Michael Crichton did a lot of research for many of his books. That lab was allegedly based on plans for an actual Department Of Defense lab that may or may not have been built.
Alderaan: I thought that what tore orbiting bodies apart as they approached the roche limit was that the closer side has a faster orbit than the back and the forces trying to tear the body apart are larger than the gravity keeping it together. Is that wrong?
They way I heard of how to make a stellar engine to move Sol was to build a Dyson Sphere and open parts of the sphere in the direction you wanted to thrust and the rest of the planets just followed along.
Tatooine - I'm not sure how true the story is but I recall hearing during the Apollo missions, when they returned, they were put into capsules for quarantine. One person noting the insects crawling on the inside of the capsule (implying it wasn't airtight and, IF, there was a lunar deadly virus/bacteria, it likely would have contaminated Earth...) I also heard that they had to walk from the re-entry capsule to the quarantine one, which kind of defeating the point of quarantine...lol
The thought of bringing a sample of Mars back to Earth is both exciting from a scientific stand point, and terrifying from a possible biohazard stand point. The things we can learn from samples is mind blowing, yet if there are unknown types of bacteria, microbes, spores, viruses, is terrifying! It's also terrifying to think we may bring back microbes and bacterias that we introduced years ago, but then those microbes and bacterias evolved to survive in Mars harsh environment. The Spanish destroyed the North, Central, and South American societies by introducing diseases that they had no natural immunities or medical technologies to prevent from spreading. One thing that would be interesting to see if they can do would be adding a Mars module to the ISS that is the equivalent of a level 4 bio lab to be studied in space to determine if their are any hazards to humanity. If deemed safe, then the samples can be brought down to be studied by scientists across the planet in regulated, safe labs.
31:00 I heard a story once where a mountain climber at the top of a mountain tried to boil some water to make a cup of coffee but ended up with coffee that wasn't that hot, because the boiling temperature at that altitude was so low.
I have a question. What are the limiting factors on the number of gravity assists that can be performed? And, what is the fastest theoretical speed that can be reached through this method? Thanks.
33:25 Shkadov Thruster concept is a poor cousin to the Caplan Thruster. Shkadov harvests the momentum of photons while the Caplan uses proton & neutron momentum. The most exciting part of moving our sun is the idea of reversing the solar system’s path around the Milky Way. Couple that with lily-pad interstellar missions, hopping to stars as they make “close” passes. Close encounters would go from every few hundred thousand years to every few centuries or a few millennia. The waayy out in the future rope a red dwarf for an intergalactic voyage.
If you went in a straight line through the universe, would you eventually get back to where you started? Also, people talk about travelling to Mars and how close that possibility is. However, has there been a solution to the amount of radiation the astronauts would have to endure on the way? Finally, do you believe in planet 9? Cheers. I like your vids.
@11:39 If a black hole with the mass of the observable universe has an event horizon the size of the observable universe, then wouldn't that imply that we must be inside a black hole? And, since the observable universe is shrinking, doesn't that also imply that mass can escape from a black hole?
Hi Fraser, not sure if this is in your area of expertise, but I have a quick question about the "big rip" I have heard that in 22 billion years, the big rip will tear apart atoms and even protons, and then the fabric of space itself. Is this a real thing, or is this just projecting current trends past the reliability of our ability to predict? Thanks
Hi you mentioned that andromeda will Marge with Milky Way what will this process looks like ? Dose it mean it will be a big destruction and all the planets will be destroyed and form completely new planets and new systems ?
Black holes make me daze off thinking about the power the gravity ect. If one could observe a black hole, I can't fully imagine. Bet it'd be sensory overload vacuume of space or not
Why not green screen behind you and just point a camera outside and put it as your backdrop so you get the comfort of the indoors and still have a real/fake background?
...but Fraser, we need our bacteria to survive, shouldn't we release it in the wild on Mars so it can fight it out with any bacteria there? If they die then we know we'll have to take extra precautions against Martian microbes.
All have to do with each other... may asked before.. but maybe i missed it Question one: Has anyone looked at what happens to the upper atmosphere when a rocket pokes through it Question the two : Other than Hydrogen/Oxygen rockets, has anyone looked at the pollution from rocketry in the High atmosphere(the effects) Question the Third: Has anyone checked/looked at the impact on the upper/High atmosphere on satellites burning back down to the earth (off Gasses)
There's been a couple of papers about it. We covered this on Universe Today. www.universetoday.com/156449/more-rocket-launches-could-damage-the-ozone-layer/
There is no such thing as hovering. If you are hovering, what you are doing is pushing against the gravity of whatever body you are near. Since the body pulls on you, and you pull on the body, you are actually not hovering. You are pulling the body by tractor. Very. Very. Very slowly.
Getting samples from Mars makes me wonder about the resilience of life on Earth. When you really examine our existence here, it seems like we are really on a knife's edge of surviving. There is this precarious balance between what is below us and above us. Just a few kilometers below us the planet gets really hot and unviable for biology. And above us you really can't much higher than Mt. Everest for oxygen content. And other properties the atmosphere provides to protect us from evil space stuff. So our range is about 10 km below and 10 km above us for the thin slice of sphere of area to live in. Life here has survived 5 known mass extinctions. Even though we are seemingly very fragile, we (life) seem to somehow always seem to survive. How can we be so resilient when logically it doesn't seem like we should be?
NASA landed on an asteroid back in 1999. At the end of its mission, the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous orbiter was soft landed onto the surface of the asteroid, 433 Eros. It wasn't specifically designed to do it, but NASA thought it would be a cool way to close things up. Pretty badass, IMO.
@@oldmandoinghighkicksonlyin1368 the original 'blue marble' springs to mind. Totally off-mission and spur of the moment. The conversation in the capsule is fairly amusing, bit of a panic to get the right kit to hand.
So if we are already in a black hole, and moving to or away from the center is the the same as moving forward and backward in time..and we are moving backwards in time (entropy works the same backwards and forwards), how can we tell that we are inside a black hole?
They should move testing of anything that could infect humanity to the moon. If COVID was in a lab on the moon it never would have gotten out. I suppose it's possible that the release was intentional.. can't prevent that.
Sure but what if the astronauts studying it bring it back with them, or maybe has an incubation period so they show no noticeable symptoms. Even worse what if it had some sort of extreme unknown morphology and having a more plentiful environment than what it had on Mars like what a moon base or ISS would have or better yet the human body.... 😱 Be like the movie Red Planet but the algea is microbial and much more deadly. 😖
I don't think there's much point for humans to do that. The timescales involved are just too vast. We'd send a mission out and then get the results centuries later. I think we'd have to invent immortality, then a means to hibernate the crew, and have a singular, stable culture on Earth that's willing to invest resources over the course of several current human lifespans. It'd kind of be a bummer for the crew only to wake up from stasis, send a call back home only for no one to answer because we'd forgotten about them or are struggling to survive in the aftermath of world wars 3, 4 and 4b.
I'm sure some religious cult will do it, if just so they will be remembered for more than a few thousand years... The UAE has the money, do they have any religious fanatics? Or a space program?
@@petevenuti7355 there's always the risk of Mormons trying to settle in bug territory. If that happens I want no complain about Buenos Aires being wipe out of the map
Why does the word "even" appear in the thumbnail, Fraser? Please think about useless words like "even" and "just", and "that", and remove them from your written work.
Not to belittle the question of contamination--and your answer is spot on--I seem to remember the same "fear" when samples were brought back from the moon. Turns out it's all inert. We've done a lot of science on Mars so I suspect the same will be true. We may find bacteria from the past, but it's probably not doing much there now. But then again....
We seriously need to scan everything that comes back to earth, before it re-enters our atmosphere. Then clean of anything that would potentially be dangerous for earth.
11:30 even though probably doesn't exist a hard limit of the mass of a black hole, black holes may get to a point in which they can't get mass by accretion discs of gas, because they end up making the gas go away
Dr. Becky has a video on the RU-vid channel Sixty Symbols describing that limit. Although that does not put a limit on the top mas of a black hole, it certainly removes a primary means of black hole growth.
Hey Fraser, why when the Big Bang happened all matter didn’t go into one big all mighty blackhole? What’s the scientific explanation? Love your work, Thanks :) Coruscant.
Alderaan: The Roche limit at that frame of reference gets my vote. 27:46 Fraser: …and this is the part that gets really cool… Me: I don't know, rocks lifting of the asteroid and floating around seems really cool to me. Fraser: *continues* Me: *redefines really cool*
(Bespin) 23:30 you talk about the sun would be the A while the 1st planet would be B, and 3rd C. But what if it's a dual solar system, wouldn't then the 2nd sun become B? Especially if it's a smaller sized or obscured sun, that wasn't discovered until later as a dual system.
Tatooine - Dr Robert Zubrin addressed this issue of "is it Mars life or not?" by pointing out that this life would suddenly appear with zero evidence in the Martian fossil record. That's how we'd know it was from Earth.
What is the theoretical fastest speed a rogue planet could travel through space? Let's say one spends billions of years getting the perfect speed boosts from slingshotting around stars and blackholes (without destroying it). Could we ever ever see a rogue planet hurting through space towards us at unnatural speeds?
Dr. Becky has a video on the RU-vid channel Sixty Symbols describing the limit of black hole growth. Although there is not a limit on the top mas of a black hole, There is a size at which acreation stops working. it certainly removes a primary means of black hole growth.
I like that. I'll kick in a couple of bucks too . . . to move the Sun. Problem, though. That massive reflective thing that's balanced between gravity and pressure - where do you put it? Wouldn't it shade the Earth from time to time . . . for months at a time. Maybe build it above or below, but that limits the direction of travel. Still a cool idea.
Hi Cain Given that we see celestial objects as the were the past, and if hypothetically you was travelling toward one of them at the speed of light would that object appear to be on fast forward, for example the rotation of a galaxy, would it be noticeable?
32:02 a spark would be a better analogy, a spark has enough heat energy to make it glow white hot but it doesn't have enough energy density to make a few skin cells warm up enough for you to notice.
If we're going to send people anyway why not just collect them into one spot and research them there? Send lots of human goop facsimile to be sure, of course. New sub, thanks for all the brain food!
There is actually a point at which you would expect a black hole to stop naturally feeding, as it grows stuff is able to orbit in a stable manner closer and closer to the event horizon until at a certain point (at least in theory) it could no longer form an accretion disk and could only feed from the occasional direct hit with near misses simply flying away or entering a stable orbit.
Hey I got a question is there any possibility that gravity is a artifact or side effect of the fundamental fields interacting with one another? Kind of like rubbing a Balloon on your head and creating static. My thinking is that literally everything that exists that we know of interact with all of these fields we know what particle give something mass what if that particle bumping into any of the fields causing the wave function to collapse inward at that location. I imagine it this as 2 sheets of paper parallel to each other and an atom bouncing In between them causing deformation of the paper at the smallest scale and at that scale the stuff on the surface moves towards the spot of deformation and on the scale of every large like or elements and atoms the effect becomes greater like stars and planets galaxies black holes est. I’m not a scientist but I enjoy thinking even if I’m wrong lol
Conuscant: That is NOT a correct answer. There may be a completely different conscequence at some larger size of mass gathering limit, THAT WE'VE NOT YET SEEN OR SEEN EVIDENCE OF. THE ONLY VALID ANSWER TO THAT QUESTION IS "WE CURRENTLY DON'T KNOW OF A LIMIT TO THE MAXIMUM MASS GATHERING ISSUE. ANY OTHER ANSWER IS INVALID!!!
❔If a black hole could consume the mass of the observable universe, and have an event horizon the size of the observable universe, could our entire observable universe theoretically be inside of a gigantic black hole and our understanding of time/space is already what one would see/experience inside of the event horizon of one of our black holes? Universes inside of universes... just fun to think about!
I think there was no big bang.....like the creator lit a firecracker does not hold water.....more likely we popped out of a black hole....its timeless, forever each way,, forever self replicating... Mars is the origonal planet,,where we come from I heard but yeah, dosnt make it ok to the exspsure. sorry about he spelling...Really like your show, thanks....
Could Hawking radiation coming off of smaller primordial black holes as they evaporate be a possible source of dark energy? My thought process is this, if there are smaller black holes they would admit Hawking radiation exponentially while shrinking. Depending on how many smaller black holes were created during the Big bang, maybe this could be one source.
Hi Frasser Here's a tricky question: Given that exposure to radiation can trigger mutations in DNA and that such a mutation could lead to benefits that makes it easier for an organism to survive in that environment, do you think that humans might experience divergent evolution as they start living on other planets? I mean, let's just say that we've got humans living on Mars, the moon and Earth. Each of those places will be exposed to different amounts of radiation as well as being very different environments from each other. Considering how different such environments are, do you think that we could see up to three distinctly different species of humans living on each planet (or moon) within a few thousand years? Seeing how quickly artificial selection can result in differing phenotypes and genotypes, I don't think it's unreasonable to think that we might see human speciation events within a few thousand years, given how wildly differing the environments would be (ie- different gravity, different amounts of radiation, low ambient air-pressure/ no pressure, etc). But then again, I'm not a biologist, so my opinion is just an opinion, not a scientific prediction.
35:45-Hoag's Object comes to mind. Maybe it's a galaxy reorganized to be a giant gravitational lens telescope? And it's looking right our way. Moreover, the other galaxy inside of it from our vantage point could be part of the same project. As it looks to be formed in a similar manner. Albeit at a much greater distance. Imagine the observational power of an entire string of galaxies, millions or billions of light years apart, reorganized around telescopic principles. Like a series of well-crafted lenses. Organized to work together.
. De ol' "shortage of materials" problem ... for space travel ... Sorta adds more credence to aliens here in the past digging for gold, and as a result.. us humans ... ( food for thought, or grown locally whatever planet/moon/asteroid you're on) .. Great show, great work
On returning Mars samples, is a risk being 'pretty low' good enough? I'm not sure if Mars bacteria/viruses (if they exist) not evolving to live on Earth environments is a valid safety argument. Introduced noxious weeds and animals evolved to live in their native environments. It is when they are introduced to an environment without their endemic checks and balances that they become such a problem.
Hm, I thought that "spaghetification" was actually about how space gets so much more compressed the closer you get to a blackhole, that to move lower, stuff gets horizontally compressed into less space, like as if spacetime was shaped like a 4D funnel, horizontal movement converge due to the geometry of spacetime as the down vector of horizontally adjacent points rotate more and more towards each other, and you're essentially extruded thru spacetime like spaghetti dough coming thru the spaghetti machine...
Fraser, you discussion concerning about how to know if you are looking at a much more advanced civilization started my brain asking a simple question. If this advanced civilization we are attempting to find has rebuilt their galaxies into a more advantageous arrangement for their species, how would you know it when you see it? After all, if they are truly that far advanced from us, then they have likely realized truths in physics and space that we have not even thought of yet. It would be like asking a microbe to recognize a rearrangement into a human. Can we possibly even guess what to look for?
Curuscant. When black holes collide, do they merge together, pop together like a bubble joining, or do they fly together like magnets when they get close?
