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The science behind the myth: Homer's "Odyssey" - Matt Kaplan 

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Homer's "Odyssey" recounts the adventures of the Greek hero Odysseus during his journey home from the Trojan War. Though some parts may be based on real events, the encounters with monsters, giants and magicians are considered to be complete fiction. But might there be more to these myths than meets the eye? Matt Kaplan explains why there might be more reality behind the "Odyssey" than many realize.
Lesson by Matt Kaplan, animation by Mike Schell.

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9 ноя 2015

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Комментарии : 708   
@Germania9
@Germania9 8 лет назад
So Odysseus and his crew were high the whole time? Does this explain how they meet a Cyclops or listen to Sirens?
@Germania9
@Germania9 8 лет назад
Whatever they're ingesting makes them waaaaay too creative in their storytelling.
@mr.q337
@mr.q337 8 лет назад
+Zedfinite You know, being out in the open sea for too long can give you some hallucination. Just go out and ask some fisherman nowaday and you got difference kind of crazy stories already :))))
@nerdnation1076
@nerdnation1076 8 лет назад
+Sand Shadow Actually after looking it up Jimson Weed is also known as Angles Trumpet which has been used/known to cause someone to forget and cause someone to hallucinate
@copperdaylight
@copperdaylight 8 лет назад
+Anton K but greeks are seafarers and traders. there may be a loose evidence they might have heard of these herbs, by word of mouth from others.
@xianghai1
@xianghai1 8 лет назад
+Anton K I feel that when they refer to Jimson's Weed, they're referring to the entire genus, not just the single species in North America. All members of the genus have the same hallucinatory effect, and there is a species native to Tunisia, which would have been very accessible to the Greek.
@matthewlaing5245
@matthewlaing5245 7 лет назад
I've always heard the plant Hermes gives Odysseus was "Holy Moly" hence where we get the expression from
@ronaldmullis8636
@ronaldmullis8636 7 лет назад
Matthew Laing It would be holy if given by the gods so technically it could be called Holy Moly.
@jamesdriscoll7800
@jamesdriscoll7800 7 лет назад
I Randomly Post Everything I agree
@PotionsMaster666
@PotionsMaster666 6 лет назад
Ohhhhh.... Now I know . Thnx
@BuilderB08
@BuilderB08 3 года назад
I think that it is from holy guacamole, and holy moly is short for that. Maybe
@maxpowers4436
@maxpowers4436 2 года назад
Nah it comes from "Holy Moses" just a minced up "clean" version. Was a popular saying with old superheros.
@iamclassicforlife
@iamclassicforlife 8 лет назад
Please can you do more episodes like this? Uncovering the truths in myths and legends?
@asaavedra0327
@asaavedra0327 8 лет назад
You might like a show that was on the history channel called "Clash of the Gods." In it they go over popular myths and the historical events that may have caused it. They have 2 episodes that go really deep into The Odyssey.
@iamclassicforlife
@iamclassicforlife 8 лет назад
asaavedra0327 Yeah, I saw the show :) I love it and wish they'd make more!
@hihikhkh789
@hihikhkh789 6 лет назад
"Myths are just truths we've forgotten."
@CrimeanHorseArcher
@CrimeanHorseArcher 6 лет назад
I highly recommend you to read 'The hero with a thousand faces' by J. Campbell
@gsom7
@gsom7 4 года назад
Euhemerism - myths are distorted accounts of real historical events, history in disguise
@Rustyrc83
@Rustyrc83 7 лет назад
Is it possible that the telling of the Odyssey was a way for people to remember how to take care of themselves, when not every home had manuscripts or every town a healer? If you tell this tale to children, as they go through life they remember how Odysseus overcame his obstacles and therefore can overcome their own.
@Adriana.Gabriela
@Adriana.Gabriela 6 лет назад
RustyRC83 Rc some stories could have had that purpose, even if it wasn't intentional. But it is generally thought that the Odyssey came about just as many other Greek stories did - as a way to entertain the crowds. During early Greek history, especially the Greek Dark Age (so somewhat before the Odyssey was written down), travelling poets (rhapsodes, something similar to bards) were really popular in Greece. Many (or all) of the stories they were telling basicall had the same structure and same fillers, which served as an easier way to remember the story, so you can retell it a bunch of times. These fillers and structure are visible in both the Illiad and the Odyssey and some other myths that were written down (but with the latter, mostly fillers are visible because they weren't always written in verse). Anyway, some other details of the stories often changed because the stories were long, and it was hard to remember everything without writing it down (which they didn't do), plus the same basic story was retold by more than one bard. That's why you have more than one version for basically every Greek myth, including the Odyssey (because 'Homer's Odyssey' is only one version, but the most well known one). And among the things that changed sometimes were the descriptions of plants, so I doubt the main purpose of the stories was what you said, but I definitely agree that it had a part. After all, many myths and stories in various folklores were more or less cautionary tales.
@tamaradimarco878
@tamaradimarco878 5 лет назад
It's more than that. The Iliad and the Odyssey are like an enciclopedia: they contained all the knowledge of the ancient Greek civilization of circa 700/600BC, from plants (such as in this case), to society (like in the Odyssey, where almost every class of the society is described) to other more practical tasks as to how to build a raft (again in the Odyssey).
@josiemakes
@josiemakes 4 года назад
I had the same thought!
@obiwanfisher537
@obiwanfisher537 Год назад
Eh, doubt it's that sophisticated really. But fun fact: Homer probably was only the first guy to write the story down, because these tales were usually memorised and told by bards and passed on verbally only. Which is evidenced by known traditions, and the fact that the tale is a lot more captivating told than read. There is a little bit of science behind it, but the gist is: It's nicer to listen to it, than to read it.
@CybeargPlays
@CybeargPlays 8 лет назад
I love the art in this! Fantastic.
@hanruihuang1403
@hanruihuang1403 8 лет назад
Odyseeus is usually depicted with a beard
@HiAdrian
@HiAdrian 8 лет назад
*+CybeargPlays* Reminds me a bit of _Another World_.
@wolfvoigt5497
@wolfvoigt5497 7 лет назад
Hanrui Huang It is Art ;) It is free of interpretation
@ferosiety
@ferosiety 6 лет назад
bricknose tru
@bushrabegum7219
@bushrabegum7219 6 лет назад
bricknose mee tooooooo
@MrFuntzel
@MrFuntzel 7 лет назад
I think all fables and stories hide a truth in them that people often do not attempt to look for or consider. As language, slang and poetic meaning changes throughout the centuries, many of the old stories we have heard and thought of as entirely made up possibly hide very important truths and knowledge within them.
@snowwonder9814
@snowwonder9814 7 лет назад
I agree. Also, I love your username.
@KateKongummibears
@KateKongummibears 7 лет назад
SnowLeopard84 fangirl lol yeah
@jamesdriscoll7800
@jamesdriscoll7800 7 лет назад
Vbgbcvtthfhtf
@britneybain8383
@britneybain8383 4 года назад
They used to be considered truth, but modern times translate things differently thus turning them into seemingly fiction
@extermannatre4274
@extermannatre4274 4 года назад
qht you just said sounded very deep and meaningful and barely understood any of it lol
@MrC0MPUT3R
@MrC0MPUT3R 8 лет назад
Odysseus did Molly guys...
@LazyOtaku
@LazyOtaku 8 лет назад
I didn't know your mother was named Molly. :p
@MrC0MPUT3R
@MrC0MPUT3R 8 лет назад
ThisisNOTCONNECTED TOMYRU-vid Oh man. Anyone got some ice?
@mollyedmonds5323
@mollyedmonds5323 8 лет назад
Does this mean I'm bad, because my name is Molly...
@primalgroundon9690
@primalgroundon9690 7 лет назад
Moly*
@MythopoeicNavid
@MythopoeicNavid 7 лет назад
It should mean that you were a gift from a gods, and have the power to stop poisonous witches.
@adityakhanna113
@adityakhanna113 8 лет назад
When the lesson writer narrates, it always makes me feel better... a change, once in a while, is good
@maxim3830
@maxim3830 5 лет назад
So, Odysseus and his pals went on a drug vacation, and The Odyssey turns out to be an encrypted map with all the addresses of recommended dealers? Wow. Never thought of that. Pretty cool stuff.
@GLASSB182
@GLASSB182 2 года назад
A year long vacation! They sure enjoyed themselves for the time, and without even realizing the time they spent. Yeah, totally.
@hanbigim
@hanbigim Год назад
yes
@calebhowells1116
@calebhowells1116 4 года назад
Tim Severin attempted to recreate the journey in an authentic boat from the era, and he identified numerous real features along the way which could have led to the legendary features in the story
@gdayriz
@gdayriz 6 лет назад
Please do The Illiad!
@elphaba4674
@elphaba4674 4 года назад
"To good to be true". That pretty much sums up most of the Greek mythos
@polivier0
@polivier0 8 лет назад
I want more of this. Explain the whole book!
@KateKongummibears
@KateKongummibears 7 лет назад
I just love the way you guys make everything so simple to understand.
@fignewton22of2015
@fignewton22of2015 7 лет назад
They was popping Molly back in Odyssey's time ?!?
@sickening2879
@sickening2879 7 лет назад
Fig Newton AYYYE THEY KNEW HOW TO GET TUUUUUUUUUUURNT THOOOOO
@what6563
@what6563 6 лет назад
they were feeling like rockstars
@toncitos
@toncitos 5 лет назад
That's why it took them so much to get back home, the Bros were chasin the dragon
@laureleiwolf
@laureleiwolf 4 года назад
Doc Fig shook
@nolanknight4162
@nolanknight4162 4 года назад
Moly
@cliospitzer2731
@cliospitzer2731 7 лет назад
Love it! I study archeology, so at University this is considered to be basic knowledge, it's great to see, that so many people watch and like these videos. Hopefully this will make people like me getting less bullied in school, because greek mythology is definitely not boring or useless.
@Jamil1989
@Jamil1989 4 года назад
Very interesting. This shows how myth, legend, stories and reality are conected at a certsin degree. I immediately remembered about the "snowdrop" from Stardust having similar "counter effect" to an ailment as stated here.
@maymiller3639
@maymiller3639 5 лет назад
Oh My God I've been binge watching all of these and now its the end I NEED MORE GUYS
@Dayz3O6
@Dayz3O6 8 лет назад
Odysseus aka Man of Many Devices. Or should I say "Nobody"...
@GooffyxXxGRxXx
@GooffyxXxGRxXx 8 лет назад
+Dayz 3O6 thats not what πολυμηχανος means...but a man of many tricks.
@Dayz3O6
@Dayz3O6 8 лет назад
***** I've read the Iliad and that is one of his title. The other being "King of Ithaka" and "Odysseus the cunning".
@GooffyxXxGRxXx
@GooffyxXxGRxXx 8 лет назад
no you misunderstood me. i mean "Man of Many Devices" in greek is πολυμηχανος,which really means a man of many tricks and not of many devices.
@Dayz3O6
@Dayz3O6 8 лет назад
***** I think the book mistranslated it.
@GooffyxXxGRxXx
@GooffyxXxGRxXx 8 лет назад
Dayz 3O6 could be
@kevinjjohnson
@kevinjjohnson 8 лет назад
An excellent connection of the ancient masterpiece with contemporary science.
@Krisostomo25
@Krisostomo25 7 лет назад
this should be a series for other fictional stories it would be awesome
@what4845
@what4845 5 лет назад
in the book of "Adventures in Human Being" Gavin Francis mentions about how Homeros describes battles at Iliad in a very specific way. So the book is about body parts and when Gavin is talking about collarbone he quotes from Iliad and mentions how Homeros knew nerves and stuff to be wrote in that specific way.
@AMcGrath82
@AMcGrath82 6 лет назад
This is amazingly eye-opening. Thank you.
@skmk88
@skmk88 2 месяца назад
Locals knew of these herbs and was simply common knowledge, that a gifted writer would absolutely use it in a good story, such as this one.
@raashiraghunath6889
@raashiraghunath6889 8 лет назад
This makes perfect sense, and today reconstructing myths is all the rage. In India, there is such a diverse mythological background to everything we do, and it's origins are now coming to focus. Look up Devdutt Pattanaik and his books, on the Ramayan and Mahabharat, they are absolutely fascinating.
@mariabal1428
@mariabal1428 6 лет назад
The animation & art here is amazing!
@Alyenbird
@Alyenbird 8 лет назад
I read a book about early medicine in which the herb moly was translated as garlic. Garlic has a black root when subjected to a carmelization process (Google black garlic), it has a white or purple compound flower head (color depends on variety) and it was thought to be proof against magic and evil supernatural creatures. I wish I could remember which book it was. I will cite it if I remember or come across the book again.
@estebanr7917
@estebanr7917 5 лет назад
Did you remember
@amitjoshi3534
@amitjoshi3534 Год назад
Waiting for you to remember
@shraman224
@shraman224 2 года назад
Please ! Please ! Please make more videos like this, on other epic poems or myths.
@tabeeramjad7324
@tabeeramjad7324 6 лет назад
Awesome!!! I really appreciate your this humble effort!!
@marleenneil7542
@marleenneil7542 Год назад
Great Explanation
@jodracona2722
@jodracona2722 4 года назад
If you want to know more about the herbs given by Hermes and similar truths behind myths, I highly suggest you read “Science of the Magical” by Matt Kaplan. It’s very good and quite witty. It feels not like a textbook or a scientific report, but rather a series of stories, told by someone with a joyous fascination.
@alexx7910
@alexx7910 8 лет назад
awesome! never even thought of it this way
@ahmedhegazy699
@ahmedhegazy699 2 года назад
Need more episodes and examples on the science behind myths, please!
@waleedalam7927
@waleedalam7927 8 лет назад
Please do more scientific interpretations of myths.
@MoCa1979Jr
@MoCa1979Jr 2 года назад
This story gives an entirely new meaning to "popping molly".
@rolandjanssen6086
@rolandjanssen6086 5 лет назад
Great video
@tucker8071
@tucker8071 7 лет назад
Wow it makes those ancient myths 10x more magical.
@iraklisk6288
@iraklisk6288 3 года назад
an absolutely fantastic video
@jarekwrzosek2048
@jarekwrzosek2048 21 день назад
Also, the famous pair of monsters that Odysseus encountered Scylla and Charybdis were propably natural phenomenons. Scylla was a rocky reef by the shore of Sicily, and Charybdis was a neighbouring maelstrom.
@calessie3401
@calessie3401 6 лет назад
This was great... Looking forward to see Ondine's curse art
@fsw1471
@fsw1471 7 лет назад
Fascinating! A great example of how important knowledge was recorded and preserved in mythology by our remote - and remarkably smart - ancestors. More ancient science at Homer the Astronomer-1 and Homer-the-Astronomer-2
@Keti_Mporta
@Keti_Mporta 3 года назад
With time, stories become myths, myths become legends. Most myths have a base in reality, but the older the story, the more "mythical" the telling becomes and the original events are harder to identify. We can still easily see that today in a nutshell with the "broken phone" exercise.
@MatlabG
@MatlabG 6 лет назад
What a wonderful animation 😍
@spiros1994
@spiros1994 8 лет назад
Very nice lesson...I learn more from here than in school I was attending..
@CarmelaMiles
@CarmelaMiles 8 лет назад
Ahhh! Reminded me of my teacher back when I was 13.
@CarmelaMiles
@CarmelaMiles 8 лет назад
MrMac5150 Lol... I'm way passed 15. I sent a message to my English teacher after watching this video.
@hkheyreddine
@hkheyreddine 8 лет назад
Amazing illustrated animaltion
@AhmedGhazwan
@AhmedGhazwan 8 лет назад
Very Cool. And great Artwork.
@sarahzaritsky1629
@sarahzaritsky1629 8 лет назад
I love your vids because I'm leaning so much and its fun to learn because of the little cartoon
@saelbennoa6226
@saelbennoa6226 8 лет назад
Too quiet audio, you should make it a bit louder generally
@malaanandakumar2906
@malaanandakumar2906 5 лет назад
I know this is 3 years in the future but you are so right !
@jacobwiessner7650
@jacobwiessner7650 4 года назад
@@malaanandakumar2906 I know this is 2 months in the future but you are also right.
@michelle-sz3wj
@michelle-sz3wj 4 года назад
@@jacobwiessner7650 I know this is 4 days in the future, but I don't agree 😂
@curiousbench
@curiousbench 4 года назад
jacob wiessner I know this is 4 months in the future but you are also right!
@The1234567890ashish
@The1234567890ashish 4 года назад
@@curiousbench I know this is one day in the future but you are right too!
@Abelhawk
@Abelhawk 5 лет назад
Fascinating!
@what6563
@what6563 6 лет назад
when I woke up today I didn't expect to become absolutely shooketh
@santiagomazza5423
@santiagomazza5423 4 года назад
It helped us very much dude
@idoesstuffs5374
@idoesstuffs5374 3 года назад
You know its good content when they pronounce everything right ✅
@JoaqoSkater1
@JoaqoSkater1 3 года назад
This is amazing
@coeynchoi
@coeynchoi 8 лет назад
Can you guys upload more riddles? I love trying to figure them out and telling them to my friends
@marcoszarate3241
@marcoszarate3241 8 лет назад
Awesome videos man👍🏻
@LughSummerson
@LughSummerson 8 лет назад
+Marcos Zarate Awesome epics, Homer.
@jericcayoung4087
@jericcayoung4087 5 лет назад
Thank you so much
@xuxu4068
@xuxu4068 5 лет назад
More myths! Please
@patricia.sews.sometimes
@patricia.sews.sometimes 7 лет назад
I'm relating this part of the Odyssey to the scene in the movie "O, brother where art thou?" (Which was actually based off of the Odyssey.) When one of the sirens at the river are feeding Everett poison.
@woody500z
@woody500z 8 лет назад
Highly glorious!
@Sneakyshrimp
@Sneakyshrimp 8 лет назад
I looked up the plant and we have it in Holland as well. It's called a sneeuwklokje (litteral translation: snowclock). Pretty neat :)
@nhaikof7056
@nhaikof7056 8 лет назад
Do one for Illiad!
@brookereutinger5063
@brookereutinger5063 8 лет назад
Good timing
@donovanhowell9831
@donovanhowell9831 6 лет назад
This blew my mind
@171QA
@171QA 8 лет назад
Fascinating.
@rossplendent
@rossplendent 8 лет назад
I really like the idea of ancient cultures using myths to convey information. It would certainly make sense from an evolutionary perspective; our brains are built to recall stories, much more so than facts, and the major advantage humans had that allowed them to build complex societies was our ability to build upon previous knowledge by inter-generational transmission of information. Storytelling could have evolved as a way to easily convey pertinent information, such as which plants could cure which illnesses. Obviously this theory isn't really falsifiable, but it's still a nice thought.
@yatharthshah
@yatharthshah 2 года назад
That is true. Ancient cultures knew many things that got lost to us due to the dark middle ages, and we are just researching them now.
@elliottpaine9259
@elliottpaine9259 Год назад
Great lesson woven into this story. Ironic that ecstasy is tag named " molly" as well. LOL
@localhost0148
@localhost0148 8 лет назад
it's fascinating how people can dislike Ted videos specially this kind....
@brianseymour5191
@brianseymour5191 8 лет назад
It's one of those books I probably need to read like "The Divine Comedy" and "Finnegan's Wake".
@egegokturk7740
@egegokturk7740 3 года назад
sounds to me like they got drunk and blamed the lady
@RavensR
@RavensR 6 лет назад
Very informative
@ShawnRavenfire
@ShawnRavenfire 8 лет назад
I saw a documentary a while ago about how Scylla and Charybdis probably referred to a dangerous navigation area which Odysseus would have had to take between Troy and Ithaca.
@joseescobar3703
@joseescobar3703 8 лет назад
So funny, walking by the beach I found this beautiful plant and decided to bring it home. It was Jimson Wed.
@khankaos
@khankaos 4 года назад
Very interesting.
@DJ-xc2bu
@DJ-xc2bu 7 лет назад
It is a good story to help my son with his project.
@linusbach2164
@linusbach2164 3 года назад
0:23 I absolutely *LOVE* the fact that you say the word considered
@vincent4724
@vincent4724 6 лет назад
1:00 Some corrections. First, the spell is in the food, and second, it was HOGS and PIGS, not just animals.
@evidentlyredneck
@evidentlyredneck Год назад
Wow awesome tidbit 👌
@haileymisegadis5501
@haileymisegadis5501 5 лет назад
Science is so fascinating ❤️❤️❤️❤️
@ezaudafi
@ezaudafi 3 года назад
Odysseus wasn’t looking for Molly, but I’ll bet he’s glad he found her.
@LazyOtaku
@LazyOtaku 8 лет назад
More. Of this specifically. Thx.
@sesshowmarumonoke
@sesshowmarumonoke Год назад
Beautiful
@adolfojuarez3654
@adolfojuarez3654 4 года назад
Wow I've heard of the odessey but got interested in it when I saw it on a mission impossible movie
@TheMikester307
@TheMikester307 2 года назад
"Holy Moly!" Yes, that's where the saying comes from!
@vecnarises7243
@vecnarises7243 4 года назад
I am learning about this
@jordank6961
@jordank6961 3 года назад
"Wait! I'm a mage, i have like, 2 hit points? " "Well you better turn them back before i bring that down to 0."
@motherlilith1142
@motherlilith1142 5 лет назад
anyone watching in 2019 7th of apr ? and i find these fun to watch.
@PoeticallyCorrect007
@PoeticallyCorrect007 7 лет назад
excellent
@patriciasuivant9741
@patriciasuivant9741 8 лет назад
So interesting
@linasnais3029
@linasnais3029 8 лет назад
interesting episode:)
@marvincleoalvarez8835
@marvincleoalvarez8835 5 лет назад
As a Pharmacist i really appreciate the history of Pharmacognosy
@hibaalkhatib1971
@hibaalkhatib1971 3 года назад
Is there anyone besides me who enter in a single video and cant just stop it !
@ChrisComstock612
@ChrisComstock612 8 лет назад
fascinating
@rajamohammed8683
@rajamohammed8683 2 года назад
This is why i like stories
@hko2006
@hko2006 8 лет назад
The voice volume is much lower than other videos so I tune up mine then the outro music became too loud.
@yvonne530
@yvonne530 2 месяца назад
The works of the great poet, Homer, are filled with words that not only survive in Albanian, but continue to be used. From Homer you can get not only words, but also phrases that possess all the signs of a typical Albanian expression. If someone were to interpret Homer from the Albanian language perspective, much light would be shed on the works of that famous poet. Between Homeric and Albanian sentences there is a striking resemblance in expression, phraseology and sentence structure. A study of this nature would help interpret Homer, since the Albanian language is older than that of Greece (Science Magazine 2023), much can be learned about the influence of this [Albanian] on Homeric and later Greek. Title: Unconquerable Albania Author : Christ Anton Lepon Publisher: Chicago, Albanian Liberation Committee, 1944
@mrshoeguy2477
@mrshoeguy2477 8 лет назад
Odysseus also had a run in with some pygmies on a small island that sounds a lot like the pygmies of North Sentinel Island.
@eurodraco
@eurodraco 8 лет назад
HOLY SHIT! A DIFFERENT NARRATOR FOR ONCE?! IS IT MY BIRTHDAY?!
@summergram
@summergram 6 лет назад
Much better voiceover to the video
@sgauden02
@sgauden02 3 года назад
I would just like to say that if the Odyssey actually happend, or rather, has SOME basis in truth like how the Trojan War did, then it's likely that it was didn't LITERALLY take Odysseus (or his real life equivalent) 10 years to get home from Troy. In the Bronze Age, and even in Classical Greece, "X number of years" was often used to simply mean "a long time". I find it hard to believe that it would take an experienced seafarer that long, and have that much trouble getting home if he stuck to established trade routes. And further more, rather than actually monsters like the Cyclops, the Sirens, Scylla, and Charybdis, there are likely rational explanations for these events that were just embellished over time. Also, Homer was a poet, not a historian, so it's possible that he also sliced up the story by adding some of these things. Like the Trojan War, it entirely possible that there was a real Odysseus, or at least a real person who he was based off of, but his actual journey wasn't as fantastical as Homer put it.
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The scientific origins of the Minotaur - Matt Kaplan
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The Strange Science of Why We Dream
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Classics Summarized: The Odyssey
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The Chinese myth of the meddling monk - Shunan Teng
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2DROTS vs RISENHAHA! КУБОК ФИФЕРОВ 2 ТУР
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