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The Wasserstein Metric a.k.a Earth Mover's Distance: A Quick and Convenient Introduction 

Bob Laramee
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Here are two papers that describe this in more detail:
Y. Lavin, R. Kumar Batra, and L. Hesselink. Feature Comparisons of Vector Fields Using Earth Mover’s Distance. In Proceedings IEEE Visualization ’98, pages 103-110, 1998.
Y. Rubner, C. Tomasi, and L. J. Guibas. A Metric for Distributions with Applications to Image Databases.
Computer Vision, 1998. Sixth International Conference on, 4-7 Jan 1998
Page(s): 59 - 66, 1998.
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21 авг 2024

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Комментарии : 106   
@williamstephenjones3863
@williamstephenjones3863 29 дней назад
Brilliant video. Ignore the comments about BGM. We are forever grateful for efforts like this.
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 29 дней назад
Thanks for watching.
@mochen9282
@mochen9282 7 лет назад
The BGM is a bit annoying.
@baaliilyes
@baaliilyes 6 лет назад
I totally agree...this is math, we need some silence to focus and understand
@maxsuica6144
@maxsuica6144 6 лет назад
"A bit" annoying. Because apparently there is some possible world where atonal fretless bass is only "a bit" annoying.
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 6 лет назад
That's the infamous Tony Levin on bass.
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 6 лет назад
It's the amazing Tony Levin.
@ahmedmustahid4936
@ahmedmustahid4936 4 года назад
Not a bit, VERY annoying
@danielliu9616
@danielliu9616 6 лет назад
Speed x1.25 the video becomes normal
@prasanthsrinivasan7709
@prasanthsrinivasan7709 5 лет назад
Thank you so much. It works ;)
@akrammustafa3569
@akrammustafa3569 5 лет назад
Thanks, that is much better
@kamilozdemir9772
@kamilozdemir9772 4 года назад
x2 speed is better
@Barsay
@Barsay 3 года назад
oh s^it it works
@HA-zd5gx
@HA-zd5gx 4 месяца назад
but with that speed the background music is not harmonic as before😢
@shinykaushal
@shinykaushal 8 лет назад
Thank you so much Sir for such a great help. On a single email you made this video & uploaded for me. I am so happy that you responded very kindly. Thanks a Ton !!! :)
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 7 лет назад
Thanks for asking a good question.
@amansahani2001
@amansahani2001 11 месяцев назад
Precise Explanation Sir, You are helping me in writing my master thesis. Thank You
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 11 месяцев назад
Thanks for watching
@vanshajkhattar8373
@vanshajkhattar8373 3 года назад
The explanation is very nice. Highly recommended video for someone who wants to get an intuition into Wasserstein metrics. I think the dislikes are due to music or may be his slow teaching style. I would recommend watching the video at 1.5x atleast.
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 3 года назад
Thanks for watching.
@ArmanAli-ww7ml
@ArmanAli-ww7ml 2 года назад
But i like this slow style. Everyone has different preferences
@roman6575
@roman6575 5 месяцев назад
The BGM is great, felt like background music of a video game, makes it easier to focus.
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 5 месяцев назад
The BGM is from Tony Levin.
@justinchen8519
@justinchen8519 6 лет назад
recommend watching in x1.25 speed
@a.3659
@a.3659 7 месяцев назад
Thanks alot. It really helped me understand!
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 7 месяцев назад
Thanks for watching
@user-rm2kq7lu6x
@user-rm2kq7lu6x 4 года назад
The BGM made me think you were actually living in Antarctica with lovely penguins, I like it btw
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 4 года назад
Chart Denkra thanks for watching
@kb777md
@kb777md 4 года назад
Thank you
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 4 года назад
Thanks for watching.
@JackLe1127
@JackLe1127 6 лет назад
there are a lot of seagulls where you live...
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 6 лет назад
Yes there are.
@lalakyadav1493
@lalakyadav1493 4 месяца назад
I understood d represents the distance between two distributions. But I'm unclear about the role of dy, specifically how the height of a block (as suggested by dy) contributes to the overall distance calculation.
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 4 месяца назад
Thanks for watching. Yes, the video is not a complete explanation, more like just the beginning. For more, you'll have to do some more research. Have a look at some of the video comments and description.
@marvinpeng1930
@marvinpeng1930 4 года назад
Super amazing explanation. Thank you so much!
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 4 года назад
Thanks for watching.
@asifmujtaba334
@asifmujtaba334 6 лет назад
Sorry I couldn't understand the part that the distance between two small parts of hight d_y is d.dy?Could you please clarify what am I missing? By the way, it helps a lot.Thanks.
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 6 лет назад
Don’t rely on this video for the exact details of the computation. You can check out the paper references in the description.
@AredioVani
@AredioVani 3 года назад
Fantastic video, thank you
@SoichiHayashi2014
@SoichiHayashi2014 7 лет назад
Thank you for the video. I have 2 questions. When you say to move a box from one distribution to another, how are you decide the destination of the box? In another words, how do you determine "d" ? If you are moving it to match the shape of the destination, how do you consider its size? Like.. UK is smaller than US, so how do you move all parts of US to UK? Another question is, when you are considering a distance between 2 mathmatical distribution, wouldn't there be a simple equation to calculate it using calculous? Thank you!
@harikannantube
@harikannantube 7 лет назад
Take a look at the first few pages of "Optimal transport meets graph spectra" by Shiping Liu. It is one of the many good introductions that will clarify your questions. In a simplified manner, the answers to your questions are: The moved quantities are infinitesimal in nature. They correspond to densities. The destination in the target of a source point is what one tries to obtain by solving the Monge version of the problem. In the Kantorovich version, a source point can be split and assigned to multiple target points. These transportation maps (for Monge) and transportation plans (for Kantorovich) are obtained by solving optimization problems. Existence of the solution is easier for the Kantorovich problem. The total sizes of the source and target are assumed to be normalized to one, in general. Optimal transport is a rigorous way to get the distance between distributions.
@jjjgrp
@jjjgrp 6 лет назад
Nice share. Thx pal
@alexanderyau6347
@alexanderyau6347 5 лет назад
hi the link is not available now
@Smatema
@Smatema 3 года назад
@@harikannantube nice explanation. I tried to read the text but this isn't available now. Could you sent to me, please?
@harikannantube
@harikannantube 3 года назад
@Alexander Yau, @Samuel Francisco, the article title and author are mentioned now.
@reynaldo2232
@reynaldo2232 3 года назад
Great explanation, thank you
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 3 года назад
Thanks for watching.
@lujia
@lujia 6 лет назад
Do I need a controller for this video? Because I feel like I have to fight a final fantasy boss at some point. Besides the music great video. Btw I am reading the original paper right now and are the little boxes you drew "signatures" from the paper?
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 6 лет назад
Yes, you need a good controller to watch these videos. Probably I should have read the papers I refer to more carefully before making the video.
@yashjain8117
@yashjain8117 3 года назад
Sir make a video on Kullback-leibler distance please
@leemun41
@leemun41 3 года назад
Greate thanks from Brazil!
@Dafiya445
@Dafiya445 3 года назад
Thanks for your initiative in making this video. Can you please provide a link that compare images using EMD
@TammyZhen
@TammyZhen 7 лет назад
Thank you! Great video, and a very clear explanation.
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 11 месяцев назад
Thanks for watching
@UgurA0
@UgurA0 3 года назад
Great explanation, thanks.
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 3 года назад
Thanks for watching.
@durandsinclair5338
@durandsinclair5338 6 лет назад
Thanks for your explanation. It really helped me understand things!
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 6 лет назад
Durand Sinclair Thanks for watching.
@mahmudzaman9107
@mahmudzaman9107 6 лет назад
Is it possible to give the explanation with an example a = (1,2,3, 4, 6, 11,18) b = (2,6, 18) c= (2,3,4) what is the earth mover distance between a,b and a,c
@squat200
@squat200 5 лет назад
This is amazing. Thank you.
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 5 лет назад
Thanks for watching.
@tejasduseja
@tejasduseja 4 года назад
Hi, sorry if this sounds like a dumb question but how is the distance between two pieces is dy*d? Does distance metric is defined in such a way?
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 4 года назад
Hi Tejas. It's a fine question. I didn't explain the mathematics very well in the video. I would need to make a follow up video to present the mathematics better. In the meantime, you can have a look at the references made in the comments.
@tejasduseja
@tejasduseja 4 года назад
@@BobLaramee Thanks for the quick reply and for nice explanation in video ^^. It really helps students like us.
@taco9453
@taco9453 2 года назад
Try to apply Wasserstein k means to financial market, thanks for this explanation.🙌
@Merajmohdkhan
@Merajmohdkhan 7 лет назад
Perfect explanation ...thumps up for ur effort dude
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 7 лет назад
thanks for watching.
@jonathanballoch
@jonathanballoch 2 года назад
6:19 for the math 7:28 for the computing
@sanek-kisliy
@sanek-kisliy 7 лет назад
Aweome video, thanks!
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 7 лет назад
Thanks for watching.
@rahuldeora5815
@rahuldeora5815 6 лет назад
You could have added a bit more dept into this
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 6 лет назад
True. i had no idea how much demand there is for this material. A follow-up is on my todo list.
@rahuldeora5815
@rahuldeora5815 6 лет назад
Is there anyway I can contact you( maybe email)? I was planning on doing a research paper walkthrough(kinda like my first but not exactly) of WASSERSTEIN AUTO-ENCODERS: openreview.net/pdf?id=HkL7n1-0b This paper was named one of the top 5 papers for deep learning in 2018. My goal with these videos is to get more more familiar with research papers.
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 6 лет назад
Sure. A skype call is also fine. My email is r.s.laramee at swansea.ac.uk. My skype name is rlaramee.
@rahuldeora5815
@rahuldeora5815 6 лет назад
Awesome I will definitely contact you
@Ferguson02871
@Ferguson02871 5 лет назад
Well done sir thank you.
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 5 лет назад
Thanks for watching.
@ArmanAli-ww7ml
@ArmanAli-ww7ml 2 года назад
I need further help on this? Anyone?
@JuliusG73
@JuliusG73 6 лет назад
Can Wasserstein be nondeterministic? It seems the Python implementation is giving me very similar values but there are tiny perturbations when I rerun the calculation on the same distributions.
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 11 месяцев назад
I think the result will depend on the implementation. Thanks for watching
@jaskarankaur4971
@jaskarankaur4971 3 года назад
Am I wrong, or the music is the cliché US movies's Indian music?
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 3 года назад
The music is from Tony Levin's World Diary album. Not a very popular one but I really like it.
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 11 месяцев назад
Where are you studying?
@yehdhihanna6114
@yehdhihanna6114 4 года назад
the background sound is so anoying (can't focus)
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 4 года назад
It was just an experiment. My other videos have no background music.
@ArmanAli-ww7ml
@ArmanAli-ww7ml 2 года назад
Anyone who have applied this technique with simple example?
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 2 года назад
There are some pointers in the comments.
@ArmanAli-ww7ml
@ArmanAli-ww7ml 2 года назад
@@BobLaramee thanks, but can i just simply say wasserestein distance as the disimilarity cost one has to pay for any deviation?
@alexanderyau6347
@alexanderyau6347 5 лет назад
You have a big cup!
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 5 лет назад
Big cup for big mouth 😉
@AC-dn7xp
@AC-dn7xp 5 лет назад
Is the wasserstein distance symmetric?
@fvguerino
@fvguerino 5 лет назад
Aneeshaa Chowdhry yes
@jay-xj1om
@jay-xj1om 4 года назад
What is the last song?
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 4 года назад
It is by Tony Levin on an obscure album called world diary
@sydneystriker5355
@sydneystriker5355 3 года назад
How is the difference between those boxes is dy *d. It was a bad decision to watch your video you just ended up confusing me
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 11 месяцев назад
I agree it's not perfect
@angelorf
@angelorf 5 лет назад
"Computing is the best subject." haha
@imranrashid2890
@imranrashid2890 5 лет назад
what's with this annoying background music? I just want to learn!
@BobLaramee
@BobLaramee 5 лет назад
High standards.
@MaxLevill
@MaxLevill 6 лет назад
Pésimo el fondooo jaja distrae mucho
@carlossoto7083
@carlossoto7083 10 месяцев назад
save yourself some time; the real video starts around 2 minutes in
@GaylordNdemboNDATORO
@GaylordNdemboNDATORO 7 дней назад
The number of bins are the same for both distributions?
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