Porto Alegre is a Brazilian municipality and the capital of the southernmost state in Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul. With an area of almost 500 km² and a population of 1 492 530 inhabitants, it has a diverse geography, with hills, lowlands and a large lake: the Guaíba. It is 2,027 km from the national capital, Brasília.
The city was founded on the arrival of Azorean couples in the mid-18th century. In the 19th century, it counted on the influx of many German and Italian immigrants, as well as receiving Spaniards, Africans, Poles and Lebanese. Home to the largest urban concentration in the South region and the fifth most populous in Brazil, it developed quickly and is now home to almost 1.5 million inhabitants within municipal limits and around 4,311,019 inhabitants in the metropolitan region. With 37.7% of the population living in apartments, it is the second most verticalized capital in the country, after Vitória (ES). The city faces many challenges, including the fact that part of the population lives in sub-housing conditions, high cost of living, high incidence of obesity and smoking, serious deficiencies in terms of pollution, degradation of original ecosystems, high crime rates and growing traffic problems.
On the other hand, it boasts more than 80 awards and titles that distinguish it as one of the best Brazilian capitals to live, work, do business, study and have fun. It was also highlighted in 2010 by the UN as the number 1 Metropolis in terms of quality of life in Brazil three times; as having one of the 40 best democratic public management models due to its Participatory Budget and for having the best Human Development Index (HDI) among the national metropolises. IBGE data pointed it in 2009 as the Brazilian capital with the lowest unemployment rate, the British consulting firm Jones Lang LaSalle included it in 2004 among the 24 cities with the greatest potential to attract investment in the world[26] and appears in the list of Pricewaterhouse Coopers among the hundred richest cities in the world. Porto Alegre received the classification of self-sufficient city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group & Network (GaWC).
Furthermore, Porto Alegre is one of the most wooded and literate cities in the country, it is a regional hub for attracting migrants in search of better living, working and studying conditions and has an infrastructure in many aspects superior to that of other capitals in Brazil. It made international headlines when it hosted the first editions of the World Social Forum and was chosen as one of the venues for the 2014 World Cup. It also has a qualified and diversified culture, with intense activity in practically all areas of the arts, sports and sciences, often with national projection, in addition to having rich folklore traditions and a significant historical heritage in centuries-old buildings and numerous museums.
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