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What Makes a Sentence True or False? Predicate Logic

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What kind of logic can we find inside sentences? How do we calculate the meaning from what we hear? In this week's episode, we talk about predicate logic: why we need it, how it differs from sentential logic, and how we can combine it with quantifiers to capture the full meaning of our language.
This is Topic #50! Wow.
This week's tag language: Albanian!
Watching our previous video about logic will be pretty helpful for this one: • How Logical is Languag...
Other of our semantics and pragmatics videos:
Scoping Out the Truth: • Semantic Scope Ambiguity
Clues to Meaning: • Implicatures, Entailme...
The Rules of Conversation: • Pragmatics and Gricean...
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And at our website, www.thelingspa... !
You can also find our store at the website, www.thelingspa...
Our website also has extra content about this week's topic at www.thelingspa...
We also have forums to discuss this episode, and linguistics more generally.
Looking forward to next week!

Опубликовано:

28 авг 2024

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Комментарии : 34

@marijastrahinjic8273 8 лет назад

Why don't you teach at my uni, but instead I have to listen to these tedious classes I do every week... It is important how a topic is taught, and you do it brilliantly, clearly and precisely. Thank you for these videos!

@thelingspace 8 лет назад

+Maria Milica Thanks for the kind words here - we really appreciate it. We try our best to break these things down well, and it's good to know it worked for you. ^_^

@moneymasisandversaces1872 4 года назад

This video needs to be at the top of the search results. If it was, I would have saved a lot of time searching for this info. A lot of the videos on here are way to wordy and the speakers think too highly of themselves (they like to hear themselves talk). This video actually captures what is important and isn't annoying. Thank you for putting this video together.

@dalilaweiss3045 3 года назад

Very welll done! Thank you so much! Before your video, I had difficult time understanding Gottlob Frege contributions to Semantics, once Frege is the Father of Predicate Logic.

@KatSoloArt 3 года назад

This is very helpful for studying my Discrete Structures in Computing course. Thank you!

@wyrmbooty 8 лет назад

What a great video!! The only thing that completely threw me off was the "subtraction" like structure for the second, longer statement, and the non-standard letters for the functions/statements, as well as the lack of parentheses around the variables/predicates - I had to pause the video for a solid five minutes before I realized how I was supposed to read the statement, haha. That's if I understood everything properly, of course! There's the trouble with learning first-order logic in math before applying it to linguistics, it seems.

@thelingspace 8 лет назад

Perhaps! Yeah, we thought walking through saying what we were doing exactly at that point would have taken too long, and that it wasn't specifically necessary to making the point, but I can definitely see how it could be confusing. Thanks for sticking with it! Glad you liked it anyway. ^_^

@robert_wigh 8 лет назад

Predicate logic is awesome! THank you very much for showing it to us though this video! ☺

@thelingspace 8 лет назад

Sure! Glad to be able to help. ^_^

@sadielewis3219 2 года назад

So happy abt the Buffy references! ☺️☺️

@NadiaAlmiraSagitta 9 лет назад

All of the variables and the symbols makes language looks like math. It's hard for me to grasp these explanations, especially the predicate logic. Anyway, are these logics part of semantics or else? Thank you. ^^v

@thelingspace 9 лет назад

+Nadia Almira Sagitta Yep, these are part of semantics. For semantics, finding sentences written out in predicate logic (or lambda calculus, which we'll look at in the future) is pretty common. We want to say that underlyingly, language is a logic-based system - the hierarchies we develop in syntax have to get translated into semantics for us to understand the meanings! But since we do it unconsciously, some of it can be hard to follow when we spell it out. What's the confusing part for you? ^_^

@RonLWilson Год назад

Really great video!

@elevenbyfive 9 лет назад

Angel AND linguistics!! This totally made my day. Throw in a little Buffy, and it's my best day ever ;P

@thelingspace 9 лет назад

+Punk Kimono Glad you liked it! And we'll think about some Buffy for the future. I have a Buffy shirt, I just need to find it. Don't know where it went. ^^;

@CorneliusSneedley 9 лет назад

Thanks, Moti. This was interesting, and as usual I learned something, although I must admit much of this was over my head; I had no idea this sort of thing existed before watching this video. On another topic, is it just me, or is the use of the word "an" disappearing of late? I have noticed that many people who otherwise seem reasonably well educated routinely say things like "a apple," often in contexts where I would not expect this. Newscasts, for example.

@thelingspace 9 лет назад

+Cornelius Sneed Glad you liked the video! And yeah, the logic stuff can be a challenge; watching the two logic videos in conjunction could help, but it is pretty technical. On the other hand, I haven't noticed this with "an" changing, and I can't remember anyone else mentioning this, but I'll keep an eye out for it now! Thanks for bringing it to my attention. ^_^

@CorneliusSneedley 9 лет назад

The Ling Space Moti, it could very well be that this has been the norm for quite some time, and I am only noticing it now. However, I remember in the sixties, if show writers wanted to make a hillbilly character sound _particularly_ hick-like and uneducated, they'd give them a line like "Ah'm gonna git me a apple." Nowadays, It seems most people would not notice that _any_ of that was non-standard.

@izabelatrofin2341 6 лет назад

Useful explanations! Thank you!

@ghofrant77 7 лет назад

AMAZING as always!! thank you very much!!

@Defendersofthefaith1 8 лет назад

Isn't the correct formulation in the example at time 6:56: (Fx ^ Oxy) ^ Hy) instead of: (Fx ^ Oxy ^ Hy) The conjunction can´t scope over another conjunction? Just a question since i thought i learned it differently : ) Fantastic videos btw.

@thelingspace 8 лет назад

+Philosophy And Fitness Glad you like them! And I think how we present it is fine, since on top of being commutative, "and" is also associative, like addition. So the order in which the operations are performed makes no difference to the final result. That is, where the brackets go - or whether there are even any brackets at all - doesn't affect the meaning. If one wants to be particularly careful, one should be putting brackets around every pair of expressions connected by a binary connective. But in cases where it makes no meaningful difference, for the sake of visual clarity, it's fine to leave some out, I think. Thanks for the question! ^_^

@scovila 5 лет назад

So helpful...thank you!!

@Davia271 8 лет назад

I'm digging the bunnies man.

@thelingspace 8 лет назад

+Davia Dally Thanks! I was surprised how many we had around. ^_^

@lazarioan3610 7 лет назад

Hey, can anyone help me with this translation, please? "To pass the SEG exam the students have to obtain grade 5 to all the three evaluation forms: laboratory, test, final exam. If one of these grades are below 5, even if the others are higher, the student fails."

@dominicclark3774 3 года назад

"Logic gets us closer and closer to understanding what speakers must know, when they know the meaning of words" ....seems to me all our governments need Boards of Logic.