Transformer 

Introduction to the different types of single-phase transformer: basic conventional transformer with one winding on the primary and one on the secondary, transformer with one winding on the primary and two separate windings on the secondary, transformer with one winding on the primary and two on the secondary with central tap, multiple transformer, conventional transformer configured as an autotransformer, current transformer with very few turns on the secondary. The transformer is an essential part of electricity.
Let's take a power station that produces energy E at 1000[V], which has to be transported to the place of consumption, located 100[km] away. The consumer wants electricity at 230[V]. Assuming that the inherent resistance of the transmission lines is only 10[V/Km], the voltage drop along the lines is 10[V/Km]x100[Km] = 1000[V]. At the point of consumption, there is 1000[V] - voltage drop =1000[V] - 1000[V] =0, so there is nothing left.
To avoid this long-distance problem, we place a step-up transformer at the output of the power station to raise its voltage from 1000[V] to 40,000[V], for example. The energy will be transported at 40[KV], and given the 1000[V] drop due to the lines, this leaves 39[KV] at the point of arrival. A step-down transformer is placed at the point of consumption to lower 39[KV] to 230[V], as requested by the consumer.
Note:
To analyse a capacitor circuit, only the capacitance C of the capacitor and its withstand voltage are required, no other data is needed. Similarly, to analyse a transformer circuit, only the transformer's transformation ratio ‘n’ and apparent power ‘S’ are required.
The impedance of a transformer, given as a percentage of the base impedance of the primary or secondary, the efficiency of a transformer (almost 100%), and the nominal operating frequency of a transformer will be discussed and detailed when analysing motors, since a motor is a rotating transformer whose circuit is identical to that of a transformer whose impedance will be taken into account. We can already analyse a circuit with transformers by considering them as ideal or perfect, just as we have so far considered perfect/ideal voltage sources and ideal amplifiers.