What Is Fusion and How Do You Get It to Work? 

He's like the Bob Ross of Science.

This man is amazing. Can someone at this University please have him do videos explaining EVERYTHING?!? More of this guy!

I'm proud to build parts for fusion reactors here in the USA. You have a nice piece of kit there sir. Thank you for showing it to us and for explaining the physics so eloquently.

If I was taught the sciences visually like this I would have got much better grades. I’m so glad I discovered this channel, thank you Professor

this guy is gifted as a science communicator, he should be more well known

"Let's look at the closest operating fusion reactor right now..... The sun" 😂.

May people are on the internet explaining Physic. You do one of the best jobs of explaining complex things to simple people like me. Thanks

How do you celebrate the first successful fusion reactor? - With a lot of party baloons!

There's always a twist!

"We just have to figure out how to make this on Earth." Well isn't that a gross understatement.

Thank you teacher. You taught me about plasma. We all here as classmates. Even if you wouldn’t read this comment section. Thank you very much.

hi professor, thanks for taking the time to produce these excellent presentations, you are a knowledgable, clear and articulate speaker and importantly you take your time and dont try to rush though like you have somewhere else you need to be. your presentations are well laid out and i think contain enough detail for both uni students and casual geeks (me). i see your field is nuclear engineering but dont be afraid to diversify a bit too. looking forward to many more of your videos. regards

This is so amazing I could listen to this 24/7 Reminds me of alpha centauri in german TV

I like this guy, informative and entertaining at the same time 😄

"Hybrid Illinois Device for Research and Application"... or "HIDRA"? =3

I dont know how Illinois rates as university for nuclear engineering but watching prof. Ruzic lectures here, I wouldnt hesitate to go there to study. What a fantastic content!

Why am I enjoying these lectures so much? Thanks Professor!

Harbor Freight sponsored engine hoist. Seriously interesting video. Thank you. Subscribed.

never been very interested in nuclear staff but since i found this channel it seems i can't learn inaf. Incredibly interesting lectures and fantastic presentation and visible passion.

The best explanation of fusion on the internet --- hands-down. Thank you, sir.

Excellent as always. I’ve watched so many of his videos, literally just for entertainment. Yes to learn, but I watch it when I’m in the mood to be entertained. 😋

dr sean bean makes any topic so easy to comprehend thank you sir

this man could tell me the process of drying paint and it still be interesting

Fantastic video series, I can't thank you enough for putting these lectures online!

these videos are so well produced and informative, thank for providing this information for free!

I’m hooked on these videos! 🙌🏽 Awesome work condensing all that info. into layman’s terms.

Thanks so much for these videos, please don't stop or underestimate their value!

Iv watched dozens of these videos, and this is the first tight shot of his face. Now I actually see what the professor looks like. People faces are so similar yet instantly you can recognize them as a unique person, different from every other human face you have ever seen before.

Excellent series. I really love learning about the possibilities of nuclear and fusion energy. Thank you for the great videos! :)

You do such a good job explaining this stuff

Very well explained lessons on this channel, congratulations.

this episode sponsored by molten boron

I once worked with a device that produced secondary nuclear radiation by simply discharging huge capacitors to create a electrical beam striking a plate, accelerating in a vacuum. 'Vulcan' was what it was called and it provided the ability to test to radiation hardness of electronic equipment. This was over 50 years ago, I'm sure we are well beyond this now.

Confinement ✔ Temperature ✔ Density X Love these videos. Excellent work!

Thank you so much for posting this. I am an engineering graduate, and our nuclear energy professor was terrible. He should have learned from this guy.

I don't even know anything about these nuclear stuff 😂 but I have already watched several of profs videos from start to finish and learned a lot ! He's amazing!!! way batter than binge watching tv series imo 😁

This is actual science, that is really interesting, because it's so complicated, and yet incredibly dynamic. If I miss any sentence, I'm compelled to replay it, or I will certainly lose the context, and fall out of sync in comprehension of the subject. In other words, I get sucked right in, like a good novel 😃

Once all those 3 steps are done, density temperature confinement What are the current ideas to harness the resulting energy? You can't run a water pipe through the superheated plasma to produce steam, it would melt.

very nice video. i like your lectures a lot for the most part.

Good Work Sir 🙂

Awsome! I had the chance and honor to know the Hydra myself.

Great lectures!

I love these video's

He is simply amazing. My brain is very underutilized to say the least. But I can understand complex subject matter from this professor!

outstanding

Mmmmmm. Doughnut. Aaaaaaaaah! Another great video professor. Great content and well explained.

Thanks Great lecture

Awesome video!

This Gentleman is amazing. Science entertainment.

Amazing

Great series. Will you be going into alternative confinement concepts such a FRCs (which are lately making great progress) or a Sheared Flow Stabilized Z- Pinch (maybe also how it is different from a regular Z- Pinch)? Those are good candidates for relatively compact power plants (when compared to toroids like Tokamaks and Stellerators) . The former is very high Beta, the latter can be super compact. For FRCs I like the work Helion Energy and PPPL have been doing. Those two are unfortunately often overlooked. Also missing was Helium3 boosted Deuterium - Deuterium- Fusion, which is interesting, because it does not need an external source of He3 (He3 being a product of D+D along Tritium, which eventually decays into more He3). I think it is a great intermediate step towards PB11 fusion.

Wow you are so good. About a year-and-a-half ago I started a project to make one. i was going to make a homemade fun one.

Thanks for making it seem normal.

Fascinating.

The smug grin when he talks about "3 or 4% of all of the electrical energy on campus" is pure gold lol!

Wonderful!! My brain is blown away !! Thank you soo much ??.))5

How the hell do you mount that on a Delorian?

Aha! I have figured out how he can write backwards! In the on-site video around 11:30 his lapel mike is on my right. In the to-camera videos it's on the left. And his parting changes side as well! He uses video mirroring to pretend he's writing backwards! :-)

This is completely fascinating and kind of makes me want a donut.

I would like to attend prof Ruzic classes in the future. 👍👍👍👍👍

Gilderoy Lockhart is an amazing teacher

-that's what you need to know about fusion

im greatful to be able to see this form my tiny shed den - hahaha - thank u =)

I love that the prototype reactor of the future has hoses held together with cable ties

I love the Harbor Freight engine lift being used on this multi-million dollar piece of equipment.

I find it somewhat comforting to see a Harbor Freight engine hoist being used to work on a fusion reactor...

15:15 The world's largest Easy Bake Oven.

I really appreciate that you're making these videos. Most of the progress stifling anti-nuclear activism that exists today is the result of nothing but fear. The more people understand nuclear energy, the less they will fear it. Then maybe we'll get somewhere. Then again, we do live in a world where people complain about wind turbines because they're "ugly". It takes some real bold ignorance to vote against the installation of wind-farms merely on the basis of aesthetics. It's ridiculous is what it is, and so is most of what I've heard from people who fear nuclear energy and its current by-products.

dude! that shot from the inside. fwoah.

Some good stf

Im developing a nuclear propulsion device, now I understand the physics behind it😊

Since the magnetic field is coupled with the hardware that produces it, Does the higher temperature therefore pressure Put more stress or strain on the hardware?

Confining a super heated plasma with a magnetic field is like confining jello with rubber bands is the comparison that I've read...I don't expect electric power from this in my remaining lifetime if ever...but it's neat tech.

id like to see a collaboration between this channel and pbs spacetime.

If and when fusion becomes feasible, what is the idea on how to use the energy produced?

One day, we’ll have fusion power. I’m very optimistic!

Homer Simpsons ears perked up when you said "DONUT" .

But would charged particles move in a non moving magnetic flux? If you apply dc current to coils would it cause charged particles to move inside toroidal tube? Does it has too be at least pwm on off dc input?

In 2017, the Wieldstein X-7 was turned on in Germany. This is the very first nuclear fusion reactor.

Is this an early research model/tool from the wendelstein 7-x team?

Page 463. It is said that gamma rays is the chief energy source for the entire universe. Fusion, or nuclei joining together 1Hydrogen fusion 2 The carbon cycle

In the time being let's use the current fusion reactor more effectively.

Once you produce sustainable fusion, how do you get the energy out of the magnetic bottle to do something useful with it? Literally how do you get the genie out of the bottle?

Google says the density of the sun is only 1.41 times that of water, maybe you are referring to the core?

Thank you professor, for this insightful lecture. I was oblivious to the negative effects of fusion. Many people would say fusion doesn't have the same problems as fision. The way it was explained by many was that unlike a fision reactor, a fusion one would not reach critical meltdown. But what I didn't know is that you still have the same problem with radioactive material after the fact. Yes better than having radioactive material that has a half life of 10,000+ years, but you still have radioactive material as a by product.

if I may and I probably have seen this clip, but maybe I don't remember if my question was answered. And since we are getting close to starting one up, its all fine and dandy and lots of energy and pats on the back all around. But. How do you stop it after it started? So its high temperature, higher than the sun to make up for the reduced pressure that we have here (coz the sun has more pressure so it can do it with less temperature), so we got all that and we got the magnetic containment field, all good and its starts working on its own after sparking it. Remembering only too well the intricacies of the mess of Chernobyl and how they turned that switch off when it should be on, or they should have added more of this or that instead of reducing this or that. I wonder. Do we know how to stop a fusion reactor? I.e. how to turn it off. What if we stretch the limits of heat and pressure to make it work but somehow for some strange reason, once it gets going , it "paradoxically" needs a higher temperature or pressure to stop, instead of reducing them, for example. So wouldn't it be wise, and I hope they thought of that in general, not to operate things at the limit, coz you never know what a little bit more might do? Like a reserve. Its generally good practice. Not to operate at max.

Forgive my ignorance, but what is the process to make this net positive? Basically, after pumping all of this energy into getting a reaction, how do you extract the energy out to produce electricity?

Holy crap. How high is the electric bill for that campus? 2 Megawatts is only 3 or 4 percent of the total. My house just uses a couple of Kilowatts on average.

Once the reaction started, how will you add fuel and remove byproducts?

How can energy produced by fusion be extracted? Or in this experiment isn't a problem because fusion does not happen very often? or it happens for much less than a second?

Let there be light...

My dad with Westinghouse was working on it in the early 70s

Make more videos !!!

nice suit

but, what about the magnetic field outside of that machine? having a high magnetic field around the machine, isnt dangerous? or they were able to confine it too?

Although contrary, can nuclear radioactive power be used to obtain the fusion you speak of?

So the sun is sort of backwards created fusion reactor? The metals have to be inside the sun ,so that light can easily exit the sun's reactor ? Does that mean sun is a giant quartz ball?

I wanted you to explain how do you extract the excess energy once it is working.

It's interesting that he mentions Boron-P fusion, but omits 3He-3He. The activation energy is similar, with much more safety in both reactants and product. Granted 3He is much rarer than Boron, but the greater output and lower masses makes it a juicy target for completely clean fusion reactions.

How is the energy from the reaction captured? Wouldn't the products of the reaction keep spinning around the magnetic field along with the reactants?