Understanding Plate Tectonics 

This is by far the best example that plate tectonic can be explained in simple terms.

transform boundaries 04:24 convergent boundaries 06:07 divergent boundaries 08:40 hot spot 11:36

this is my earth science teacher

Hi Michael! I wanted to take a moment to thank you for all your excellent Geology videos. They have been a huge help in teaching the subject, especially the theory of plate tectonics, and are far better quality than any others I've seen on RU-vid. Awesome work!

Informative and intelligible content. Thank you.

There is an excellent book called Tectonic Processes, cannot remember who by. It is mainly where I learned about plate Tectonics a few decades ago. But all of the essentials in a twelve minute video, so succinctly and intellegently delivered is nothing short of a masterpiece, thank you so much, really enjoyed that refresher.

10 years and this is still the only good video that i can learn everything from . so organized and easy to understand , thank you so much

I got to watch this video while I am studying TOEFL geology part, which made me crazy, and you helped me fully understand plate tectonics and hot spots with an easy explanation and amazing corresponding animations! Thank you so much!!!!!

Love how you've explained the theories - both this one and continental drift. Thank you for doing these :-)

You are such life safer I have exam of geology next Tuesday And you saved me tons of hours to study and memorize my notes

who else is here watching because the teacher gives to watch it

thank you sir Mr. Mike Sammartano

For an amateur like me,interested in geology,These lessons are the greatest.Thankyou.

Thank you so much for posting this! I also found the content on your website incredibly helpful.

Very easy comprehension and well explained, loads of information. One of the best I ever watched about the subject.

Thank you for this clear explanation

Very clearly!! Thank you so much.

Thank you hopefully this will help me with my test tomorrow

Very clear explanation. Thank you Mr. Sammartano!!

One of the best lectures for studying types of plate boundary with real examples

about to go back to school ...this has really helped makes more sense than my geography books

really helped me a lot with my revision. I salute you!

The best video I have found on plate tectonics. Thank you.

I wonder why other videos have more views than yours. You explain very well the topic. Hope you could make more science videos. Your video is really helpful especially for visual learners.

this helped me a lot.... thank u MIKE

Thanks mr Mike

i'm actually watching your vids to prepare me for a geology olympic. So thank you so much for making these high quality vids.

Thank you very very much, your channel has helped me ALOT LOT LOT in my final exams they are really simple and easy to understand thanks again!

My salutation to you. Everything is perfectly presented. Clarity, simple English defining the words, the flow charts and maps perfectly illustrated. Thanks a lot for the knowledge. 👍

I always let my students watch this as I teach geology in Iceland. Its good English to understand and the moving convergent pictures are great. Thank you very much.

thanks man very helpful

Great stuff. So easily to follow.

awesome dude

Wow, you are a great teacher.

Thanks for teaching!!!

It really helped me on some homework thank you

Mind Blownnnn i finally understood everything my teacher was blabbering about in class. Thank youuu

The easiest way I had found on RU-vid....Please Keep Doing the video like this...They are so helpful and easy to understand.

You explain very well... Great Job !

Thank u sir I too much satisfy with this

Well done. Really terrific.

The best explanation! Thanks for sharing!

Thank you Mr michael, it was very beneficial.

Thank you for this , it really helped ⭐

Hi ...M from India nd this is the best explanation ever..♥️

Wow this lecture was so helpful..l coun't find the one that could explain clearly. The fact that everything you just said is simplified and understandable

Love ❤ your work , Thanks

I think this is the best video on the topic on YT.

thank youuuu sir tomorrow i am having exam on plate tectono this is really helpfull

thank you u have saved me I have a test on these.

Thank you sir ❤

Thanks, very clear, informative and have explained the points which we really need to understand.

nicely xplained

Its been 7 years and I didn't find anything better than this even now

That hotspot region making chain of islands was mind-blowing.

awesome explain thank you very much u r amazing thanks for this vids

Thanks for the answers for my homework

Thank you for this! Really helpful :)

Thank you 🙏

I have never understood anything better than this video right here

What a great video! Thanks for posting.

Thankyou so much for this video

Many thanks for your wonderful and very informative video.

Wow that was SO fascinating..

Your videos are amazing and I love to use them in my Earth Space classes! Thank you so much!

Thank you so much that was bloody fantastic i understood everything you said 👍i wish you had been my teacher at school ,well done 👍

Thank you so much for this. I wish you could've been my science teacher. This helped me understand the lesson we're currently working on, a whole lot better.

I'm preparing a Geography lesson for my Grandsons 2nd grade class, because they don't teach Geography in his school. So this is where I'm doing my research and learning, learning and learning soooo many interesting facts for free. Thank you for sharing your knowledge with me.

Best explanation

thank you so much sir your vedio help me alot to understand geography

Thanks Mr Mike

I find all of this simply fascinating! It's like the Earth, just like Human Beings, is a LIVING ENTITY onto itself! Yes, just like people, the Earth is always CHANGING and never stays the SAME!

Well explained. Thanks

THANK YOU SO SO SO SO MUCH

amazing amazing amazing video!!!! Going to save it for my kids so that they too could have the better concepts about the plate tectonics. Thank you so much!

Hi, I found this video very interesting. I´m teacher at the Maza University in Mendoza, Argentina. I´m interested about adding spanish subs to this video. If do you agree, I can do it with your authorization. I hope it will be very useful to my class of Hydrogeology, where I need some Geology basics, for my students. Thanks a lot!

Great video, is there a particularly famous place where the island arcs form?

Moltíssimes gràcies! Brutal!

My goodness I didn't even realise how 12 minutes ended.... Great lecture sir 👍💛

The people who disliked the video just aren't caring enough or they are neglecting their studying, testing, education, or Earth's facts and they can't obtain knowledge because they don't care about scientific things. They probably will not do good on science tests/quizzes/assignments You know!

Thank you!

Thank you! I learned so much more from you than from my instructor and reading combined.

i just wanted to thank you so much for this. i'm an art major taking my one required science and struggling since it's not my forte. your videos are so straight to the point and easy to understand, and have really helped me!

I don't know if the students fully appreciated this, but this is very helpful to a worldbuilder like me who's trying to design their own planet.

You explain things so well, that earned you a new subscriber! X

Great simple explanation. Helped me alot thank you 🙌🏾

Nice explanation..i am geologist from Indonesia

Pretty good explination

Sir your video are very benificial .... It would be great if u make one for the ocean floor configuration....

You explain a lot things way better than my teacher . Pls make videos on how to answer questions on the Earth Science's regents.

Part 1 Hello Mike, I have enjoyed your video on plate tectonics. And I found it far too important to not stop and comment on this subject. And more specifically, an opportunity to express an opinion as to the true and accurate description of the mechanism involved. It’s interesting when you consider how much the standard model is dependent on the mantle having a convection regime. The great Arthur Holmes is credited to its acceptance in geology and the suggestion it could be the missing energy source to drive the tectonic plates. But, he also readily admitted it could be wrong. To date there is no direct observable evidence of the mantle having an up welling of lower density material resembling a convective cell or even a conveyor belt type of mantle movement beneath the tectonic plates. The standard model is only speculative in these regards. But even more importantly, the surface observations over the years have continually presented evidence of a mechanism of plate movement far different than what convection could provide. The mantle appears instead to be a solid state material that is 2,900 km thick, with pressures so great that at only 100 to 250 kilometers carbon can be squeezed into a diamond matrix. There are now a growing number of researchers who are skeptical of the standard model’s over-dependence on such an overly simplistic idea. Prof. Don L. Anderson of the Caltech seismological lab., had with many other geologists made critical assessment of the standard model. authors.library.caltech.edu/25038/122/Chapter%201.%20Origin%20and%20early%20history.pdf New Theory of the Earth Anderson, Don L. (2007) New Theory of the Earth. Cambridge University Press , New York. ISBN 9780521849593. @t "Because of the combined effects of temperature and pressure on physical properties, shallow stratification may be reversible - leading to plate tectonics - while deep dense layers may be trapped at depth." "Conventional (Rayleigh- Benard) convection theory may have little to do with plate tectonics." Convection is so poorly defined that it is difficult to consider it even a viable working hypothesis unless there is some direct observable evidence that it can make anything resembling a prediction of observation. Carlo Doglioni, the geophysicist and former president of the Italian Geological Society, and since April 2016, the president of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology has published some very remarkable papers in regard to mantle dynamics and plate tectonics. www.dst.uniro...antle_Dynamics_ MANTLE DYNAMICS AND PLATE KINEMATICS Carlo Doglioni, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Roberto Sabadini, University of Milan, Italy ". . . . . none of the proposed models of mantle convection can account for the simpler pattern in plate motion we observe at the surface, nor has a unique solution been proposed for how material in the mantle convects. At the moment there is no way to link mantle dynamics and plate kinematics at the surface, considering that the mantle and lithosphere are detached. The Atlantic and Indian ridges are in fact moving apart with respect to Africa, proving not to be fixed both relative to each other and relative to any fixed point in the mantle. This evidence confirms that ocean ridges are decoupled from the underlying mantle." This remarkable observation above expresses the reality of the situation. Geologists need convection to be a viable solution to plate movement, but after 90 years, its existence, let alone its functionality, remains unanswered in the standard model. www.electroplatetectonics.com/

Better than my teacher. Thanks

This is extremely helpful! Thank you so much!

Mike UR AMAZING!

Thanks for the thought provoking info... do you think maybe the Sun's large solar flares could be pulling or drawing up the plumes from the outer core or maybe the process of fracking is causing eruptions... or both?

Hi Michael, if you type in flow tectonics in RU-vid, you can see my hastily done videos that summarizes the expands on your plate tectonics video. Some of the highlights is that the Earths convection currents are driven and organized by the magnetosphere and it's magnetic flux flows. This means Magma Mass Stratification moves south to north on the crust and north to south through the interior of the earth. Case in point you see almost exclusively divergent plate activity south of the equator and convergent plate activity north of the equator. The big exception is mid-Atlantic Ridge which diverges to add lots of crustal material to a increasing global circumference that the emerging crust needs as the creeps from the South Pole to the equator. But once the crust creeps past the equator in the crush starts to set in on the landmass as it crowds upon itself in the northern hemisphere. this is why there is more landmass in the northern hemisphere in the southern hemisphere. This is why most of the trenches are in the northern hemisphere. The exception to that is around Australia which is kind of stuck against China and blocking the flow of the crust as it emerges from the South Pole. Anyway please see my video and critique it. I think if anybody could, you could. thank you very much. P.S. The changing Earth poles shown in the rock magnetic orientation of the mid-Atlantic Ridge spread shows how when the sun changes its polarity the earth changes its polarity under the sun's influence. The sun being so big can have a core eruption that polarize itself opposite of the core as it travels to the surface. This means the surface of the sun will throw off a opposite magnetosphere for time until a core flow of continuity can emerge behind it to re-throw the magnetosphere back into a polarity the same with the core. Expanding a little further out on that, there may be electric, magnetic and radiative fields found within our solar system and our galaxy that affects our sun rhythmically as we whirl upon the spiral arm of the Milky Way. Anyhow, back to flow tectonics on earth, I look forward to hearing from any feedback I can get.

there wasnt an animation for continental continental convergent boundary

Nice way of learning

You explain so well and the animation is just great. The result is a great learning experience. Tq

🥺🥺thanks for making things easier for me ✌