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In the 19th century ... The technology used to measure the depth of the oceans in this period was a rope and about 1 pound at its end. They tied him up and released him into the water, and they repeated this process periodically and traveled hundreds of thousands of miles in the oceans. Until he arrived near the island of Guam in the Pacific Ocean. The rope they dipped here went down for almost an hour before they reached the bottom of the water. They thought the depth was about 5 km.
Then, as technology developed, it started to send sound waves instead of rope to the bottom of the water. Since these waves are touched and reflected to the bottom, the time taken until they come back to the meter has provided much more accurate measurements. With this technology called sonar, it is found that the deepest point in the world is almost 11 km below the ocean surface. Exactly 10994 meters.
This means that the heights above the sea level in the world are lower than the lowes below it. If we could place Everest, the world's highest peak at 8848 meters, in the Mariana pit, its peak would still remain 2146 meters below the water.
We have known that such a place exists in the world since 1872, but it was the first time in 23 January 1960 that it was almost a century later. Only 9 years before the moon was set. Moreover, the first person who landed in the pit could not even step foot there. Because the pressure at the bottom of this place is about 1000 times higher than the pressure on the earth. If your head could withstand this pressure before it exploded, it would shrink quite a bit.
The first descendants of this pit took a big risk and did this job. It took years to develop a submarine, the “Trieste ecek that could withstand the pressure. Don't look at how big he looks. The two people inside were almost as narrow as a fridge and managed to get to the bottom at the end of a journey of about 5 hours in an area that was at least as cold. After staying for 20 minutes on the ocean floor, which was quite blurry and extremely dark, they went upstairs.
We had to wait more than half a century for the next dive. 4 different teams from different parts of the world started a technological race to dive there. The winner of this race was araç Challenger Deep araç. The person to dive in is a very colorful character. A film director: James Cameron. He had already shown his interest in the seas with the film Titanic and then dived into his wreck. But this time he went to the bottom of the world alone, not with a film crew of hundreds of people. When Mariana reached the deepest point of the pit, she began collecting samples from the ocean floor and filming them with cameras. By the way, did you notice that little thing on the robotic arm? It's a Rolex wristwatch. This watch, one of the sponsors of the project, goes there for the second time. 52 years ago, such a watch was used in the first dive and continued to work at that depth. However, the hydraulic arm to which it was connected soon became inoperable. James Cameron said, “Even if I can't collect samples, at least let me make some exploration.“ After traveling in the pit for about 2 hours, when another problem arose in the submarine, he had to return to the surface. He had to leave a 300-pound weight attached to his vehicle in order to reach the surface.
4 июн 2019
