I love your channel guys but all these products that are alternatives of cigs causes pneumoconiosis, maybe less aggressive that tabacco or weed (which cause direct inhalation of carbon particles) but it will still cause permanent damage which can be eventually fatal.
@@CsStoker I'd have never been able to quit smoking if I hadn't switched to a vaporizer first. It killed the cravings and withdrawal and was much easier to go off of than tobacco was, mostly because vaping is just no where near as satisfying, lol. Smoked for 7 years, switched to a vape for 3 months, and have quit for 4 years now.
Finally, a comprehensive pre-Chinese Empire video! This topic is scarce on RU-vid tbh. Maybe its because of the language barrier plus scarce resources. Keep it up man!
It's a 23 minute video so I'm not sure I'd call it "comprehensive" 😅 hopefully this becomes popular so he can make a series going into more depth covering the period.
@@jonathanwilliams1065 this is a myth propagated by the Han dynasty to discredit the Qin. Qin Shi Huang had Confucian scholars and some of their works burnt, but he kept a copy of everything that was publicly destroyed. Xiang Yu was the person who actually caused a large loss of literature and history by razing the capital to the ground when he overthrew the Qin.
Agreed. It's also frustratingly rare and underrepresented in academia compared to the over focus on Greco Roman history. It's nice to see more focus on the Far East for a change
I am Dutch, 32 years old. I remember browsing the internet as teenager, including RU-vid and I was dying for this kind of content. Chinese history, culture and art was (and even still) feels like a fascinating mystery and a unique perspective on the world apart from the western one. I cherish this.
If you want more content on China, then I recommend the (Fall of Civilizations podcast, Han Dynasty episode)... Their episode on the Khmer Empire is also great.
Great depiction of the 17th century Chinese common infantry type at 0:09, because China at the time were like the Europeans undergoing transitioning from older Tercio type tactics to newer linear tactics. The proliferation of guns also rendered most low ranking Chinese troops went into battlefield without armour since firearms finally became more cost effective at this point. The Chinese matchlock musket seen in the video, were longer and has bigger buttstock similar to the European counterparts due to the changing trends of the battlefield, and it finally replaced handcannons and earlier Portuguese Arquebuses. The funny thing is throughout 80 years of Chinese film making developments, most Chinese film producers depicted the Ming era and Manchu Soldiers fought like an Ancient armies with Medieval era weaponry due to lack of historical research and also due to huge influence of Wuxia genre(One man with Jedi capabilities mowing down dozens of enemies).
It's 16th century Ming northern army, the northern army historically perfered the triple barrel handgun because it can be used as a mace. You are talking about the Qing, which had at most 60% musketeers, China pretty much always had something similar to the Tercios. Warring states Chinese armies had 60% crossbowmen, and fought like a pike and shot manner, with field fortifications and impressive fortresses which were only rivaled in the west with the advent of star forts. The transition to linear tactics only happened after the opium wars.
Mandate of Heaven explained using Zoomer lingo : "You are so cringe ngl Big Sky Daddy depicted you as Soyjak and me as Chad. Get L+Ratio'd, all those Gyatts are mine now." Typing this makes me want to drink immortality elixir.
Yes, but I'd imagine 95% of people including nobles and other important figures actually believing in this mandate considering how central it is to chinese history. And you know, not everyone is educated and some are stubborn etc, etc.
Not just an excuse, but a "divine justification" that everyone (including the usurpers themself) will believe in if he succeeds. "If god/heaven didn't look after them, how would they succeed"?
Liangzhu was definitely china's earliest civilization. It has hallmarks of a civilization including monumental architecture. For example, It produced the world's earliest large scale hydraulic works 5100 years ago
What we know so far about China’s first emperor tomb is only the tip of the iceberg. When China is finally ready to open up the tomb, the world will be in a state of shock.
It’s a scam, they won’t open it because the Sinitic frauds are working on it right now so that we believe that their buildings are that of their old emperor’s tomb.
Bro. This is exactly the video I've been needing forever. Maybe this will help inspire me to start over the asian side of my Minecraft world. The old world was so nice, and while the geography is excellent, even better than the old world. I just don't have the inspiration to begin it.
Wow, this video packed 10,000 years of history into 23 minutes! 🤯 I learned so much about the early foundations of China's rise to power. Particularly interesting was the development of bronze casting.
2,656 were executed. "These numbers are probably not meant to be taken literally." Awfully specific math, if being casually vague was their intent, lol...
It really depends on the number system youre working with, a good example is I believe ancient Hebrew used multiples of the number of joints on a hand, and different cultures have different ways to exaggerate "massive number" in the same way we'd use 1000 in English. Tons of little quirks like this make it difficult to say for sure, and many of these especially that old could be lost to history
Love the dancing panda at the end. About the 400k army in a battle comment, I’d love to see the process as to how historians would estimate true army sizes. For example, Gaugemala ‘s wiki page states the modern size of the Persian army as high as 250k vs a much higher ancient source account. Wondering how factors such as length of the battle, if it was close to logistic enablers such as rivers, decisiveness of a battle in ensuring victory, closeness to city/dense population areas, mass grave/burial sites, and conscription practices influence modern estimations of ancient battles Edit: also the narrative purpose and temporal closeness of written sources also would play a role
Always odd that historians seem to arbitrarily diminish the sizes of ancient armies, based on assumptions of what the population and local resources could presumably support, yet take so many other archaeological evidences at face value, with nowhere near the same level of skepticism.
Well I remember reading somewhere that said a trick ancient historian used to inflate army sizes was to include woman and children and logistic support such as servants or baggage carriers. But I guess for the Chinese army size account I would think it would be somewhat more accurate as during the Warring States period there was an increase in centralization and bureaucracy. This was because the state that can mobilize the most men for the army will usually conquer the other. So I guess there were extensive and mostly reliable records of these conscriptions and army sizes.
@@BeingFireRetardant archaelogical evidence are primary sources, in themselves not used by someone to change the narrative. Early writing is invariably mostly propaganda with political intent. From Caesar to Napoleon generals wrote their victory pamphlet for political goals and as propaganda (in these two cases we do know that they did that). So your statement is very weird in that regards. Yes, archaelogists do assume it less likely someone put a vase in the ground to trick them vs. that a politican lied on his propaganda pamphlet. The high figures simply conflict with populations at the time and what seems feasible logistically. Also there are simply conflicts in counting for military purposes. In fact for better logistical planning Eastern armies from ancient Persia to the Ottoman Empire counted everyone and everything in an army aka soldiers, retinue, camp followers and animals(!), not just soldiers. Other effect can be counting all enemy armies in a war while only counting your single army defeating one for your own side. Oftentimes they may not be even malicious, it can occur simply because e.g. theatre numbers were the only numbers known or a chronist did not know that ancient Persians counted army size that way and was proud he had researched Persian sources at all and happy to take the higher numbers. In some cases empires also inflated the might of the armies and played into propagating outlandish army sizes to intimidate their foes. That is also an easy way how you get to giant numbers and the valiant underdog for the just cause deigned by fate to win against any odds is always a strong motif for political reasons.
Laws in the warring states clearly stated that Chinese males aged 16 and over were required to be drafted into the military. Moreover, at that time China was the most populous country in the world with 40-45 million people. Each state may have a population of up to 7 million people. In addition, the ancient Chinese also had agencies specifically responsible for growing rice for use in warfare.
Thank you for the video, if I have to nitpick, the Zhou is pronounce “Joe” not “shoe”, in fact there is another dynasty in the three kingdom period called “Shu”
Great to see you dive into Chinese history! You love to see it. If you plan to do more on that part of history, consider taken 20min to check the basic pronunciation rules of Pinyin, the transliteration of the chinese characters. You can ignore tones for this audience, but for example “Zhou” is more close to the english name Joe than the word shoe. The cherry on the top would be to not use simplified chinese characters, since these weren’t introduced until the 20th century or so. Anyway, love your work!
Hey, thanks for the comment. This is well out or comfort zone / field of expertise, so we're actually pretty happy that - besides a few comments regarding wrong architectural depictions - the only substantial criticism seems to be that much of the pronunciation is wrong. We will work on it next time!
@@SandRhomanHistoryit’s a great attitude you guys have keep up the great work! And I do agree pronunciation is important, of course nobody expects you to pronounce words like a native speaker, but it can get really confusing if Chinese words are pronounced completely wrong. It would be as if I made a video on George Washington but pronounced his name as geh-ore-geh Was-hinge-ton. Even if you’re a native English speaker you might have to do a double take to process what is being said.
I adore the panda that dances at the end. My curiosity is piqued by the idea of a 40,000-strong army in a battle remark; I wonder how historians get at these estimates. As an example, according to Gaugemala's wiki page, the Persian army was 250k strong in modern times, which is far lower than the much larger ancient source account. Curious about the aspects that impact modern evaluations of historical battles. These include the length of the war, its proximity to logistic facilitators like rivers, the battle's decisiveness in guaranteeing victory, its proximity to cities or densely populated areas, mass graves or burial sites, and conscription practices.
Sanxingdui is not considered part of China proper at the time. It was a separate civilization and culture. I think the video is only talking about how Han Chinese united China and became an imperial power. If we're including Sanxingdui, may as well include Dian, Yelang, Âu Lạc, and all the other Baiyue kingdoms of the south.
@@conho4898 "Han Chinese" did not exist at that period. They consisted and were made up of many different ancient groups of people including the Baiyue (many different tribes). Before that, the Chinese kingdoms/states/empires in the central plain of China considered and regarded themself as "Hua Xia" people which also consisted and were made up of many ancient tribes.
Hope you make a video on the new model army to fjnslize your pike and shot armies series. I keep hearing how the NMA is much better than the sweddish batallions during the English civil war
The pronounciation is terrible. Funnily enough he doesn't mention the new discoveries in Sichuan and Inner Mongolia, especially the impressive stone complex at Shimao.
Wow, when you read into Chinese history like this, and it makes you realize that China went through development through these centuries of warring to become an empire. And Now, China as we see it today, is a historically rich culture with many dynasties and teachings taught from the past. It learned about a form of democracy with the mandate of heaven, a form of freedom. They warred with professionalism and had beauracracy. Today, China with its historical experience, truly does have a chance of becoming a shining empire again.
They were 1/3 of the world GDP about 300-400yrs ago, before the british sacked them in the opium war. China will return to its former glory. Its GDP has quadrupled in the last 14 yrs. Quadruple!!
According to our oral history and folk song, our ancestor escaped from the tyrant king, Qin Shihuangdi (221BC) as they were used as a forced labor in the construction of the Great Wall of China. Sinluang village was where once our ancestors lived, and Mahou Taubei ( Minhau in Chinese) was the cave mountain from which our forefathers began their migration. Rongmei Naga people of North East India believed Yunan Province in China to be their original place of origin. According to our oral history , frequent floods, raids from Barbarians and forced labor was the main reason for migration.
Great documentary short. But I have to tell you that “Zhou” is NOT pronounced “shoe” like tie your shoe, but rather “Joe” like cup of joe or the biblical name JOEseph.
Last glacial period (70,000-11,000 years ago) Apart from the peoples who entered East Asia before 70,000 years ago, there is no other route into East Asia except via Southeast Asia. The impact of the 130-meter retreat of the sea level on the environment is therefore significant.
There's quite a few pronunciation errors in this video, but there's also some incorrect use of ancient characters (for example, 战车 is in simplified when it should be in large seal script). A much worse error, however, is citing a textbook from 2006 claiming that the Zhou were a simple continuation of the Shang. This is definitely not true, at least in the current literature (possibly only from the Chinese side), as it's now known that the Shang were far more egalitarian and less hierarchical than the Zhou. The Zhou established patriarchal rule and inheritance, whereas the Shang were matrilineal. There's a bunch of other social and class changes the Zhou instituted and influence they absorbed from the "barbarians" they conquered, but that gets really into the weeds.
Try to imagine remaining in a chariot like that while moving at the full speed of the team of horses. Now, imagine trying to remain on the chariot while shooting an arrow , throwing a spear or swinging a dagger-axe. An amazing feat to be certain.
It is disgusting that so-called Western historians would rather take Homer's epic and King Arthur as history than believe in the remains of ancient cities from the Xia Dynasty in China.😅
Another great video! Keep up the great content and can't wait for more videos on ancient china or ancient java or ancient Vietnam or even ancient India!!
There is a very obvious error in this video, and it was intentional The Shang Dynasty was not the first dynasty in China at all. The Xia Dynasty was the first dynasty in China The Xia Dynasty was not a void dynasty as he said except for historical documents. There are no ruins to prove it. On the contrary, there is a huge city ruins in the village of Erlitou, Henan Province, with huge city walls, city arterial roads, eight palaces and many noble tombs unearthed in one corner of the city, as well as bronze workshops and weapons, jade, pottery, and more. The urban underground drainage pipe network must be made of ceramics. The ruins of this city date back to 3,800 years ago, which is obviously 500-600 years earlier than the last capital of the Shang Dynasty, "Yin Ruins". Moreover, this site was first discovered in 1976 and has been excavated for more than 50 years now. This site is very famous in the Chinese archaeological community. Although it does not have a systematic text unearthed like the Yin Ruins, it also has 500 pottery words, which is obvious. It was the last capital of the First Dynasty of China, because the location of this area and the time of the city's decline are consistent with historical documents in C14 You unilaterally avoided this important site and chose to skip it directly, saying that the Shang Dynasty was the first dynasty in China. This is obviously a very amateurish approach.
The error goes beyond that. At 17:19 in the video, if they had a slight understanding of Chinese, or even flipped through Chinese encyclopedias, they would not have made such factual errors. The enemies of the Western Zhou Dynasty were the "Canrong" tribes from the northwest region of China, rather than the nomadic nomads on Mongolian grass (at that time, there was not even a Mongolian ethnic group).
@@ottoappocalyse4085 yes it's interesting People who don’t understand Chinese come to make videos about Chinese history. There is no need to refer to ancient Chinese documents, nor to go to Chinese history museums, nor even to read China’s annual archaeological papers and reports. He only has to rely on his own prejudices and imagination.
@@dailm8056 I directly raised the error mentioned above to the video author four hours ago, and now the comment has disappeared. Only my message under your comment survived.🙃
Great content, but a couple of notes on the pronunciation: Qin : Chin (where name China originated) Zhou : Jou (not quite the ‘j’ sound, but close. Anything Chinese that starts with ‘z’ can be pronounced with the ‘j’ sound)
Qin Shi Huang's clothing is not quite right. The formal attire for the Son of Heaven (a title for the highest ruler of a unified Chinese dynasty) used for ceremonial purposes has had a fixed color and style for thousands of years. The upper part is black, representing the heavens, while the lower part is yellow, representing the earth. The edges and the middle of the clothing use red, representing humanity, with a color scheme similar to the German flag. The left shoulder has a red circular sun emblem, and the right shoulder has a white circular moon emblem. Additionally, the attribute of the Qin dynasty is water, and in China, black represents water.
@@Xinnmg No it's more like "Joe", something between "Joe" and "Dro", without the obvious R. In standard mandarin at least. It is completely different in other Chinese/Sinitic languages. For example in Cantonese it's "Zau", like "cow".
It's interesting that the history of China seems to have a collectivist lean going back to the prehistoric period. I tend to not believe in ethnocentric traits, especially in the area of psychological or mental development. But it's hard to hand wave thousands of years of a trend.
It's amazing how uncritically people take the propaganda of the cultural revolution and Chinese revisionist history to be more collectivist and that the CCP is the natural progressive result of their history. It's almost like that's a helpful narrative for the ruling class 🤔
A very cool look into early chinese history and warfare. I had no idea chariots were so important, it seems like it would be much easier to use riders mounted on horses, rhinos, or really another other animal. By comparison a chariot needs a lot more work to make a single effective fighting unit as the wagon/harness needs to be built and 3 men trained in specialized roles. Infantry focused armies definitely seem easier to raise, train and maintain.
there was no stirrup yet, so riding a horse, especially for any extended period of time was difficult. plus war was ritualized at the time, there was no real need for calvary, conducting flank attacks and sneak attacks were considered cowardly and unbefitting of nobles. it was only later with the increasing threat from the nomads and warfare becoming "real" rather than a ritual, that china got rid of chariots and created cavary.
horses at the time were small, and had weak spines, not partially ridable until one of the dynasties stole some "heavenly horses" with an large army, from an "Greek" city state (left overs from alexanders conquests) in central asia
I don't think chariot technology was introduced from the West, because our iron-making technology matured much later than that of the West and was still in the Bronze Age.
Cry about it Sinitic. You all steal, historically and even today. Know your place Chariots did not need any important metals, it only required horse domestication which the Sinitic body would be unable to achieve. Your weaker bodies required the stronger Mesopotamian frames to develop such chariots.
I always found the art depicting pre bronze age peoples quite weird, is so rare see that cultures and think that this are the ancesters of chinese people, they look so diferent.
We called ourselves 黄炎子孙. Meaning the children of Huang and Yan. It is believed that the Yan is tribal people whose clan were from south China. Their costume would have been closer to the one depicted in the video around 4000BC. Also it makes sense that before garment was invented or being able to mass produce, Mankind would used animal skins or hair as clothes. As the fabric making technology advanced, only then they were able to slowly switch from animal skin to full fabric made garment like those cloth seen in China around 2000bc.
Thanks for making this video and shedding some light on pre-imperial China! I'm curious, at 10:23, it's implied that not all Shang soldiers were armed with bronze weapons. What other material would their weapons have been made of? Also, some notes in case you plan on making more videos about Chinese warfare: the "ZH" consonant pair in modern Chinese pinyin is pronounced closest to the "J" sound in English, maybe "Dsch" if you prefer German, or "ДЖ" in Russian. So "Zhou" would be pronounced like the name "Joe", more or less. The "X" consonant is closest to "SH" in English, and the "Q" is closest to "CH" as in "chicken".
The verse quoted at 15:47 is not a description of war, it is a love poem“Crying Ospreys”. Here is its translation: Merrily the ospreys cry, On the islet in the stream. Gentle and graceful is the girl, A fit wife for the gentleman. Short and long the floating water plants, Left and right you may pluck them. Gentle and graceful is the girl, Awake he longs for her and in his dreams. When the courtship has failed, Awake he thinks of her and in his dreams. Filled with sorrowful thoughts, He tosses about unable to sleep. Short and long the floating water plants, Left and right you may gather them. Gentle and graceful is the girl, He'd like to wed her, the qin and se (1) playing. Short and long the floating water plants, Left and right you may collect them. Gentle and graceful is the girl, He'd like to marry her, bells and drums beating. I suggest you search for the Chinese pronunciation of this poem, even if you don't understand Chinese. Even without background music, the rhythm and mood of this poem are very good. The text reading is as good as singing. This is one of the classic masterpieces of Chinese poetry.
I was listening to this without looking at the video and I for real thought you were saying Shu instead of Zhou untill past half of the video I looked and saw Zhou written. Zh is pronounced as "j" in english. I don't mean to be rude but the pronunciations in this vid were very bad. And I don't mean the tones or stuff like that - I'm not a Chinese speaker myself, but a simple pronunciation check using google translate takes seconds and can help you say something in the ballpark of what it should sound like.
10:26 So what was the poor soldiers' equipment made of? Stone? Its facinating how "China" after the period shown in this video, has been more or less the same state (I guess the Qin-empire was the first time the idea of a "unified China" came into existence?) Yes I know there were a few civil wars, warring states-periods and changes of dynasties. But its more like the same state that has gone through several iterations and built itself up gradually, rather than a series of different states and empires succeeding each other, like in other parts of the world. Its so consistent, like the same council of ministers kept China on the same course throughout several dynasties and emperors. Which I suppose is what happened, isn't it.. Got to wonder though, how much of this is actually true, and how much is fabricated history to give the later dynasties more legitimacy? Also its interesting how the chinese state managed to keep itself together all this time. Rather than being replaced by a rival power when it fell, it got back on its feet under new management every time. Was this because all the other independent states around China was really just copying chinese state-building? So the "legacy" of the empire was so valuble that it was better to proclaim yourself "the next chinese empire" rather than replace it with something new? Or was it more like a Persian situation, where you had the same bureaucracy-system and infrastructure, which was just taken over by various conquerors and emperors?
Before you learn Chinese and read some official history books written in Chinese, it is best not to assume that "Chinese historical poetry is homogeneous, continuous, and uninterrupted". The construction of institutions and the development of productivity are closely related. The "ghost and god" ideology of the Shang Dynasty gave rise to a culture of human sacrifice, oracle bone inscriptions, and drinking. The highly developed bronze smelting technology left behind a large number of exquisite and huge bronze artifacts (try searching for "Houmu Wuding" and "Siyang Fangzun") and strengthened the country's military power, further concentrating power. The Zhou Dynasty overthrew the Shang Dynasty and learned from it. It developed the "ritual education" and "patriarchal system", using etiquette to restrain the common people and clan to restrain the royal family. Based on these two systems, it implemented the "enfeoffment system" to expand its territory and eliminate enemies while ensuring the stability of the royal family. As a result, China's territory was greatly expanded. Due to underdeveloped productivity, the "well field system" is implemented economically, with limited intervention in agricultural production and direct taxation. Although this method of taxation is efficient, it can only be used for relatively small economic scales. The Qin and Han dynasties ended the Zhou dynasty, and the people and rulers who experienced the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods were unwilling to bear this kind of rebellion anymore. Therefore, they must pursue further national unity, material and spiritual aspects. So the "emperor" system was born, with a more stable inheritance system called the "legitimate eldest son inheritance system", a selection system for talents recommended by local officials called the "censorial system", a refined government balance system called the "three officials and nine ministers system", a vast road network called the "galloping road", a "land reclamation system" led by the central army, and a "land private ownership", "salt and iron state-owned", and "unified coinage rights" based on developed economies. The university "Taixue" established in the capital established senior officials to serve as the president, with the "Confucian ideology" centered on cultivating physical and mental harmony and family governance of the world as the national ideology. The emperor regularly held scholar conferences to discuss the "White Tiger View". Meetings and so on. However, the excessive emphasis on ideology in the Han Dynasty also led to the overthrow of the Han Dynasty by the most famous (not the most talented) Confucian scholar, Wang Mang, and the establishment of a "new" dynasty. However, his retro behavior (using old economic, diplomatic, and military systems) brought huge economic and humanitarian disasters, and the people who could not survive rebelled one after another. In the end, among the various rebels, another distant family member, Liu Xiu, rebuilt the country and still named it the "Han" dynasty to show his identity and legitimacy. The failure of the "New" dynasty proved that China was not static, otherwise its retro policies would not have caused so much destruction that they spawned a large number of opponents to overthrow it. Of course, the "Han" dynasty established by Liu Xiu was vastly different from the previous "Han" dynasty that was replaced by the "New" dynasty. As for where the difference lies, let those curious individuals who are truly interested in Chinese history discover it. Perhaps try starting by personally searching Wikipedia (a better suggestion is to use a machine to translate your own questions, then search on the Chinese "Baidu" encyclopedia, and then translate those Chinese back to read, with serious advice from a Chinese person)
thats because since the han dynasty it was ingrained into Chinese thought that if you wanted to be a ruler, your goal was the entirety of china. any who merely want to control a small state was seen as illegitimate by well...everyone, meaning you had no right to rule, meaning anyone can and should rise up and take your place. any invaders that conquered china still needed to rule the place, and since china already already has a established system, the invaders just used that and so china broke but always came back together.
this was really interesting. thank you. personally, i didn't know much about china. your video taught me a lot of new stuff. this also provides necessary context to what happened in India, Mesopotamia and Egypt which all were somewhat ahead in comparison to China, at least in my view. China seems a bit more on the rural side with almost no cities and no major enemies.
idk how you can watch this and get an idea that china was behind the other early civs. They had an incredibly advanced bearucracy, large armies, huge cities and larger populations. It took Rome for the rest of the world to catch up to China
Dude what are you talking about, Chagan, Beijing etc were often the largest cities for hundreds of years throughout human civilization, and China itself had most of the population for most of recorded human history as well
@@ZxZ239 China did become a powerhouse later in history, but it's also true that its civilization started off less urbanized than other ancient civilizations. Chang'an only just became relevant with the rise of Qin, and there is a big jump between that and the Medieval Chang'an.
Ancient China has some interesting parallels to late Medieval/early Modern Europe. Unlike some other periods of peaceful stagnation, the China of this time was contested by warring states which spurred advances in technology, military theory, and social organization. The main difference of course was that Qin eventually defeated the other states, but no European dynasty managed to conquer every other rival, even if some got closer than others. Makes you wonder what could've been if there was a complete and legitimate "second Rome" in Europe - something tells me it would've fallen into the same pitfalls of Qin in suppressing ideological discourse (especially if it arose after the Protestant reformation.)
We pay artists to create them. The charaters / chariots / soldiers are pretty much all commissioned pieces. the backgrounds are mostly liscenced from various platforms.
Hey, Chinesisch sprächende Schwiizer hie, falls dich interessiert "Zhou" werd wie tschau uusgsproche aber met d und o, also "dschou". Intonation vergessemer mol,lol. Großartigs Video, daumen hoch wie immer
