The Taimiao Temple is the ancestral temple of ancient Chinese emperors, which can be traced back to the Xia Dynasty. It was called the "Shi Shi" during that time, the "Zhong Wu" during the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the "Ming Tang" during the Zhou Dynasty, and the "Taimiao" after the Qin and Han Dynasties. The Taimiao Temple was a place where emperors worshipped their ancestors and was first built in the 18th year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty (1420). It is located on the east side of Tiananmen Square in Dongcheng District, Beijing and was the main place for emperors to worship their ancestors during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The architectural complex of the Temple of Heaven covers an area of 197000 square meters, with a rectangular plan and triple walls. The main buildings face north and south. The main buildings inside the temple include the Enjoyment Hall (front hall), the Sleeping Hall (middle hall), and the Ancestral Temple (back hall). The Xiang Hall is the place where the emperor holds a grand ceremony, the Sleeping Hall enshrines the tablets of emperors and empresses from all dynasties, and the Zhi Temple enshrines the tablets of the emperor's distant ancestors. The architectural style of the Temple of Heaven is luxurious, using a large amount of precious materials such as golden nanmu and agarwood, demonstrating the solemnity and solemnity of royal architecture.
The Temple of Heaven is not only a religious site, but also an important component of ancient Chinese ritual system, reflecting the tradition of "respecting heaven and ancestors". Its layout is rigorous, its shape is respected, and its red walls, yellow tiles and White Marble terraces are second only to the Forbidden City in the Imperial City. The towering ancient trees inside the temple, especially the ancient cypress trees, add a solemn and solemn atmosphere. It is not only a ancestral temple for ancient emperors to worship their ancestors, but also a relatively complete and large-scale royal ancestral temple complex in China, with immeasurable historical and cultural value.
太庙是中国古代皇帝的宗庙，最早可以追溯到夏朝，当时称为“世室”，殷商时期称为“重屋”，周朝时称为“明堂”，秦汉以后则称为“太庙。太庙是皇帝祭祖的地方，始建于明永乐十八年（1420年），位于北京市东城区天安门东侧，是明清两代皇帝祭祖的主要场所。
太庙的建筑群占地19.7万平方米，平面呈长方形，有三重围墙，主要建筑坐北朝南。庙内的主体建筑包括享殿（前殿）、寝殿（中殿）和祧庙（后殿）。享殿是皇帝举行大祀的地方，寝殿供奉历代皇帝和皇后的牌位，而祧庙则供奉皇帝的远祖牌位。太庙的建筑风格豪华，使用了大量的名贵材料，如金丝楠木和沉香木，显示了皇家建筑的庄严和肃穆。
太庙不仅是一个宗教场所，也是中国古代礼制的重要组成部分，体现了“敬天法祖”的传统。它的布局严谨，形制尊崇，红墙、黄瓦、汉白玉阶基，是皇城内仅次于紫禁城的建筑群。太庙内的古树参天，尤其是古柏，增添了庄严沉穆的气氛。它不仅是古代皇帝祭祖的宗庙，也是中国现存较完整的、规模宏大的皇家祭祖建筑群，其历史和文化价值不可估量。
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8 окт 2024
