What is Single Stage Bidding | Two Stage Bidding | What is Single Bid & Two Bid tendering | in Hindi 

1)In India, the mention of the "Estimated Cost" by the tendering authority in the tender document or Request for Proposal (RFP) is mandatory. This requirement is specified in various government guidelines and manuals, including the General Financial Rules (GFR) and the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) guidelines. The estimated cost provides transparency and helps bidders understand the scale and scope of the project, allowing them to submit competitive and realistic bids. Compliance with this requirement is crucial for ensuring fair and transparent procurement processes in government projects. Court rulings have also upheld the importance of providing the estimated cost in tender documents to ensure transparency and fairness in the bidding process. 2)Abnormally low bids in the context of tendering for civil engineering projects refer to bids that are significantly lower than the estimated cost or the expected market price for the scope of work involved. This can raise concerns about the bidder's ability to complete the project satisfactorily, meet quality standards, and comply with legal and safety requirements. Such bids may be considered as potentially unsustainable or indicative of risk factors such as poor quality materials, labor exploitation, or intentions to make up for low prices with contract variations or claims. While there is no specific quantitative percentage universally defined as an abnormally low threshold, some organizations and procurement guidelines may use a certain percentage deviation from the estimated cost or the average bid price as a benchmark. For example, if a bid is more than 15-20% lower than the estimated cost or the average of other bids, it may trigger a review process to assess its feasibility and validity. Ultimately, the decision to reject an abnormally low bid or investigate further rests with the procuring entity, which should consider various factors such as the complexity of the project, the bidder's track record, and the potential risks associated with accepting a significantly low bid. This approach helps ensure that contracts are awarded fairly and that the selected bidder is capable of delivering the project satisfactorily without compromising quality or causing financial harm to themselves or the client.

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