What Happened to Bella Hadid's Face? Plastic Surgeon Reacts 

I blame their mother. She has been brutal to those sisters their entire lives. When your own mother constantly points out their flaws and pushing them into modeling, you can see why Bella decided to give in to the pressure to “conform”.

The work she had done aged her 10 years.

I was sincerely shocked when I realized that Bella was actually younger than Gigi. I think these proceedures have aged her considerably. Bella was beautiful as she was, but I can imagine having a sibling famous for her outward appearance would be difficult to deal with pschologically without good parenting. It's really sad for Bella and for the young women who idolize her.

I thank God I stumbled upon this channel. I am 40 and was bullied a lot in junior high school. I’m a Black woman and as a girl I was constantly teased for having a large flat nose, chubby cheeks. I’ve been in therapy for 3 years I’ve also traveled the world and learned that beauty standards are entirely subjective. In Argentina my face is considered gorgeous because it’s not the norm there. Men stopped on the street and told me how beautiful I was. In Brazil my face was not considered classically beautiful but I saw myself in so many Afro-Brazilian women that I learned to love myself. Now watching this channel I’m thankful that learning to love the face I have is the journey that I’m on. ❤️

I’m 38. When I was a child I was called ugly. I would be compared with one of my friends and kids (and adults) would say that I was “the ugly girl”. Fast forward, I accepted that my looks would not get me far, so I focused on studying, and I got good at it. I am aware that these experiences hurt me and left a scar, but I have built a life that does not rely on my appearance. I can’t even imagine what young people are being exposed to…constantly bombarded with beauty standards that are unattainable. I am a new mom, and when I saw my newborn I cried so much thinking…he is beautiful and perfect just the way he is…I wouldn’t change anything…why do I keep seeing flaws in the mirror…they do not exist. I know that anyone can do whatever they want to their bodies, but if no one has told you today: you are beautiful, you’ve always been and will always be. 💜💜💜

It’s deeply troubling that Bella had a nose job at 14. In Australia (and I presume it’s the same in the USA), a minor can’t have any cosmetic procedures performed without parental consent. This would mean that Yolanda signed off on it. In fact, I would bet that she encouraged it and was the driving force behind it happening… what kind of 14 year old even thinks to get a nose job, let alone go through with one? I highly doubt it was Bella’s idea. And that thought alone makes me really sad for Bella 😔

We should blame ourselves. We call people names and comment about their appearance in a negative way and think it is okay...and then we say OMG why would they do that to their face.

This is why I've never idolized models or Hollywood star looks. I can't imagine the pressure and stress these people face, trying to turn themselves into an unrealistic mannequin. My heart breaks for these ladies. I'm far from "model" looks, and I'm learning to push past the lies media promotes, and have more confidence as I age. I'll be 50 in two years, and I want to be a positive example of self acceptance, for my nieces and grandchildren.

It’s a shame folks can’t leave what they were naturally gifted with alone. It’s nice to see the doctor adds his critique, however, he’s always kind and careful with his words. True professional!

It’s sad because Bella is not unattractive pre surgery - she’s quite beautiful - but she didn’t conform to USA beauty standards per se. She looked more like a Middle Eastern Princess. It’s sad that the Eurocentric beauty standards are so dominant. I wish the curved nose would be seen as beautiful other than the European upturned button nose (that honestly not even many European people have themselves).

I remember reading Michael Jackson's biography when I was much younger. One part that really stuck with me was when he described seeing his father whenever he looked in the mirror, due to his distinctive nose - I can't remember whether he specifically gave it as a reason for his initial surgery, but considering the abusive relationship they had, it was at least inferred as a reason...

When I see the before and after photos, I think it's really tragic that so many people are destroying their beautiful faces. 😥

I had a co worker that had a lot of work done and she had a 13 year old daughter that looked like her before all the plastic surgery. She would tell her daughter that she will fix her face once she's 16. It was so sad. 💔

This is exactly what I love about Cher, Jane Fonda and most of all Dolly Parton. They don't pretend not to have done a bunch of work (much of it unnecessary, imho) these ladies just openly acknowledge that it is part of show business. Jane Fonda recently admitted to regretting much of the work she had done, but she does look very elegant and balanced. I definitely agree with Stephanie regarding traumatizing childhoods and extreme surgery. Michael Jackson was a tragic poster boy. I think that poor Bella has ruined her face at this point.

Your theory is 100% true in my case, I don’t even like to look at old pictures of myself because I see the pain I was going through. When I see pictures of myself now, all I know is the happiness I’ve found since I’ve made these chsnges

It's really sad that she felt the need to completely change her face so much -- and let's be honest, it's because of her mother. What a shame.

She didn't need to make any changes to her face. She had her own unique and pretty look to her. Her sister, to me, has a more typical look, like "California girl" look whereas she has a more exotic look. If she let herself mature to her full-grown look she could have seen how pretty she was as an individual. So sad that she fell victim to the pressures of the celebrity world around her.

The thing that saddens me is not plastic surgery itself but the fact these women erase their ancestral beauty traits. Those that made you stand out from the rest. The unconventional beauty of today ! Instead they all morph into the same standard face becoming generic. Almost like society is deliberately trying to erase all diversity of ethnic beauty !

the fact that she admitted to the nose job tells me all i need to know. usually, when people start getting procedures, it never just stops at one. they usually have more because sometimes the one procedure can off balance the rest of your face and require some more modifications to balance it all out.

Ever since I started reading into celebrity plastic surgeries, Ive been feeling so much better about myself. Dr when will you drop your skin care routine? You are glowing and no wrinkles!! 😊

I truly belive kids and teens shouldn't be allowed to get plastic surgery ,Bella may have grown into her original features, would she have waited until she was an adult , Teens don't seem to understand that once you operate your nose there is no coming back

I honestly think at this point that just growing up in Southern California qualifies as trauma for a young girl. Women there are held to such ridiculous standards, and body augmentation is so rampant that no natural face/body can possibly measure up. I look forward to the day when women revolt against these expectations, from BBLs and poofy lips, to lasered hair and bleached bum holes. It really is time for a massive social correction.

I don’t have childhood trauma but I work with a lot of clients who do, so I have some background. I’m also a domestic violence survivor (severe, attempted murder 3 counts on top of severe violence while pregnant daily, whether it be psychological, financial, or physical). There is definitely a correlation between trauma and changing yourself (just like some turn to drugs, alcohol, etc. others turn to plastic surgery or changing their looks.) I know when I got freed of my experience I changed my hair for safety reasons but oddly after watching this I’m realizing it did a lot for me to move forward and not associate myself NOW to the traumatized old self. I didn’t get surgery but I changed styles, behaviour, and what we all do in a breakup - HAIR ! Also look at trauma survivors and the correlation with the punk goth looks or anything out of the norm. It is a sense of control and not wanting to be the self that was so deeply hurt. (Extreme cases like cutting, but in a diff perspective).

I absolutely love how genuine and down to earth your commentary is.

her mom contributed massively.

Why do celebs feel the need to lie even in the 2020s, when this stuff is WIDELY accepted for non-celebs even? Is it pressure from their management just in case they ever want to sell a skincare/beauty line? There HAS to be a bigger reason than shame, because it just doesn't make sense anymore.

The bit about the asymmetry in her cupids bow was fascinating!! It makes so much sense, and pointing out that the higher nostril corresponds with the higher lip made it crystal clear to understand. I love your videos Dr. Gary!! Please do a follow up on her surgeries in 10 years haha

People forget that they might have kids… and the kids will look like the original you. Imagine how confusing and sad that must be for a child… to not look like their mother/father. It’s heartbreaking how Bella’s mother pressured her own children to make such drastic changes… these changes are for LIFE. Once you go under the knife, you can not undo it. Sometimes parents literally project their own insecurities onto their children to try to fulfil their own…comfort… it’s so messed up.

I shudder to think what her face would look like in 10-15 years!!!

A girl admitting to surgery is like a gym bro admitting to steroids

nice commentary. you're always so respectful and informative. thank you.

Doc talking about adjusting for height mismatch during operating shows me what a professional and also what an artist he is.

I think it is so nice how you call these patients beautiful...you are a real gentleman

I looked awkward as a teen and I used to want fillers esp chin fillers. Now that I’m 27, my nose doesn’t look as big, my baby fat started to shed, my eyes look larger now and my jaw doesn’t dominate my face. Trust me, you will grow into your face. Your body and face are ever changing.

Thank you Dr Gary for your great content. I think weight loss definitely has an effect as well. I can see this on my own face as I lost a lot of weight after a stressful period and had no surgeries but my face changed noticeably.

I really enjoyed this video. You & Stephanie should def do a collab your values align beautifully ❤

We need a skincare routine from Dr Gary. How is his skin so smooth and no lines on his neck 😮…

The most problematic issue I see with this industry is that the prominent figures aren’t being honest about the work they’ve had done. It’s not right to shame someone for getting cosmetic surgery - but when you as a person outright deny any of it, the conversation is shut down and you leave a lot of important details unaddressed. Such as the risks involved with each surgery you may consider getting. I hope people take better care of their personal/mental health first before succumbing to the idea that a nose job or face lift will make their lives immensely better. Regardless of what the world may say, focus more on your internal beauty longterm. Love and prayers 💛💛💛

I have an opinion about the childwood trauma theory, based on my own experience. I had a troubled childwood: lots of family conflicts, psychological abuse, religious abuse, health issues, being bullied at school... When I was 14 I had a traumatic experience, which opened my eyes on the fact my parents were systematically denying my needs. It took me many years to actually realize that experience was a trauma. That experience changed many things about my way of life; among other things, I felt a strong urge to change my appearance, with clothes, with makeup, and if I had the means to resort to plastic surgery I would have done it massively! (I talked about it a lot, even had a clear list of the procedures I desired) At first, I justified it by saying that meeting beauty standards would improve my social life and the chances of being successful. When I grew up I abandoned the wish of surgically alter my appearance, since I realized for me it was just a way to separate myself from my family. It was like saying: "I am repulsed by everything you have given me. I want to dissociate myself from the look you chose for me with the clothes you provided for me. I want to dissociate myself from the image you expect me to maintain in social contexts, from your upbringing. I reject your distorted perception of me as a submissive person, unable to express my will, stand up for my rights, be assertive. I even reject this body, because it comes from your genetics, and I don't want to be known as one of you."

Super interesting! Nicely done !

She looks matured after her surgery. It's funny models before were hired or discovered due to their authentic beautiful or unique looks. Now a days almost everyone looks the same with filler plump lips, some with almost buck teeth, augmented breasts & others. I still admire the models from the 70s, 80s, 90s to early 2000s.

Psychological trauma often causes people to feel "not good enough" and plastic surgery can definitely give the impression that with these tweaks, they become good enough. Of course, the healing all has to happen on the inside. There are so many things people resort to in finding somekind of outlet for trauma take gambling addiction, every kind of addiction really, eating disorders, much confusion about identity, so maybe plastic surgery isn't the worst when you can afford it especially considering sadly some don't survive at all. I've worked with trauma survivors for about a decade, am a survivor myself, and a therapist.

I’m 30. I don’t have any forehead lines. Not everybody starts developing lines in their 20s.

I love how specific you explain and I always wanted to know price range cost so yes you’ve answered a lot of my questions

Yes she has obviously had lots of work done but I must admit her surgeon(s) have done a darn good job.

Bella's natural look reminds me of my childhood friend. I think it's such a beautiful, friendly face. Her face now appears harsh and aged in my opinion. I watch this show all the time thinking of myself as "natural," but I just remembered that I've had a lower eye "lid" surgery in high school. My lower eyelash used to grow upward into my eyes and the eyeballs often get scratched. Eventually, my mom took me to get a surgery to cut the lower eyelids downward a bit. The surgery has changed the shape of my eyes. I don't think I look better or worse, just different. I've never heard of anyone else having this surgery. Just curious if anyone here has had it or know anyone who did ^^

Honestly, it's the logic of the situation that baffles me. She wasn't ugly before, she had tons of opportunity and I remember hearing she was an excellent student, she was near Olympic caliber equestrian, she came from money. Yet, she chose to undergo massive amounts of surgery to completely alter her appearance to participate in a profession that doesn't value her as a person only as an aesthetic and with a major expiration date. It just baffles me, what on earth could this woman and her family have been thinking to undergo this much pain, suffering and change for something so ephemeral when she already had so much

Yes I agree with your theory that changing your appearance is like reset yourself for a new beginning. I do that with my hair sometimes.

she literally went to the doctor and bought a modeling career

Interesting....in addition to Stephanies theory, i also think that looking for perfection in plastic surgery comes from lack of unconditional love in childhood. An adult with unresolved trauma will think that the apperance is their issue, but never get to the sattisfaction they crave...maybe they also feel the pain when they look in the mirror and want to change because it reminds them of the childhood, their parents, and they want to escape that.

I'm from Mexico and I was at a private school, had a classmate that had a rhinoplasty at the age of 11. Very surprising and sad how parents give their permission to those surgeries

She was so adorable before the surgeries. She doesn't look bad now, but she was a beautoful young girl and I feel so sorry for her. ❤

Hey Gary, Thanks for the thorough videos Have you considered making one about people who don't seem to have had any work, to show what natural aging looks like (and maybe that it's not as scary as the entertainment industry seems to think it is)?

Thank you for opening up the discussion around trauma and the desire for plastic surgery. It’s not always a factor but definitely could be. Patient mental and emotional motivations should always be considered. Dr Gary, your channel is an amazing resource for those curious about surgery as it’s very even handed and thoughtful about the topic, overall.

Bella looked like Mona Lisa before all the procedures

i think the psychological analysis is quite insightful and while we may not know the personal lives of these celebrities, plenty of us have definitely felt similarly about our experiences. for me personally, i think altering my body and its appearance is an almost “reclamation” of it. i’ve never gotten plastic surgery and still haven’t ruled it out, but i just got way into body modification (piercings, tattoos) as a way to reestablish myself in a body that never felt like it was mine. in a sense, i’m an adult now and i can do these things because i am in control.

I think she was naturally pretty. I went to college with a set of twins who looked like this and they had the boys at our D2 school eating out of their hands lol. One went into business, one went into nursing. If you met a girl like this in Walmart, you’d double take. (The original face I mean, she was just cute)

That reinventing theory... girls do that with hair very often. After a break up... I've had many friends (also me) who completely redid their look. Bright colors, bob cuts, black hair etc. I could see people with money reinventing themselves after experiences.. with surgery.

No idea how I ended up on a cosmetic surgery video but this doctors voice is extremely therapeutic.

the collab I didn’t know I needed

She used to look like Jennifer Lawrence/leelee Sobieski (actress from the 90s).

She was such a pretty, lovely looking young woman. It’s so sad that she felt that wasn’t good enough.

I love these video's. I'm 28 and a mother of 2 and living in the Netherlands. My little sister of 26 wanted to have a nose job since she was like 14 y/o. I always told her that her nose is just beautiful and it fits her. Also I have the nose of my mother and it is not straight like hers. But she is so insecure about it. But when I was 17 and was grocerie shopping with my best friend (who is really pretty) an older woman spoke to me about my nose. And that it was so unfortunately that my nose was so big and that a young girl like me should get it fixed. She gave me a card to call her plastic surgeon. She also just told my best friend how pretty she was. I always felt insecure about my appearance, like many girls I think. But that remark almost made me cry in front of everyone. I was so ashamed! And made me so self aware of my bigger nose. But now I see all these young persons do all these procedures. I have two little girls and I want them to love themselves just as they are. Im so happy I didn't do anything. If my girls would get my nose and they see that I alterated it... that sends a message to them. So please love yourself everybody. Your facial appearance has a history! Wear it with pride ❤

Really enjoyed this collab! ;) It makes me sad that face lifts are becoming more common in younger (under 40) people. Why is our body showing signs of a life lived so horrible?

Not only are these people blatant liars but they also think we are all blind. How on earth can anyone deny doing any work on their face when it's all out there for the world to see!

Dr. Linkov, you’re just the best! I could watch you all day, you have such a cute personality & calm way of speaking whilst being expertly informed when delivering the very important & much needed info. on what happens/can happen in these various surgery scenarios. You’re so enjoyable to watch & listen to that I actually learn a lot & somehow feel better about my own self, all under the guise of being entertained. Which is why I know you’ve gotta be make a big difference in the lives of many kids & teens as well. Giving us the benefit of your expertise via these videos is hugely important! Hope you continue for years to come.

As a neuroscience therapist, yes agree these stars try to be a new person by changing their appearance.either from bullying, shaming or familial trauma as well as mgmt or pressure from their agent, can cause insecurities and can possibly explain why they have so much work done.

I agree with her. I’ve had a traumatic childhood and the way I cope with it is I’m super in control about my look. It keeps my anxiety under wraps. If I’m not in control about how I look I’ll have a full mental breakdown. Only had a bit of filler/Botox once cuz I can’t afford it lol

She's beautiful. I don't think there's a celebrity that has had as much surgery that looks this good. Her surgeon must be an absolute virtuoso.

I’m 26 and Bella definitely doesn’t look 26 I always thought she is in her 30s! I know everybody ages differently ,it’s just I found out today that she is my age! Great review doc! I wish to become as professional and as good with words like him!

Is it just me or is it outrageous that she was starting her plastic surgery journey at 14?! Nobody actual likes how they look at 14 - that's the pathway of puberty & being a teenager; struggling with comparing your appearance with others, feeling inadequate, unsure & lacking in confidence. If you just opt for surgery to try & fix all your perceived flaws as a young teen - or older teen for that matter - you're not actually resolving the origin of your insecurities. Perhaps her parents should have helped her work on her inner self esteem & self worth before agreeing to allow her to undergo external surgical changes, maybe then she wouldn't feel the need to surgically alter her face so regularly. P.S Love yr videos Dr Gary 😉

I am a mental health, professional and I do feel as though this could, for sure be a thing... whenever somebody has had a traumatic childhood event they could use any number of things to change something about themselves to gain or show control in an area that they can control, whereas the trauma was something that they had no control over. It can show itself in a number of ways such as OCD, changing their hair color, tattoos, piercings...all different kinds of things.

Happy I found this channel. Finally somebody that can explain everything throughly!

public service announcement: you're not ugly. You're just poor.

Hello Dr. Gary! Thank you for your educational videos! You mentioned scarring and nerve damage due to multiple facelift surgeries. What about PDO threads? Do multiple PDO threads procedures lead to tissue scarring? Thank you!

Do you have any videos about what happens to your face (preferably women) after major weight loss? I'd love a video like that, so that I know what surgery to save for hehe . Figure I'll need a minor full or just lower lift as I'm losing this weight later in life, but I'd love to hear alternatives.

I really like this channel. It keeps me away from unnecessary procedures. When the doctor was talking about the pony tail lift. I was thinking it looked like her edges were thinning. Didn't know that a ponytail lift was even a thing! 😂

Looking at the pictures of Bella before the surgeries, she was quite pretty. I can't see anything that could be considered ugly. Can't believe she was bullied. Some of the pictures pre tweaks were beautiful. She had a kind face, even angelic, she could have been a pre-Raphaelite model. Examples: 0:54 1:41 3:28 6:02 6:09 6:12 6:38 6:41

I agree. It's like when people say "new hair, new me" or when you change part of your appearance, it somehow transforms you into a new or better version of yourself. Like a rebirth in some way

I had my rhinoplasty (and septoplasty) at 15 - it made sense timing-wise (I was changing schools, no one would know) and I had a severe deviated septum that needed to be fixed so why would I subject myself to two surgeries when they could do it all at once. I know I was young, but I've never regretted it and it improved my quality of life. Actually, my deviated septum was so bad that the surgeon actually told me it was one of the worst ones he'd ever seen and that it was unlikely my nose would ever be perfectly straight. He was correct, I still have a slight deviated, but not one that affects me as much and not one that needs to be surgically corrected.

Dr. Gary, I’ve noticed your eyebrows are growing in! I’m unsure if there were videos of you talking about something new you’re trying but I’m happy for you with whatever is going on!

Gracias Dr. Gary !!!! Muy bueno tu vídeo !!! 👏👏👏👏

I loved that you did a commentary on what the other YT persons video was. It was actually a more more informed collaboration and I like Stephanie - she’s a sweet girl & you have the Med School knowledge. Together this was awesome. As to the topic, I feel Bella thinks she has changed for the better, and modeling contracts might be paying her now, but we don’t know her future yet. I felt she & GiGi had different looks - one could say GiGi could have slimmed her face down & been better for it. The world of modeling is fickle. What is in today is out next year. I think of older modeling icons ie. Cindy Crawford - and I have no knowledge of her having all this cosmetic surgery by the time she was 25, or even 35 for that matter. She seems to have aged gracefully. Others, like Janice Dickinson did not. I believe she did go under the knife though. I just wish them all peace and happiness, as both Bella & Kendall have terrible panic attacks & all the fame, fortune and plastic surgery doesn’t seem to offset those emotional situations. At the end of their lives, will this struggle for being so perfect - be what comforts them, is it their life’s purpose? To me, it seems sad now. I hope they have good support systems and people that truly love them for who they are - not just their looks.

I LOVE HER I JUST DISCOVERED YOU AND YOURE REACTING TO HER OMG

17:06 Hey, Doctor Gary! In response to your technical correction, you and Stephanie are on the same page. I believe Stephanie _did_ say verbatim that the buccal fat is removed from "underneath the cheekbone", and not "from the cheekbone" itself. Just a technicality. I appreciate your content!

When talking about traumatic childhoods, she should have definitely said those who have had extensive and almost obsessive surgeries fall into this category more, not those who have just had a few enhancements.

Dr. G! Please tell us the recovery time and pain involved in some of these. I mean when you describe some of I'm sitting here cringing like oooooo. I can't imagine the soreness.

‘Once you can’t pop your can’t stop’. Yes agree, I’m 34 and have had 16 procedures all up. Iv also had a lower and just now a mid face life. I should mention I’m a recovering alcoholic, and been left with premature aging and v poor skin laxity. Half of my surgeries have corrected this.

Yes!! Omg this is the first time I hear someone speaking out what Im trying to convey which to me its like if I look like a young Version of myself , like a 20 yo myself to me it means that I can go back and start over, sort of rewrite the past. Most of my life I lived in depressions , a result of childhood traumas. Followed by horrible consequences along the way. I may or may not be able to change things but lets say living with it when you look and feel 20 having your whole life ahead of you to improve and grow, like going back in time and on the other hand looking old as a constant reminder of your age, like an indication of your painful past when you didn’t live your life the way you want it , then one day you wake up old…

Thank you Dr L for your videos. And Stephanie, your comments and videos are great! I think what bothers me is the denial. Denying is lying!

As someone who got onto these videos immediately after watching Stephanie, the little "hi Stephani" is hilarious and I'm here for it.

I like when you react to her videos, for some reason it feels like watching two unlikely friends just having a chat

What’s absolutely horrifying is how young she is to have already gone through so many procedures. As beautiful as she is now, it won’t last long because you can already see the beginnings of her transformation into a scary Jocelyn Wildenstein. She will morph into that probably way before the actual Jocelyn did, possibly in her mid to late 30s.

Bella's evolution breaks my heart. She was stunningly beautiful before all the procedures. All it's done is prematurely age her.

Great theories. I agree with you both. It’s a physical evolution. I imagine it’s hard to be “average looking” in the upper echelons. Lots of pressure.

5:30 Trauma also just leaves you with a lot of innate fear and anxiety, it's very easy to get caught up in your own ideas of where pain could come from next and overcorrect, especially if youve been told all your life that you need to be the perfect performer

Thank you for this video Dr Gary! Love these reactions to other youtubers videos☺️ Bella has done so many changes, that I wonder what she hasn't altered instead. I think she was very beautiful before, and she wanting to be completely different is due to psicological issues, practically living under her sister's shadow, and her mother putting so much pressure on her appearance😔

Bella’s physical change through plastic surgery is definitely due to her mother’s advice and ambition for her children to follow in her footsteps, as seen on RHOBH when the girls were practically unknown. Yolanda continues to be a strong (if not controlling) and determined influence in her children’s life. And her aim was fulfilled. It seems that the modelling « industry » rewards the results of the procedures, combined with a complying overall physical (supervised) slenderness. Kendall Jenner is another such example. Finally, the money and the fame hopefully obtained in the end as a result of all endeavours, render common people’s opinion insignificant.

All the talk about Yolanda has hit a nerve with me. I specifically remember when I was 9yrs old and we were away camping with other family members at Christmas time. My aunt proceeded to put sunscreen on her child/my cousin and made a comment how much I don’t like my freckles. It made me feel sick and ashamed hearing my own aunt say that. I’m 53 now and these days they have makeup to put on your face to give the impression that one was born with freckles. 😥

My question is: how do all these celebs get surgery and we never see the healing process ? Cause on other people I see the swelling is super obvious or some of where the closures are, are very defined. Like for nose jobs, etc. You did point out for the endoscopic procedure, that did help with the facelift answer Thanks 🙏 also love your vids very good energy.