What is the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?

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Why is there a zeroth law of thermodynamics? What use is such a simple-sounding law? And how can it be used to smash glass? Chemical engineer Valeska Ting explains in the first film from our 2016 advent calendar, all about thermodynamics.
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The first, second and third laws of thermodynamics get all the glory. They’re the most well known and frequently mentioned. But underpinning them all is a final law so fundamental that, although it was established last, had to be moved to the front of the list: the zeroth law. In the first film of our 2016 advent calendar, chemical engineer Valeska Ting explores the zeroth law of thermodynamics.
The zeroth law is essentially an observation: if two systems are both in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are also in equilibrium with each other. This seemingly simple mantra is essential to our concept of temperature, as Valeska, armed with some very hot glasses, explains.
Our 2016 advent calendar explores the four laws of thermodynamics through 24 short films, released daily in the run up to Christmas. We’ll have explosive demonstrations, unique animations and even a musical number. Sign up to receive each instalment by email from rigb.org/advent
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30 ноя 2016

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Комментарии : 195

@prettygreenparrot 7 лет назад

Brilliant to see someone who looks so happy and excited to be talking about science.

@TheDeepDiveLLC 2 года назад

One of her eyes is more excited than the other.

@eIicit 3 года назад

Her energy is amazing. When a teacher is passionate about the subject, it’s nothing short of divine.

@dennishudson1700 7 лет назад

this is a clear, concise explanation of the 4 laws. I will use this as a model for my class and i hope you will produce new presentation..

@DekuStickGamer 7 лет назад

This woman looked like she was gonna break out laughing any second.

@wintercryptlovespubg2607 6 лет назад

lol ! thats exactly what i was thinkin !

@zoyeb100 3 года назад

to me she looked like she was going to cry

@maazarif6936 3 года назад

Yup

@jyotismitadoley9412 5 лет назад

I found a good source to master my basics!!! Thank u😎😎

@godbluffvdgg 4 месяца назад

Awesome presentation! You're a splendid teacher! Thanks so much!

@EdMcF1 7 лет назад

If you use an invasive thermometer, you change what you are measuring unless the thermometer is at the same temperature as the thing that you are measuring, so you must be approximating when measuring temperature, until equilibrium is reached.

@spudhead169 7 лет назад

That's a good way to explain the uncertainty principle.

@Hythloday71 7 лет назад

Temperature isn't a 'fundamental' property of matter. It is an emergent phenomena!

@TheNaz01 7 лет назад

Hythloday71 it is not an extensive property

@cerulienceruleen6463 7 лет назад

There is temperature without atoms to dance on it. It's more fundamental than charges, even if we often use the term 'elementary charge'. But... Dear TheNaz, could you explain me if there is a formal link between the emergent character of a property and the extensive character of it ?

@Hythloday71 7 лет назад

Though photons have no mass, we still think of it as normal matter. TheNaz, statistically temperature can change over a large amount of stuff. Also, statistically it is more likely the larger the sample.

@TheNaz01 7 лет назад

an extensive property is one that emerges from scaling a system, this is how i saw "hythloday71" describe temperature, im not sure what the formal connection is. However i do know that temperature is an intensive state property of all matter and thus fundemental by its very nature.

@TheNaz01 7 лет назад

Hythloday71 but you must agree that temperature is always present in matter? this is the point i am trying to make. And the mass temperature would only change if you added cooler mass to it.

@TheRoyalInstitution 5 лет назад

Merci beaucoup! We now have French subtitles for this video. If you too would like to try your hand in translating some science into your native language you can follow the link here - ru-vid.com_video?ref=wt&v=PE_zpk-EznQ&auto=yes&bl=watch

@rayenochi7729 7 лет назад

a=b b=c then: c=a .... i can't believe someone had to create a law out of this. -.-*

@patrink12 7 лет назад

Believe it or not, there are some systems where that is not true. Generally called the transitive law (which deals with all relations, not just equality), there can be cases where A = B, B = C, but A =/= C (called intransitive). We see this more with other operators, for example in rock paper scissors. Rock > Scissors, Scissors > Paper. But Rock > Paper is false.

@rayenochi7729 7 лет назад

patrink12 thanks for the information. but seriously... that defies logic. can you share some other cases else than the rock/scissors/paper example? BTW you made a mistake in the way you ordered the rock & scissor & paper. how about this: rock > scissors | scissors > paper | paper > rocks which is true ;)

@KuraSourTakanHour 7 лет назад

patrink12 I think you should reverse all of your ( > ), otherwise the matchups are wrong. If I remember, paper *is greater than* rock in that game. I still get what you're saying

@patrink12 7 лет назад

Sorry that was a typo. I fixed it.

@patrink12 7 лет назад

I can't seem to recall any mathematical system where A =/= C, but there are real life systems such as languages where A can speak with B, B can speak with C, but A doesn't understand C. A & B, and B & C are mutually intelligible, but it does not follow that A is mutually intelligible with C. From a little bit of research, there's also the guilt by association fallacy where if A is B, and A is C, it doesn't follow necessarily that B is related to C. The example being all Georges are criminals, and all Georges are male. Therefore all males are criminals. This isn't true, even though A is related to both B and C, B cannot be related to C. I'm not a mathematician, I just happened to take a lot of math.

@gyrojomo 7 лет назад

Nice and clear. Thanks.

@Hythloday71 7 лет назад

Leonard Susskind has coined the phrase for conservation of information as the 'minus 1'th law' as the most fundamental principle in theoretical physics / thermodynamics - it's a great concept !

@alexandrugheorghe5610 7 лет назад

Hythloday71 explained in his book: The theoretical minimum for doing physics

@ProLogic-dr9vv 7 лет назад

Hythloday71: 3-D Color graphing of of fluid Thermal Dynamics in real time or slow motion.

@polyv4222 4 года назад

those glasses look very refreshing, remember to drink water folks

@jenko701 7 лет назад

Great video , but in my opinion the best way to explain this subject is in terms of molecular vibration and the Kelvin scale. To me it makes it easy to visualize . Shake slow , cold , shake fast , hot.

@studenntmode971 Год назад

best video ever

@rogerscottcathey 6 лет назад

what temperature do the thermometers start at?

@AmanSingh-sl2mc 3 года назад

Mam can u please tell the unique application for zeroth law of thermodynamics

@drscott1 4 года назад

How about the proposed fourth law which states that thermodynamic equations must be balanced regarding their extrinsic and intrinsic properties?

@CrazyIvanTR 7 лет назад

It just seems like the "0th law" is a given. I'm thinking that must have been why they didn't even bother to write it down in the first place. Well, we wouldn't know what they were thinking unless they documented it. So, all I have is speculation.

@Maxander2001 7 лет назад

Are there laws that are not given, given enough observational data?

@lithobreak3812 6 лет назад

Some guy on a comment higher up stated that this is a law because for some fields of mathematics this doesn't apply.

@EddieVBlueIsland 6 лет назад

You missed the subtle point of the 0th law. Temperature is a state function based on the nature of heat itself and temperature is its independent measure regardless of it source. So for objects A, B and C (not necessarily identical) if A is heated by microwaves to temperature T, B heated by chemical reaction to temperature T, and C heated by the sun to temperature T - the heat in A, B and C is the same in the sense of summed atomic motion (but not the total amount of heat for different objects) independent of the heat source. Subtle but necessary for the other laws to work.

@RobertShaverOfAustin 5 лет назад

Do the laws of thermodynamics apply to all forms of energy or only energy in the form of heat? For example, if I raise a one pound weight up one foot in the Earth's gravitational field, it now has one foot-pound more of potential energy than it did before I raised it. Did it get warmer or colder or stay the same temperature? I'm confused as to how thermodynamic principals apply in this case.

@fullfungo Год назад

Your muscles would get warmer, since you did work.

@ryangreenwell3917 3 года назад

What is the song at the beginning

@Bigganium 7 лет назад

what is the music?

@johnsonmaje 7 лет назад

What would it look like if you used thermal imaging in a 3-D camera technology?

@0rderofTheWhiteLotus 7 лет назад

I recommend people update their understanding on scales using veritasiums recent video

@Karthik_I_Am_ 3 года назад

Can anyone explain or give an example of zeroth law pf thermodynamics without suing thermal, temperature and heat in it. I was given this question by a tutor from an institute.

@user-sm9hh9hz8j 4 года назад

يالها من إبتسامة What a smile

@maup1n 3 года назад

@1:07 in the computer world this is similar to Transitive trust. If A trusts B and A trusts C then B will have no problem trusting C due to the trust they both share with A.

@crabshank3 7 лет назад

1:08 Transitivity

@DaytakTV 7 лет назад

Thermodynamics is a fascinating subject!

@sangeethas.s1635 3 года назад

Bruhh😂

@kole081 7 лет назад

Is that Lean ?

@AttilaAsztalos 7 лет назад

An overview of why the other laws follow from this one would have been more useful. Also some thoughts on why this isn't self-evident and needs expressed as a "law".

@TheJamesRedwood 7 лет назад

Se videos 2, 3 and 4 I guess.

@nmarbletoe8210 7 лет назад

i don't think the other laws follow from Law 0, or else you'd only need Law 0

@wuxiaoyun3690 6 лет назад

Attila Asztalos នបវច

@awolgeordie9926 3 года назад

This woman cheered me up.

@clodicious 3 года назад

What about the -1nth law?

@TiagoSeiler 7 лет назад

I couldn't place that accent. New Zealand?

@Wxtst.3 6 лет назад

Tiago Seiler Yep !

@kurliwurx 7 лет назад

very interesting very charming

@rationalmartian 7 лет назад

And such a beautiful smile. Very lovely.

@Some1ne 7 лет назад

the first temperature scale was actually Rømer from 1701

@crystal6383 7 лет назад

Justice is not done to this topic by this Ri video. A physics text book like "Resnick and Halliday" explains way better why this zeroth law is fundamental and not so obvious.

@Fransamsterdam 7 лет назад

How can you measure the temperature of a system without interfering/disturbing the system, which means changing the temperature?

@frederikespersenknudsen6708 7 лет назад

Fransamsterdam This is were you are forced to limit yourself with assumptions in lesser quality physics' experiments - like assuming that our object that we want to measure is in an isolated system and that our measuring equipment will not interfere and so on...

@Fransamsterdam 7 лет назад

Frederik Espersen Knudsen Sounds like a fairy tale.

@HendrikTheThird 7 лет назад

Sounds like reality to me. Practical work is all about designing strategies to circumvent the constraints reality imposes on your measurements, and if you cannot circumvent it (hence the 'lesser quality experiment') you will have to rely on assumptions.

@frederikespersenknudsen6708 7 лет назад

Measuring equipment is our tools to describe the world around us. But as with any tools, none a perfect, and you can't use man made definitions to describe something 100 % correctly - at least not that I can remember at the top of my head

@fergochan 7 лет назад

Fransamsterdam, you may as well ask how you can measure *anything* without disturbing the system, and so postulate that nothing is real and the entire universe is just the dream of a butterfly, but you wouldn't do anyone any good by doing so.

@onera123 7 лет назад

@The_Royal_Institution I'm wondering: Does the zeroth law also remain valid if relativistic effects are taken into account, say, if one of the glasses is traveling near the speed of light?

@benlarson4887 7 лет назад

Thermydonamics. Now you cannot unhear.

@alistairlawrie6831 Год назад

Thank for mentioning Fahrenheit and Celsius but not lord Kelvin we're used to it over here in the UK as he's not British / English enough to be acknowledged.

@jackconway3248 6 лет назад

Galileo did invent a thermometer, called Galileo's air thermometer (more accurately termed a thermoscope), in or before 1603

@markusantonious8192 4 года назад

There are actually *five* laws of thermodynamics...the fifth having to do with 'laws' regarding interactive properties of extensive and intensive properties.

@rajeev_kumar Год назад

Search on RU-vid: Theory of heat journal.

@dennisk000 2 года назад

I dont understand the significance of the zeroth law. I mean, if A, B and C have the same temperature, isnt it obvious that A=B=C?

@marcfrank4870 7 лет назад

I think atoms at absolute zero are in the present longer then atoms that are warmer ( you can take their pictures) so are photons the transformation of time into mater?

@tomylim6022 6 лет назад

I love your accent

@ramospk 6 лет назад

Mr. Celsius actually created the temperature scale with zero as the water boiling point and 100 as freezing!.

@mr.peanut2096 7 лет назад

isn't the zeroth law basicly just a restatement of the law of congruence from geometry?

@StefanTravis 7 лет назад

...or transitivity in mathematics. Or the law of the excluded middle. How surprising that different parts of the world share the same fundamentals.

@jbbresers 7 лет назад

Temperature does not equal energy. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd laws of thermodynamics all deal with the energy of systems not their temperatures. For example the corona of the Sun is much hotter than its surface but has a much lower energy density.

@nmarbletoe8210 7 лет назад

cool

@leonardo006 5 лет назад

nice thanks

@KuraSourTakanHour 7 лет назад

I wish we all use Kelvin universally and drop Fahrenheit and Celsius.

@MikkoHaavisto1 7 лет назад

You are overreaching a bit. Let's drop Fahrenheit and keep Celsius. Ain't nobody got time for saying two-hundred-and-eighty-one as the temperature outside.

@Craznar 7 лет назад

1CΔ = 1KΔ, so Celsius is fine for every day use.

@alvincay100 7 лет назад

You'll burn in hell for your heresy.

@willemvandebeek 7 лет назад

...or something similar to Kelvin where 0 K = 0 "degrees heat" and 273,16 K = 100 "degrees heat" or 1000 "degrees heat" (whatever is more convenient for the triple point of melting water).

@KuraSourTakanHour 7 лет назад

Mikko Haavisto In retrospect, that celsius makes sense to use for weather and temperature forcasts, because the 0 degree is basically water's freezing point, and it is dangerous to our bodies, being filled with water, so it's more relevant to our day-to-day experience with temperature that we can keep celsius.

@clodicious 3 года назад

Temperature measurement from freezing to boiling water is not arbitrary, it makes sense, considering water is required for life, makes up most of our bodies, and has a meaningful difference of properties to us at those temperatures. Absolute zero and plasma temperatures are fine points, but not meaningful for the average person who doesn't experience those temperatures.

@HamHamDude 7 лет назад

... isn't there already a mathematical law that says the same thing?

@TheJamesRedwood 7 лет назад

Go Kiwi!

@kapilshinde9177 3 года назад

This is the MOST Critical Law🙄 in entire Physics ❗Now , I'm gonna give mine law as well😁

@PaulPaul-jw7jx 6 лет назад

I think I'm missing the point, but what you said about if A=C and B=C, then A=B... I was just sat here thinking "no shit"... am I missing the point? It just seems obvious

@MrAlRats 6 лет назад

Suppose the distance between two points a and b is equal to the distance between points b and c. It does not follow that the distance between a and c are necessarily equal to the others. The zeroth law of thermodynamics is what allows a single numerical value to be assigned to any body to express the fact it would be in a state of thermal equilibrium with any other body at the same temperature, if they were brought into thermal contact.

@EmitAshborn 7 лет назад

Is there anything at all known to us that doesn't follow the "if A=C and B=C then A=B"?

@oldcowbb 7 лет назад

i believe the equal sign is the effect of the zeroth law

@superdau 7 лет назад

Don't know about physics, but in math there is. E.g. where A < B and B < C but not A < C.

@sugarfrosted2005 7 лет назад

Yes, but you wouldn't use the equals sign if that was the case. Mostly because when people see that symbol they assume that it acts like equality. The fact that the video used that symbol is one of my major complaints.

@fergochan 7 лет назад

+sugarfrosted, yeah, the problem with using an equals sign there is that the ability to *use* an equals sign is something that the zeroth law allows us to do. It's really saying "if I do an experiment with A and B and get a particular result, then do an experiment with B and C and also get a particular result, then I will also get that same result if I do the experiment with A and C". It doesn't take too much imagination to come up with examples of experiments where that is not true.

@sebastianjovancic9814 7 лет назад

of course there is, if an Apple is a fruit, and and Orange is a fruit, it does NOT follow that an apple is an orange!

@abuhasan6003 3 года назад

I think this women is more advance in this experiment. We need more elaborate to understand

@portblock 7 лет назад

mLaw (Mikes Law) if a 4th glass is added, and it is not at equilibrium, then N4 != N1-3 Zeroth Law kinda feels like he got an everyone wins medal, unless, there is more I am missing, thus, missing from this video

@okkai 7 лет назад

Brilliant woman, talking about science and temperature. This might be the hottest video on youtube.

@tomdrowry 7 лет назад

Yes, The Royal Society is very embarrassed by the fact that all it's great members of the past were white men, so now the RS is embracing 'diversity' in a big way.

@martinda7446 7 лет назад

Valeska Ting you are lovely.

@vanivasil2718 7 лет назад

Quantum mechanic does not say so

@bhagyashreeurao7931 3 года назад

all we do is speculation

@junesept234 5 лет назад

I think I have a crush on her.

@capstasher 3 года назад

hey there leeds eng

@sowmiyasowmiya6711 4 года назад

The thermometer shouldn't touch the bottom and corner of the vessel. 🙄🙄🙄🙄🙄

@edvardstreijs9083 7 лет назад

Celius did not invent celius scale

@SpeakShibboleth 7 лет назад

Edvards Treijs maybe not, but he sure invented some awesome piano riffs.

@oldcowbb 7 лет назад

veritasium?

@fatsquirrel75 7 лет назад

He did, they just later inverted it when he died.

@nimraiftikhar2475 3 года назад

Where are 0.99, 0.98, 0.97. Laws of thermodynamics ....😥😥😥

@Nalminji 7 лет назад

You could have brought a more interesting case instead of saying A = B = C

@harremsis 7 лет назад

wait... 1) Isn't this just basic logic? (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_relation) (A=B ^ B=C) => (A=C)? 2) Was Celsius into lipstick? not judging here :)

@vikaskumaryadav9534 6 лет назад

U r very beautiful

@primemagi 7 лет назад

what transferred from your glass jars which altered the thermometer? that what you call heat is physical and all physical things have structure and shape. with this clue work it out. when you do you have progressed world and science. MG1

@adankseasonads935 6 лет назад

She's so cute, it hurts!

@tomdrowry 7 лет назад

Is that an Australian accent she has ?

@fatsquirrel75 7 лет назад

As an Aussie, I'd say no. Sounds Kiwi to me.

@tomdrowry 7 лет назад

fatsquirrel75 Yes, Aussie and Kiwi accents are hard to discern by outsiders.

@d.b.cooper1721 7 лет назад

Is it not more like a cross between a South African accent & a sheep?

@TheJamesRedwood 7 лет назад

NZ; very (to my native ears) different vowels to Australian.

@ahorrell 6 лет назад

I'm a kiwi, and it sounds kiwi to me with a little hint of UK. My guess is she's a kiwi who lived there for a while... also the channel is Royal Institute

@captainconsumer 7 лет назад

a clever kiwi

@daiduongdaviddinh140 7 лет назад

the girl speaks perfect English with British accent

@TheJamesRedwood 7 лет назад

New Zealand accent thanks, sooo different to British. Why did you comment on this?

@ouwkyuha 7 лет назад

English isn't my mine, can someone give me the point of this video, please :v ?

@seingam5625 3 года назад

Asian

@Michael-tq6xm 6 лет назад

question...is it not wrong for scientists to tell the peoples that time only began when the baby was born in the big bang......................................when in fact it is not improbable that our universe is nothing more than a new time zone in a much older universe and that the steady state universe may well exist far beyond our capability to detect whats out there. that the steady state and big bang universe can be unified in theory.

@MrBoooooring 7 лет назад

Oh it's impossible to contradict the principles of thermodynamics ? Oh, all right then, let's go back to 1915 and tell Einstein to become a farmer, for Newton's laws of gravitation are absolute and unfalsifiable truths.

@toolworks 7 лет назад

Newton's laws of gravitation were never looked at as absolute in the same way that thermodynamics is. The equations of gravity came about empirically, and no-one really understood what was underlying it and causing the gravity. Newton once said: "I have not been able to discover the cause of those properties of gravity from phenomena, and I frame no hypotheses" The laws of thermodynamics being violated would be like the laws of mathematics being violated - it is so fundamentally a part of the fabric of how things work, it just doesn't make sense to get more energy out of a system than you put in, or for heat to spontaneously flow against a temperature gradient. Even after Quantum Mechanics started being studied, and scientists saw particles vanishing and reappearing from nothing and tunnelling through potential wells, the field theories that eventually arose out of it are still in line with thermodynamics.

@yogijarupla5819 7 лет назад

Zeroth lawIf A is a friend of B and B is a friend of C then A is also friend of C 😱😱😱

@holaamigo3399 7 лет назад

a = b b = c so a = c why is there a law on this ..... 5 year olds proably know this aready

@pythiasibyls6269 7 лет назад

Is this not common knowledge? I'm seriously asking.

@nmarbletoe8210 7 лет назад

Mathematicians once tried to prove that 1+1=2 but discovered you can't. You have to have that as an axiom. The 0th law is like an axiom that lets you do the physics with the confidence of a mathematical theorem.