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Tranchet Axeheads: The First Axeheads in British Prehistory

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Dr. James Dilley explores one of the first types of hafted axe in Britain: The Tranchet Axe. Dating to the Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), these axes are unlike later examples, but what is a tranchet? Why did people make axes like this? And how do you make one? We look at the meaning behind the word “Tranchet” and some of the possible origins. As well as making a couple of examples, he also tests a Tranchet axe in some tree felling.
Filmed Edited & Produced by Emma Jones of ELWJ Media - www.elwjmedia.co.uk
References:
Andersen, S.H., 1985. Tybrind Vig: a preliminary report on a submerged Ertebølle settlement on the west coast of Fyn. Journal of Danish Archaeology, 4(1), pp.52-69.
Brown, T., 1997. Clearances and clearings: deforestation in Mesolithic/Neolithic Britain. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 16(2), pp.133-146.
Roberts, M.B., Parfitt, S.A., Pope, M.I., Wenban-Smith, F.F., Macphail, R.I., Locker, A. and Stewart, J.R., 1997. Boxgrove, West Sussex: rescue excavations of a Lower Palaeolithic landsurface (Boxgrove Project B, 1989-91). In Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society (Vol. 63, pp. 303-358). Cambridge University Press.
Sheridan, A., Cooney, G. and Grogan, E., 1992. Stone axe studies in Ireland. Journal of Social Archaeology, 58, pp.389-416.
Images:
Boxgrove quarry and handaxes: UCL Institute of Archaeology
Boxgrove handaxe model: Dr. Paula García Medrano
Hermitage adze: Dr Aimée Little
Lough Boora axes: Lough Boora Discovery Park
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To find out more about my flintknapping and experimental archaeology visit my website or follow me on social media!
Website: www.ancientcraf...
Twitter: / ancientcraftuk
Facebook: / ancientcraftuk
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Опубликовано:

26 авг 2024

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Комментарии : 43

@StefanMilo 3 года назад

Awesome as always

@callbook8989 3 года назад

Looking forward to it already

@KelvynTaylor 3 года назад

Thanks James!

@kurtisengle6256 Год назад

A very pretty topic. Brings to mind the challenges of life in the near past.

@ES1976-3 3 года назад

Really wish you have shown how you made the axe beyond just the blade. Great video nonetheless and I learned a lot!

@augusttremblay7781 Год назад

Basically you're using a stone flake or a chisel to create a pocket for the axe head it'll need to be bigger at be he front and more narrow at the back.

@theeddorian 2 года назад

Green wood is generally better wood for many purposes. Chair bodgers in Britain, the US and Canada pursued (and still do) their craft working primarily with simple hand tools that are direct descendants of stone tools whose analogs are recognizable in the prehistoric record.

@francismarcoux8944 Год назад

Adzecwhere also used to scrape lots of dryed hide

@T.J-and-Soul 2 года назад

An Adze is usually more worn and polished on the top side opposite of the handle side.

@WillaLamour 3 года назад

Hi James - do you do courses on this?

@ancientcraftUK 3 года назад

Hi! Yes I do, keep an eye on my website calendar or Facebook events for workshops

@WillaLamour 3 года назад

@@ancientcraftUK - thanks, James. That's brilliant. Should be awesome.

@csluau5913 2 года назад

Just doing some field walking one time after a heavy rain in East Anglia I found what I believed to be a broken tranchet , or a failed one that someone had attempted to make and then it went sideways. Literally. I took it to a lithologist who said it was possible and then to an archaeologist who dismissed it out of hand. What made it so remarkable was the distinctive triangular flake removal. It was always a mystery to me and it made me wonder how many thousands of things we have walked right past that may have been used by someone once upon a time. Not everyone was terribly good at knapping stone or Flint. Myself included :-)

@ancientcraftUK 2 года назад

Drop me an email (can find it via my website) with some pictures of your finds. I’ll be honest and open with my opinion based on my experience.

@csluau5913 2 года назад

@@ancientcraftUK Thank you I may do just that and take you up on your offer.

@christophersnedeker2065 3 года назад

Will Lord made these by making a flake with a sharp edge and then shaping around it to preserve it.

@TheAca300 3 года назад

I'm a yt-er also (not on this channel) but ur the best man :D

@ThiccboiSalmon 3 года назад

What is your actual channel? If it is along the same vein as AncientCraft then I would happily check it out

@TheAca300 3 года назад

@@ThiccboiSalmon wow, to be sincere I thought nobody would care :D I do a lot of flintknapping, but I also do some primitive forging. type in: Stubbornly Lazy Productions purple goat is the logo image :D thanks for at least taking the interest :D

@ancientcraftUK 3 года назад

*Also goes for a sneaky look

@TheAca300 3 года назад

@@ancientcraftUK hahah cool man, hope you find something you like. Personally, I would really like to have some flint like you do, I heard that Norfolk flint is the way to go, but I'm not from those parts :D Tv glass is the next best thing :)

@jeffjefferson2676 2 года назад

I keep thinking about the fuzz that could have been brought up when a stone is cut too much. Because that causes it to have less service life. It does give a sharper edge. Also it is one of the few things these people were doing. And if its a valuable asset, and you have to walk a long way to get more. Could this be a reason for a fight? How where the social dynamics? Can you afford a fight? Maybe it is less of a fuzz with a lot of the flint laying around. But i certainly would not like to haul masses of stones a long long way just to have it being cut to little bits and just get a small tool out of that big a chunk. So that is the wonder really. And i really cant say no to the feeling. Maybe its just honest (in some other video you chopped up some big big piece, maybe it was to get some other smaller tools from it too). I havent tried the cutting of stone with stone, but i can really see that happening that some guy is like what i said before. Any way, really cool vidoes, i really enjoy the topic. This tool looks great without any spoil. :D Greetings, Jeff

@magand3756 Год назад

the tranchet is'nt an outils for ground work ? i have learn that traceo analysis show this utilisation

@gnostic268 3 года назад

Did the people who made dugout canoes in the Britain use fire to hollow out the wood first and then use axes to scoop out the interior? There are a few cypress and hickory dugouts that were made that way and were recovered in this area (Midwest U.S.) from the Mississippian people who lived along the river c. 500-1250 CE.

@HighWealder 3 месяца назад

Have not read of any examples of fire being used in this context

@landgabriel 2 года назад

I like the look and durability of ground stone axes more than these 'glass axes'.

@captainflint8412 3 года назад

Can you please please do a series on greens typology of flint arrowheads in the UK ? The book is far too expensive and all the papers online on this information are pay to read . . Gatekeeping at its most annoying ! 😂 there is plenty info on American points but just vague info on British ones .. I am a beginner knapper and want to try and re create the UK and European arrowhead types and all their classified variants but need visual references with data to study , please help us out with this project , hope to see you in Scotland soon for your workshop !

@ancientcraftUK 3 года назад

I’ll see what we can do!

@captainflint8412 3 года назад

@@ancientcraftUK nice one thank you !

@franciscoshankland7566 2 года назад

Thanks for the video! For maintenance, would the head have been removed from the haft? If so, how would that be done? Can the glue/pitch be melted away, the axe head re-knapped, and then simply re-socketed, or is there any waste that can't be re-used? I appreciate in experimental archaeology not everything is exact, but maintenance is always an interesting topic and I really enjoyed seeing you get into that in the video.

@franciscoshankland7566 2 года назад

Seem to have found the answer or most of it in this other video: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-x16lzP-wyC0.html The glue melts with heat and the blades drop out.

@ancientcraftUK 2 года назад

These axes almost definitely weren’t not glued into the handle. A well fitted wooden socket is more than enough to hold the stone blade. The addition of glue only creates an inconvenience and waste of glue

@franciscoshankland7566 2 года назад

@@ancientcraftUK Thanks for the reply I appreciate I made it sound more about glue than intended, but the answer is much appreciated. For maintenance, would the head have been removed from the haft to sharpen?

@travisirons1020 3 года назад

I saw you today in crags

@ashleysmith3106 Год назад

Bone may have been a better material to haft as an axe than antler. Perhaps there is some truth in the legend of Samson killing people with "the jawbone of an ass"; particularly if it was hafted as a battleaxe !

@ReasonAboveEverything 3 года назад

Ah, flint. I bet people who didn't have it naturally in their backyard were sooo jealous. I know they were because I am. They had to pay for something that could be made in 30 minutes.

@hiddenwoodsben 9 месяцев назад

same. i live in germanies flint-desert and everywhere around, just outside of daytrip-range, folks are knapping away without ever thinking about conserving material.

@captainflint89 2 года назад

nice work , subbed .. i am starting a series on reproducing all the arrowheads described in greens typology and other lithics from the uk and ireland . been knapping a year and really starting to the hang of it . have a look at my uploads if you get a chance

@christophersnedeker2065 3 года назад

Shortly before the tranche axe there where antler axes

@ancientcraftUK 3 года назад

In some regions, but there are very few examples of antler axes before Tranchet examples, there’s only one from Britain