See what Erythronium americana looks like in every season of the year, as well as oodles of additional information about this plant. Common names: Yellow Trout Lily, American Trout-lily, Eastern Trout-lily, Yellow Dogtooth Violet, Adder's Tongue, fawn lily, yellow adder's-tongue, Yellow fawn lily.
Sun: Shade, partial sun
Soil Moisture: Medium to medium-wet
Soil Type: Humus-rich, loam, silt, sand, some clay (well-drained and acidic)
Height: 4 to 8 inches
Bloom: March - May (days to 1-2 weeks)
Pollinators: Miner bee (specialist to Erythronium sp.), bumblebees, Mason bees, Andrenid bees, butterflies, blowflies
Endangered Status: Vulnerable, imperiled, critically-imperiled in some places, overall secure.
Videos Mentioned:
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Books Mentioned/Quoted:
The Green Brain by Frank Herbert
Helgoland by Carlo Rovelli
Reality is Not What it Seems: The Journey to Quantum Gravity by Carlo Rovelli
Nail Polish in Video:
"Iconic" by ILNP
"Strawberry Shake" by ILNP
"Enchanted Forest" by Emily de Molly
"Bite Me" by ella + mila
"Lucky Little Leprechaun" by Nail Hoot
Scientific References:
Austen, Emily J, SY Lin, JRK Forrest 2018 On the ecological significance of pollen color: a case study in American trout lily (Erythronium americanum). Ecology. 99(4): 926-937.
Flora of North America. 1808. 26: 161 (Plate 1113).
Blodgett, FH 1910 The Origin and Development of Bulbs in the Genus Erythronium. Botanical Gazette. 50(14): 340-373.
Cavallito, CJ and TH Haskell 1946 α-Methylene Butyrolactone from Erythronium Americanum. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 68(11): 2332-2334.
Harder, LD, JD Thomson, MB Cruzan, et al. 1985 Oecologia. 67: 286-291.
Knerr, EB 1892 Notes on Certain Species of Erythronium. Botanical Gazette. 17(10): 326-328.
Knerr, EB 1897 The Propagation of Erythroniums. Transactions of the Annual Meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science. 15: 73-75.
Lapointe, L and S Lerat 2006 Annual growth of the spring ephemeral Erythronium americanum as a function of temperature and mycorrhizal status. Canadian Journal of Botany. 84(1): 39-48.
Lapointe, L and J Molard 1997 Costs and benefits of mycorrhizal infection in a spring ephemeral, Erythronium Americanum. New Phytologist. 135: 491-500.
Lerat, S, R Gauci, JG Catford, et al. 2002 14C transfer between the spring ephemeral Erythronium americanum and sugar maple saplings via arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in natural stands. Oecologia. 132: 181-187.
Muller, RN and FH Bormann 1976 Role of Erythronium americanum Ker. in Energy Flow and Nutrient Dynamics of a Northern Hardwood Forest Ecosystem. Science 193:1126-1128.
Muller, R 1978 Ecological Monographs. 48(1): 1-20.
Petrauski, L, SF Owen, GD Constantz, et al. 2019 Changes in flowering phenology of Cardamine concatenata and Erythronium americanum over 111 years in the Central Appalachians. Plant Ecology 220: 817-828.
Ruhren, S and M Dudash 1996 Consequences of the Timing of Seed Release of Erythronium americanum (Liliaceae), a Deciduous Forest Myrmecochore. American Journal of Botany. 83(5): 633-640.
Stokes, RL, M Philpott, TM Culley 2019 The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 146(3): 143-154.
Stokes, RL 2012 Pollination Ecology, Self-incompatibility and Genetic Diversity in the Herbaceous Eastern North American Spring Ephemeral, Erythronium Americanum. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cincinnati.
Tessier, J 2017 Importance of depth in soil to corm survival in Erythronium americanum (Liliaceae). Rhodora. 119(977): 33-43.
Tessier, J 2019 American Journal of Botany. 106(10): 1392-1396.
Tessier, J 2020 Northeastern Naturalist. 27(2): 318-329.
Thomson, JD 1986 Journal of Ecology. 74(2): 329-341.
Other References:
Illinois Wildflowers
Nature Serve Explorer
USDA Plants
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
The Michigan Nature Guy’s Blog: Donald Drife
Forager Chef
North Carolina State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
Native Plant Trust
Missouri Botanical Garden
Adirondacks Forever Wild
Minnesota Wildflowers
North American Rock Garden Society
Chapters:
0.25 Plant conditions
1.58 Video location
2.40 Early spring (mid-March)
7.09 Early spring (late March)
10.58 C Rovelli Quote1
12.41 Mid-Spring (early April)
18.25 Research image of underground and leaves (1910)
27.24 Mid-Spring (mid-April)
29.31 Mid-Spring (late April)
30.27 Late Spring (early May)
31.27 Late Spring (mid-May)
34.31 Late Spring (late May)
36.16 Early Summer (June)
37.46 Mid Summer (July)
38.24 Late Fall (November)
38.49 Mid Winter (January)
39.08 Late Winter (February)
39.54 Early Spring (early March)
43.22 EB Knerr Quote (1897)
47.19 C Rovelli Quote 2
All video and images are created by the Native Flower Power channel creator, unless otherwise noted.
6 сен 2024
