable process for recycling, before we have a big problem with non recycled batteries and that might not be possible.... Or the process might end up being terrible for the environment...
Have you heard that EU and Germany plan to mine lithium reserves out of Serbia? They partnered up with Rio Tinto to dig out lithium reserves in Serbia, and thus, cause ecoligical disaster... But no one cares, because Serbia is a cesspool of Europe, not enough woke for Europe 🎉
I worked in chemical recycling for 30 years, rogue materials in your inputs can play havoc with the process and can be very difficult to detect. We used shredders at the start of the process which worked very well until a drum of waste from say a car repair shop had a starter motor dropped in it and kiss goodbye to your shredder blades. The recycling industry is very innovative, and I am sure when there are enough scrap batteries available then the process will be sorted.
I have used several shredders for relatively soft material but they have low rpm and torque measurement on the motors so they stop instead of being damaged if there is some hard object that they can't chew.
@@3abxo390 probably the shaft and the bearings. those parts are usually made from hardened steel which can´t be shredded by the hardened steel shredder discs
I worked in R&D on this topic over 5 years. It should first be stated that Li ion batteries have been recycled from portable devices for many years using pyrometallurgy (smelting). The hydromet process described here is fairly conventional and nothing usual, those “hazards” are fairly common and manageable in industry. There are more chemically efficient methods that have been developed recently and you really need to be skilled in the art and read a lot. The main problem I heard was really the supply of batteries from eVs to drive the economics. Unlike a mine where the source of material is well defined, the source material for batteries must be sourced and I saw vertical integration and partnerships with manufacturers to source those batteries as important. There are many recycling companies battling it out right now. The dynamic nature of battery technology is also important, metal thrifting will be employed to lower costs and cheaper storage materials will be developed. This lowers the value of scrap. Most of the challenges lie in the economics and market, not technology.
Thank you for sharing what the actual process really looks like. We need to figure out how to make batteries, that are designed for recycling. maybe make recycling easier and safer for the workers. But recycling in general is a big step!
Have you heard that EU and Germany plan to mine lithium reserves out of Serbia? They partnered up with Rio Tinto to dig out lithium reserves in Serbia, and thus, cause ecoligical disaster... But no one cares, because Serbia is a cesspool of Europe, not enough woke for Europe 🎉
As long as the EU allows one-way vapes and their lithium ion batteries being thrown away (and not recycled), they better come down from their high moral horse, keep their mouth shut and don't whine about percentages of recycled batteries.
The fact so many batteries are findong a second life and being reused as home battery storage is really good! Certainly the question/challenge is in having an industry ready to recycle those batteries when they inevatibly need to be recycled.
This may be good for the environment but when they sell you a battery for your home, they don't tell you it's in fact a used battery, they still sell it as a new one for thousands of dollars. This can be considered a scam.
Li-cycle is the main battery recycling company in the U.S.A. and in Canada. It's only going to get better. Remember it's not just for cars, it's all the battery's in your Amazon products and your phones and more. Cars will be the main source in 5 year. So I'm investing in the stock now.
I hope there is more emphasis placed on repurposing used batteries. There are still new lithium battery chemistries that may soon be marketed. One includes sulfur.
@@Netherlands031 It depends on so many factors and can be different from mine to mine and recycling center to recycling center; and different materials are easier or harder to recycle. Steel is super easy and cheap to recycle, so is aluminum. Both of those metals are recycled all over the world super efficiently because it's cheaper and easier to recycle than it is to mine and refine. This video we are commenting on explains how difficult all these specific materials from batteries are to recycle. They're not like the steel and aluminum that can just be melted down. The biggest reason that it's easier and cheaper to mine is that the industrial infrastructure is already in place at scale and well understood. Nothing new has to be built, it's already in use all over the world. Perhaps in the future when there are more batteries to recycle economies of scale will make it cheaper and easier to recycle these battery components.
@@Netherlands031 The mines produce streams that have a more consistent impurity profile. Also, no one is expecting mines to recover 99 percent of the metal in the ore, if it is not profitable. Practical recycling would be roughly separate the components in the black mass and take the most valuable stream back into the plants that refine the ore at the right spot. You probably wouldn't even remove the acid, since the same acids are probably used in the refining process.
So, from my humble perspective of a bachelors mechanical engineering student, the first logical step for me would be normalization- manufactures should agree on the sizes of the individual batteries, so the robots can be programmed and dismantle them- that would cut out the expensive manual labour. And then maybe, but ofcourse, I don't know how much competetive they want to be, they should agree on which types of the battery fillings to use. I feel like if there will be just few simillar types, that this challenge can be overcome too. But again, I am writing this here just because norms at my field usually do a pretty good job at lowering the cost and effort of designing, manufacturing and selling certain parts....
A lot of the problems you mentioned are reduced when you take SMSs approach (the plant you showed footage of) and sell the plants to the manufacturer. Eg Mercedes has a base level of feedstock, deconstructing their own packs is standard, and they are users of the end product and only need to make a smaller profit on the process as it’s part of an integrated lifecycle with more stable economics.
The even more important question is how much energy does it take to recycle sulfuric acid. Creating brand new sulfuric acid doesn't require a lot of energy since there is energy available in burning sulfur. In addition, processing H2S recovered from desulfurization is a burning process. But recycling acid by burning it to break it back down to SO2 requires an external heat source, like using natural gas to evaporate the water.
Sulfuric acid is one of the most produced commodity chemicals on the planet. The production of it is highly optimized. You typically start from elemental S and react it with O2 which produces lots of heat, so energy input should be relatively low. For a battery recycling process that uses it there are likely ways to purify the solvent at some point, and even recover some from the sulfur containing of-gases to make more Sulfuric acid.
Have you heard that EU and Germany plan to mine lithium reserves out of Serbia? They partnered up with Rio Tinto to dig out lithium reserves in Serbia, and thus, cause ecoligical disaster... But no one cares, because Serbia is a cesspool of Europe, not enough woke for Europe 🎉
Battery manufacturing and recycling standards and policy should be implemented by the central governments across the world. It will make setting up of battery manufacturing, R&D and recycling easy for any company in the country
You should also discuss the relative challenges for mining and separating/purifying the materials. Recycling is challenging but is mining a challenge as well? Even if it is challenging, it appears all the technically issues are solved since it is done on a daily basis already. The one telling comment was that if you get the material for free, you can make lots of profit. If that is the case, it is economically feasible. The cost of the material can be settled by the market. The cost of disposal is either free to dispose of the battery or you potentially get some money for the used battery. No matter how you cut it, it is way better than dumping tons of CO2, toxins and carcinogens into the atmosphere. I would also like to hear what the carbon footprint of recycling is compared to mining.
If there aren't that many batteries to recycle yet, and the materials aren't that expensive, that's actually sort of good news, means there is more time to spend on perfecting the recycling technology, and we aren't anywhere close to hitting the limits of how many EVs can be made. A lot of people in the past claimed that there isn't such and such material to transform all cars to electric, for example. Whether or not that is true, we are clearly not yet hitting those limits, as the materials are still so cheap as to not make recycling that profitable.
@@timothykeith1367 could become more costly? where? in fossil fantasy land? battery prices have been falling like a stone. latest BYD and CATL LFP batteries are being priced at $60/kWh. 10 years ago NMC pack was at $400/kWh.
In my opinion, profitability should not be the determining factor. When a company produces something, it has a responsibility to the environment to ensure its products can be recycled, thereby preventing environmental harm. I believe we humans need to adopt a different mindset: we must stop doing things without considering the consequences and then dealing with the problems later. This way, we avoid situations where 'it is not profitable to…', as profitability should not even be a topic of concern. Inevitably, we end up questioning the value of the environment or life itself, which should never be the case.
This is a relatively new industry, and it's only just ramping up as lots of different vehicle manufacturers are moving from petrol to electric vehicles, and same as with any other new technology that came before, it needs to be standardized
Regarding the basic economics. No, it's not about "how much do you pay when you acquire the material" (8:10) At least not for the overall profitability of recycling. You only pay a lot if other recycling companies are profiting from it. If there is no one who can make use of the old batteries, the price is zero or negative (cost for the waste). Only if the recycling process itself (without the price of the old batteries) is more expensive than the market value of the metals, then there will be no one who would like to recycle it.
Have you heard that EU and Germany plan to mine lithium reserves out of Serbia? They partnered up with Rio Tinto to dig out lithium reserves in Serbia, and thus, cause ecoligical disaster... But no one cares, because Serbia is a cesspool of Europe, not enough woke for Europe 🎉
Thanks for talking about the stuff others do not. I'm tired of one side saying renewables and batteries won't work and the other side saying it's the perfect solution. I just want the real story.
In the UK, companies have regulatory pressure to bring down their Carbon Dioxide Equivalent emissions. They would be incentives to use these kinds of processing plants, and usually, you'd pay for commercial waste to be disposed of. So there's potential here for when/if plants were to become more common of companies to benefit and maybe give the batteries for free.
Answer is obvious - STANDARDIZE. Lets begin with clearly labeling battery cells of what is inside them and in what ratios. In a decade or two we can pick a battery chemistry that is good enough for most use cases, declare is as the only acceptable battery chemistry and optimize our recycling processes for it. Should work fine.
That is one of the goals of the EU standard for battery 'passports'; to ensure each cell is labelled (most likely with a QR code) so that the origin and chemistry can be read at end of life.
It's cheaper to mine at the moment, I should think. Luckily, batteries seem to have very long lives, and EV batteries have a full life after their use in their original role (in static applications).
Except China has almost monopoly on the mining. Recent events have told how much danger there is in becoming dependent on another country for your energy needs. And there are a lot of alternatives for static applications, but not for vehicles
@@dogsbodyish8403 companies make all sorts of announcements. Not necessarily that will be successful. We can't plan on the assumption that will even be commercialised. That would be like divesting from renewables while we wait for nuclear fusion
@@itsmegiorgio CATL are the biggest and most respected supplier of EV car batteries, and their track record for living up to their claims is second to none. You should consult the Electric Viking for more info, but 400k miles is already becoming commonplace anyway, using existing batteries (which have obviously been around for quite a while, so aren't exactly anything new).
@@dogsbodyish8403 that is really good and progress of any kind is always welcome, but I don't think that takes away anything from the fact that anything we produce should be recyclable, even after many reuses and how many miles you squeeze out of them. We're still dealing with finite resources and we've all seen how not taking that into consideration is going
Have you heard that EU and Germany plan to mine lithium reserves out of Serbia? They partnered up with Rio Tinto to dig out lithium reserves in Serbia, and thus, cause ecoligical disaster... But no one cares, because Serbia is a cesspool of Europe, not enough woke for Europe 🎉
There is so much activity happening in the battery recycling space, so companies are limiting what information they release to prevent competitors from taking their ideas. Universities are looking for industrial sponsors so they are more open in getting the information about their process out there.
The problem is: solvents and materials used in the recycling process also need to be recycled. Well initially there is a nice concentrate sulfuric acid but after the process it is dirty and diluted. What to do with it ? To recycle at the place or neutralize with other materials, e.g. limestone and take to landfill behind a factory ( ? ). And don't forget about water which such factories use in large quantities. It also need to be recycled. To recycle water filters are needed. These filters after some time need to be recycled. See where this is going ? To recycle one thing it is needed to recycle six other things. It will be very expensive. Or there could be the other way: all wasted materials dropped to landfills and in waste waters.
Starting by chucking the battery in a shredder, doesn't exactly sound great... Batteries need to be made to be more easily dismantled, and just generally have recycling in mind, during the design.
I agree in principle the batteries (indeed all electronic devices) should be made with recycling in mind. to a certain degree. But shredding the batteries followed by density separation (like the way LiCycle does it) is probably much more economical in long term and at mass scale. Because if there is too much pre-dismantling required then labor costs go up and labor is not cheap especially in western countries.
Many recycling operations start with a shredder, it is often more cost effective than manual dismantling. Cars, domestic appliances, electronics, car tyres etc. I used them for many years.
@@SocialDownclimber 1. All parts are physical 2. How is shredding everything (and thereby mixing everything together) a good way of separating the different materials? 3. How/why is a more destructive method, perfect?
@@SocialDownclimber They are components, they're physical, they're physical components. _"Shredding is a good way of separating materials because the materials are separated chemically"_ How is it not way better, to separate them physically, without having to bother with the chemical stuff? _"A 'more destructive' method is perfect because it extracts a higher proportion of the valuable materials."_ How is destroying and mixing materials, something that lets you get more of the separate materials?
@@SocialDownclimber _"No, they are not physical components. They are chemical components."_ ...which are physical. As all chemical components are. _"Destroying the materials allows them to be chemically extracted"_ Why do that *_with the whole battery,_* rather than separating the separate components? And then deal with the separate pieces, which have mostly X element, which will then be far easier to extract, than if you mixing everything together, and have to separate a great multitude of elements, from the same mixed pile. How you have failed to get, that this is my whole point and/or refuse to address this point... _"it really seems like you are one of those people who doesn't want to understand reality, but instead wants to publicly misunderstand reality in the face of the facts, for whatever reason."_ ...says the person who can't explaining anything, or understanding a word I've said? It seems you accusing others, of what it is actually you who are doing... _"I'll go find one of those people now."_ I always find it rather pathetic, when people *_CLAIM_* that they are leaving a conversation ...when the fact that they wrote a long response, before making that claim, proves that statement to be a lie.
Until like 5 minutes ago, there were no real incentive to recycle these batteries. Now, EV are there to stay, the incentive will only grow. For all the challenged mentioned, there are thousand of engineers that goes to sleep at night to prove us that there is a way.
Its all about business: its more ecological to use rechargable batteries for 10-15 years, but using active balancers to improve their durability, but not to throw them after 2-5 years of expluatation and then recycle.
Laws should mandate battery form factors just as we have for 12v. Similarly 12v batteries have a high recycling rate, we can do this for EV batteries. Making them a closed loop
Well that’s good news there aren’t that much batteries to recycle in a first place. Also apart from material recycling, using it as a power wall storage may also be considered as a recycling. But it’s much easier and more beneficial so let’s just keep that also in mind.
When I see images of old batteries being shredded I always think the same, ¿Wouldn't be better to disasemble it piece by piece? I mean, every piece is made of separated elements, why shred the battery as a whole, when you could treat each of the separated pieces? A lot of energy was used in separate those elements to make those different parts and components during the fabrication process, why mix all of that together again, just to separate the elements again shortly after. I can't believe that it's cheaper this way, to be honest... 🤔
Safety issues, time, cost, energy consumed during the process. Have you ever dismantled a large battery? It's not ment to come apart 😂 it's hard work and potentially dangerous
Remove 95% of the impurities or get product that is 95% pure? It's a big difference-- curious to know! Also, would love to see their papers in the description!
I'm no battery scientist but why do we shred and mix everything down to powder form and then find ways to separate. Is it like impossible to separate cathode and anode? Just asking. Can't we just charge the battery 100% and recover Lithium Cathode? Idk I think physical separation might be expensive because of human intervention but it seems to be easier option to me.
Graphite can't recycled and is classified as finite material. Graphite is pretty complex. Natural graphite can vary much in it's quality. Synthetic graphite is better but dirty and energy demanding to make. Petcoke, tar and slack are blended together in steam heated blenders and during high temperatures and high currencies this plastic mass is turned into graphite. Right now there's no market for recycled lithium carbonate, It's thrown away like waste
The biggest differnce in price for battery materials is one that the consumers of these ressources, i.e. battery producers, don't really like to talk about. Materials recovery and battery recycling are, at least for the time being, developed and performed by highly skilled personnel in high-income regions. Mining of raw materials depends heavily on EXPLOITATION, not only of the Earth but also of the workers doing it. This, besides the technical challenges of recycling, is why mining is so profitable in comparison.
It isn’t very informative to visit a University rather than a commercial facility. Nobody would even expect a University to have solved scalability and efficiency issues.
Have you heard that EU and Germany plan to mine lithium reserves out of Serbia? They partnered up with Rio Tinto to dig out lithium reserves in Serbia, and thus, cause ecoligical disaster... But no one cares, because Serbia is a cesspool of Europe, not enough woke for Europe 🎉
Title could also have been: The progress being made in recycling car batteries. But no, always negativity with very normal scaling issues. Fossil fuel companies happy again.
What was clear was that if the recycler got the batteries for free they made a lot of money. That's good news as it means there is a instant market for an old and dead battery so people will cash the battery in rather than dump them. Maybe the recycling of batteries will just happen naturally and not require massive Government intervention / subsidies etc etc.
No doubt. for years they also lied about recycling glass. We'd put the bottles in our recycling, or bring them in for deposite, and yet they'd still end up in the land fill for years. Then they finally scrapped glass bottles.
Have you heard that EU and Germany plan to mine lithium reserves out of Serbia? They partnered up with Rio Tinto to dig out lithium reserves in Serbia, and thus, cause ecoligical disaster... But no one cares, because Serbia is a cesspool of Europe, not enough woke for Europe 🎉
the difference is that soft plastics are challenging since new plastic is so cheap. at least with batteries, the cost of manufacturing new batteries are already very expensive, so there’s a good chance recycled batteries could potentially be cheaper than having to mine for new materials
I get it, but don't like that the title suggests far more issues than the content--someone just looking at the title could miss the reality that the problems in recycling EV batteries are totally solvable. So many folks out there believing misinformation that battery recycling is impossible and EVs are worse than ICE (which is disastrously wrong).
"and recycling is better than mining them and just throwing them away" Why do you think that's the case? Its cheaper to mine than recycle for now, at some point that will change but not for now
Any recycling is driven by economics: if the recycled material is more expensive than the fresh material, it's not likely to be adopted ( unless it's a PR stunt, like plastic recycling)
To be fair I think it makes much more sense to give car batteries a second life as grid storage as the performance requirements are lower, like obviously they will then come to end of life there and then actual recycling makes sense, and there will be some cells that wont meet the grade for a second life also.
If there aren't many batteries to recycle because they're being reused, or because they last longer, then I'd say that's a good thing. Reusing is always better than recycling.
well yeah a chemical battery is not economically viable to recycle in any way whatsoever. Unlike lead acid that actually has value and is easy to recycle.
Battery recycling is not an issue. We have been doing it since we started making lithium ion cells. The process can get better but it’s pretty good now.
Recovering cobalt and nickel won't be necessary, EV industry is moving towards LFP as standard. Maybe nickel and cobalt batteries should even be phased out by regulators to speed this process.
I detect the intention of the writer to make the processes seem much more difficult and problematic than they actually are. With such pretense we could make any benign process seem insurmountably difficult.
I think they said that's true for the lab and to get great results with low energy usage. Industrial scale processes may use more heat and energy and less chemicals.
Hyper-individual transport will never save the world, how ever efficient the processes behind it become. The underlying real problem (too many individual vehicles needing too much resources, while transporting the least amount of people/goods) still isn't solved. But, yeah: have fun pushing the hyper-capitalist idea, that EVs are a solution (albeit, to what "problem"?). Sad...
Used engine oil is filtered and reused. By and large an ICE from a car is melted down and the metals separated out and it all gets fed back into the furnaces and reused. Very little of the engines goes to landfill. What hasn't rusted out of the body will also get smelted and reused. (Same as for a new generation EV.)
rmember the 3 R's. Reduce Reuse Recycle Before Recycling we should think about Reducing using less batteries, better technologies and longer lifespans. Before Recycling we should also think about Reusing, use the old batteries for other purposes such as toys, grid storage, solar arrays and others. After all this then we can talk about Recycling.
What you missed is that it is far, far easier to recover the metals that are in a Li ion battery from a dead Li ion battery, than it is to recover those metals from any natural ore being mined on earth. For one thing, most of the very difficult separations have already been done. Li ion batteries for instance don't contain any Mg, Ca, K or Na, whereas Li brines contain these metals and a major part of the effort in recovering Li from brines is keeping the product from being contaminated by these metals. Furthermore, the mass of metal per tonne of "black mass" is far higher than the mass of metal per tonne of ore or even per tonne of ore concentrate from many mined ores. As someone quite familiar with the commercial production of Ni, Co, Cu and Li from their ores or brines, I'm not at all concerned about whether or not we can figure out how to achieve high recycling metal recovery rates from Li ion batteries. As to the economics, you did identify the real problem, which is that the supply of dead batteries will take a long time to materialize and hence it will be a long while until we have enough dead batteries to feed world-scale recycling facilities which achieve good economics for their owners.
My understanding is that they try not to separate the lithoum from the nickle, manganese and cobalt, jusr extract the carbin out and then try to market the resulting blend for use in similar technologies of batteeies or ti dilute it with fresh mayerial ti meet the blends needed for newer bayteey technologies that use different mixes. Of course there are other technologies that simply use blends of different elements all together such as the LiFePo batteeies popular with Chinese EV msnufacturers and the numerous upcoming technologies which have already showed in some production EV's such as sodium ion and solid state. Basically with the rapidly changing technologies, sure you could recycle the mayerials from a lithium ion battery but you may not have a market to sell what you teclaimed to once you've reclaimed it. And to those who say we recycle lead acid batteries effectively as an argument for recycling EV batteries, look at how we do so, we dump the electrolyte into a tank, wash and disassemble the plates and the container, file down the plates, replacing them if they can no longer be refurbished by filing them down, inspect and patch the case, replacing it if it's too damaged, reassemble, test the electrolyte, diluting with new electrolyte if there are too much impurities and pour the electrolytes back into the battery. The recycling simply isn't very sophisticated, it's not cradle to grave recycling and it's labour intensive. The recycling of lead acid batteries is not a metric that argues for recycling the batteeies in EV's and are only practical because lead acid battery technologies have not changed significantly in over a century.
I'm no scientist, but applying my basic high school-level knowledge of chemistry and physics to this video, I can see that the amount of energy it takes to recycle an electric vehicle's battery far outstrips the energy savings from driving said electric vehicle. That energy has to come from somewhere, and it's mostly coming from fossil fuel. So, ultimately, at least in their current form, electric vehicles have a far worse to the environment and the energy balance than even the most polluting ICE vehicles.
Have you heard that EU and Germany plan to mine lithium reserves out of Serbia? They partnered up with Rio Tinto to dig out lithium reserves in Serbia, and thus, cause ecoligical disaster... But no one cares, because Serbia is a cesspool of Europe, not enough woke for Europe 🎉
Enjoyed the video again, so well done. If you follow the maxim of reduce, reuse and only last recycle, then it's good EV batteries are lasting longer and then being repurposed as home batteries. I'm hopeful the issues covered will be solved over time. Eventually we'll be driving a lot of EVs, so that is still a lot of material.
So what I'm hearing is that these industries need to be subsidised? I would rather this industry receive more subsidies than the fossil fuel industry. ... and yes, I understand that in the end, someone will get rich by ensuring profits, but I would rather worry about that once the global climate disaster gets averted or its impacts lessened. We need legistlation to pass for this.
Thanks for this as it is interesting. Could you put on your list what is happening to vehicle to grid as that has a potential to provide a lot of storage capacity that would be very useful please?
The Achilles' heel of lots of potentially revolutionary new tech: going from the lab proof-of-concept to sustainable, scalable and economically viable process or product.
Dear all, please read about Jadar mine and Rio Tinto's plan to use around 1-3 olympic pools of concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4) for Jadarite (ore that contains lithium) refinement. An interesting fact, the formula of Jadarite is similar to Kryptonite 😁 Jadar area is located in Western Serbia, and is near Drina river (Drina is a part of Danube watershed). And Jadar area has one of the most fertile soils in Serbia.
Well, not to be disagreeable but, spent fuel rod can also be recycled. 90% of the potential energy still remains. Some of the current reactors use spent fuel .
