Torque And Potential Energy Of Dipole Placed In Electric Field  

Torque And Potential Energy Of Dipole Placed In Electric Field #Lecture 9 #neet #iitjee #trick
Torque
Torque (τ) is a measure of the rotational force that causes an object to rotate or twist around a pivot point or axis.
Definition:
τ = r × F
where:
τ = torque
r = distance from axis to point of application of force
F = force applied
Units:
Newton-meters (N·m)
Properties:
1. Vector quantity
2. Direction: Perpendicular to both r and F
3. Magnitude: Depends on force and distance
Potential Energy
Potential energy (U) is the energy an object possesses due to its position or configuration.
Definition:
U = mgh
where:
U = potential energy
m = mass
g = acceleration due to gravity
h = height above reference point
Units:
Joules (J)
Types:
1. Gravitational potential energy
2. Elastic potential energy
3. Electric potential energy
Relationship between Torque and Potential Energy
Torque can be related to potential energy through the concept of rotational potential energy.
Rotational Potential Energy:
U = 1/2 × I × θ^2
where:
U = rotational potential energy
I = moment of inertia
θ = angular displacement
Connection to Torque:
τ = dU/dθ
This equation shows that torque is the derivative of rotational potential energy with respect to angular
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