What information do you need to take a confident shot in the field? 

Lasered distance A good wind call and my AD

Most importantly, is someone watching me?

Wind speed, distance and getting a good solid rest would be the 3 most important considerations if one hasn’t got a range finder, wind meter or bipod.

I’ll take a stab; 1) Is rifle/optic/ammo currently zeroed for this location & current conditions? 2)Range to target 3)Wind speed & direction 4)What is the Dial or hold for wind & elevation based on 1,2 & 3.

Is it target practice, competition what is the shot for? Assuming that it is practice and my rifle and ammo, distance and wind. Depending on distance you might want to consider other factors.

Like John Wayne said; Windage and elevation.