As early as 1917, the poet Guillaume Apollinaire used the term "surrealist" in the sense of "standing apart from reality" to describe the use of the unconscious and dream experiences for artistic work. The #Surrealism that subsequently developed followed the ideas of the psychoanalysis of the Viennese doctor Sigmund Freud, which were revolutionary at the time. Freud's psychoanalysis is based on the subconscious as a repository of numerous formative experiences that have been lost or repressed from the actual consciousness. According to Freud's theories developed between 1899 and 1916, dreams arise from this hidden layer of consciousness that is inaccessible to the mind - an idea that in its radicality particularly appealed to the artists of the time.
Following in the footsteps of the French Dada movement, which also worked with chance and spontaneity as creative means, a group of artists formed around the poet André Breton, in which surrealists, writers, poets and visual artists loosely joined forces. In surrealism - probably precisely because of its footing in the unconscious - there is no unity of content, form or style, but only this common attitude regarding the integration of the super-real into the artist's work.
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5 окт 2024
