Liberdade is a tourist district located in the central area of the city of São Paulo, part of the district of Liberdade and part of the district of Sé. It is known as the largest stronghold of the Japanese community in the city, which is considered the largest community in the world. outside of Japan.
The Japanese presence in the neighborhood began when, in 1912, Japanese immigrants began to live on Conde de Sarzedas Street, a steep slope, where, in the lower part, there was a stream and a floodplain area.
One of the reasons they looked for this street was that almost every property had basements, and the rents for the basement rooms were incredibly cheap. In these rooms, only groups of people lived. For those immigrants, that corner of the city of São Paulo meant hope for better days. As it is a central neighborhood, from there they could easily get around to work.
Already at that time, commercial activities began to emerge: an inn, an emporium, a house that made tofu (soy cheese), another that made manju (Japanese sweet) and also employment agency firms, thus forming the "street of the Japanese".
In 1915, Taisho Shogakko (Taisho Primary School) was founded, which helped in the education of the children of Japanese people, then approximately 300 people.
In 1932, there were about 2,000 Japanese in the city of São Paulo. They came directly from Japan and also from the interior of São Paulo, after terminating their labor contract in the fields. Everyone came looking for an opportunity in the city. About 600 Japanese lived on Conde de Sarzedas Street. Others lived on the streets Irmã Simpliciana, Tabatinguera, Conde do Pinhal, Conselheiro Furtado, dos Estudantes and Tomás de Lima (today Mituto Mizumoto), where, in 1914, Hotel Ueji was founded, pioneer of Japanese hotels in São Paulo.
On October 12, 1946, the São Paulo Shimbun newspaper was founded, the first post-war among the Nikkei. On January 1, 1947, it was the turn of Jornal Paulista. In the same year, Livraria Sol (Taiyodo) was inaugurated, still present in the Liberdade neighborhood, which starts importing Japanese books across the United States. The Tunibra travel agency starts its activities in the same year. An orchestra formed by professor Masahiko Maruyama performs the first post-war concert in March 1947, in the auditorium of the Centro do Professorado Paulista, on Avenida Liberdade.
On July 23, 1953, Yoshikazu Tanaka inaugurated, on Galvão Bueno Street, a 5-storey building with a lounge, restaurant, hotel and a large screening room on the ground floor for 1,500 spectators, named Cine Niterói. Different films produced in Japan were shown weekly for the entertainment of Japanese people in São Paulo. Galvão Bueno street becomes the center of the Japanese district, growing around Cine Niterói, having received part of the merchants expelled from Conde de Sarzedas street. It was there that the Japanese could find a little corner of Japan and miss their homeland. In its heyday, the cines Niterói, Nippon (on Santa Luzia street - current headquarters of the Aichi Kenjin kai Association), Joia (on Carlos Gomes square - today a concert hall[5]) and Tokyo (São street) operated in the region. Joaquim - also church).
In April 1964, the building of the Japanese Cultural Association of São Paulo (Bunkyô) was inaugurated on the corner of São Joaquim and Galvão Bueno streets.
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