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Types of Shock: A Guide for Nursing Students
1. **Hypovolemic Shock**:
* **Cause**: Significant loss of blood or fluid.
* **Symptoms**: Rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, cold/clammy skin, confusion.
* **Treatment**: Fluid replacement, blood transfusions, stopping the source of fluid loss.
2. **Cardiogenic Shock**:
* **Cause**: Heart’s inability to pump blood effectively (e.g., heart attack).
* **Symptoms**: Chest pain, shortness of breath, weak pulse, sweating.
* **Treatment**: Medications to improve heart function, oxygen therapy, sometimes surgical intervention.
3. **Septic Shock**:
* **Cause**: Severe infection leading to systemic inflammation.
* **Symptoms**: Fever, low blood pressure, rapid breathing, altered mental state.
* **Treatment**: Antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, vasopressors.
4. **Anaphylactic Shock**:
* **Cause**: Severe allergic reaction.
* **Symptoms**: Hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure.
* **Treatment**: Epinephrine injection, antihistamines, corticosteroids, oxygen therapy.
5. **Neurogenic Shock**:
* **Cause**: Damage to the nervous system (e.g., spinal cord injury).
* **Symptoms**: Low blood pressure, bradycardia (slow heart rate), warm/dry skin.
* **Treatment**: Stabilizing spine, fluids, vasopressors.
Understanding these types can help you provide better care and respond effectively in emergencies.
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8 сен 2024
