#Toulmin #CriticalThinking #Argumentation
Toulmin argued for a model of reliable arguments: for an argument to be considered good, it has to be formed of six components.
Data: The evidence, information, events or even artistic proofs (see the article on how to influence people by using artistic proof) which support the truth of the argument. The argument without data does not have a real value.
Claim: The conclusion of the argument, although, the claim is not necessarily the final conclusion of the argument, in fact it can represent an intermediate step used as data for the next inference.
Warrants: The reasons that help move the argument from the data to the claim. Many times the warrants are general and implicit and as Toulmin points out, they help answer the question ‘How do you get there?’
Backing: Statements that serve as evidence for showing that the warrants are true.
Rebuttals: Exceptions to the claim, showing circumstances when the claim might not be true.
Qualifiers: Statements or phrases which reflect the level of probability or truth of the claim.
FURTHER READING
You can read more on this and other subjects on our blog, here: argumentful.com/constructing-...
BACKING:
• Young people with the Internet and smartphone addiction have high levels of loneliness and poor social relations: bit.ly/2Yq1AkP
• Loneliness, self-esteem, and life satisfaction as predictors of Internet
addiction: bit.ly/2KKWzec
SOCIAL MEDIA
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CREDITS
Chad Crouch, Blue Dot Sessions freemusicarchive.org/
20 июл 2024
