What the Crookes Radiometer can teach us

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Bet you didn't think these things were useful now, did ya?
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• How a Crookes radiomet...
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19 май 2021

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Комментарии : 5 тыс.

@TechnologyConnections 3 года назад

2nd ometer in a row.

@Anohaxer 3 года назад

ometer series next up nuclear densitometer

@ek12746 3 года назад

If you do another on a resistance measuring device you could top it off with an Ohm-ometer ...

@TheBabaloga 3 года назад

This made me hop over to your channel page to check, and weirdly this video doesn't appear there yet for me. ~Spooky~

@ashtonbrown4318 3 года назад

Leeeeeeeets goooh

@TJDunaway 3 года назад

Through the magic of NOT having two of them?

@Realsheepsoft 3 года назад

"Have you ever seen one of these? I sure have. There's one right here." It's that sort of humor that somehow manages to floor me well done

@TexasBaker 3 года назад

The jokes are deceptively simple, and it's that "easy" appearance that really makes this whole channel(the humorous bits anyway - the channel is made by his exhaustive but entertaining info and absolute master class deadpan delivery married under the umbrella of incredible editing). Like the partial vacuum bit, all of us get it because it's simple, but it took a damn sharp mind to come up with it (and all the others).

@Huntingslife1 3 года назад

This killed me! 😂 😆

@Dargonhuman 3 года назад

@@TexasBaker Even then it took me longer than I care to admit to realize the full depth of the "partial vacuum" pun, but once it did hit, hoo boy did I ever appreciate the heck out of it.

@orangejjay 3 года назад

I died at "that's light pressure not light pressure."

@stephlrideout 3 года назад

I giggled more times than I can count. And that's a lot - I can count pretty high.

@Marsaw 3 года назад

12:54 “How this is accomplished doesn’t really matter for the purposes of this video, but let’s talk about it anyway!” That’s it that’s the whole channel

@Pheonix0114 3 года назад

I know, right?

@Archgeek0 3 года назад

"None of this is very important, but I think it's neat, so buckle up!" - absolutely one of the microgenres of videos to be found.

@QqQq_XiXi-XaXa 3 года назад

That's what I love this guy for)

@Cheeseandchili 3 года назад

This is what we subscribed for! :)

@CoryMck 3 года назад

he said that at 6:03, unless he says it twice in the video

@OzMediaOfficial 2 года назад

I wish I had teachers with this sense of humor and dedication.

@seanc3816 2 года назад

Reddit channel 🤮

@brrrrrr 2 года назад

I *_used to_* have one

@lapis8183 2 года назад

Yey Oz!

@MetaSynForYourSoul Год назад

Well, technically, you have *_one._* 😂

@gowther6419 Год назад

Ozzy wozzy? I’m rewatching rn, I don’t remember seeing you here. Cool!

@JuliaMono 2 года назад

I was in a store with my father many years ago... and they had a display with a fluorescent E27 energy saving lamp and an incandescent bulb, just as you suggested. They used two radiometers, just as you suggested... and the only thing my father said was: "You see? The old style is much brighter. You just need the right tools to show it." ... Maybe to him, it wasn't as intuitive as you suggested. 😅

@DobroPlayer12 Год назад

Well the incandescent bulb was brighter, but only in the infrared spectrum

@steveread4021 Год назад

Sounds like the kind of thing that my father would have said.

@crystalsoulslayer Год назад

I think the radiometer demo only works as Alec describes if you know that it's _heat_ and not _light_ that makes it go nyoom. Maybe a little placard that says "the faster this spins, the warmer it is" would be in order. I'd be tempted to put some kind of visible-light-sensing device in next to the radiometer, too, ideally one that has a similarly interesting and pleasing output, with a similar label. And a screen telling the customer how long each bulb has been lit, their total watts consumed, and how much each has cost the store to run. Just to make it _abundantly_ clear what's going on. Is that going too far?

@matasa7463 Год назад

People often just want an excuse to not have to make changes. I see it so many times now...

@YaofuZhou Год назад

LOL!

@huntabadday2663 3 года назад

"It has one of these!" *Pulls up a piece of a vacuum* "A partial vacuum!" You got me there

@mgntstr 3 года назад

huuh. is that what a they look like in his homeland?

@MrDuncl 3 года назад

@@mgntstr James Dyson, who realised that was the best way to make a Vacuum cleaner is now worth $9.9 Billion.

@P3x310 3 года назад

That joke was quite nearly fatal to me. Yet I still double-tapped the video so I could hear it again.

@AntneeUK 3 года назад

I don't think enough people understood that joke, but it made the whole video for me 😁

@Falsechicken 3 года назад

I laughed irresponsibly hard at that joke.

@wkgoh4975 3 года назад

"...is one of these" Looks like the filter of a vacuum cleaner, whats that? "a partial vacuum." Subscribed

@melodycervantes4167 3 года назад

Oohhhh...

@NorroTaku 3 года назад

oh wow I just got that holy shit that is so dumb xD I didnt realize the vacuum was dissasembled thus representing a partial vacuum I had presumed there was a vacuum inside even before he pulled out his dust sucker

@ynot6473 3 года назад

badum, tish!

@MartynDerg 3 года назад

that's the part that completely cracked me up

@nthgth 2 года назад

LMAO! I didn't even get it completely until I read this comment 🤣

@TheDilettante 2 года назад

That DS9 reference was legit and excellently delivered. Well done, sir!

@macelius Год назад

We've achieved "maximum geek".

@PsuedonymousPatron Год назад

Hmmm...should I be proud or ashamed that I got the reference?

@JonasC22 Год назад

ooo boy could you tell how mad Gul Dukat and the rest of them spoon-heads were when Sisko and his snot nosed kid showed up at their doorstep in that old ship.

@AlphaOfCrimson 10 месяцев назад

I have to admit, I laughed pretty hard when he said that.

@doomtho42 10 месяцев назад

I dunno what DS9 is but I do know that the Arrested Development reference was excellent as well

@katzi423 Год назад

After my grandfather died, I kept one of these from his home office. I've been trying to figure out what it was and how it worked since then. All I knew is that it spun super fast on sunny days and slow on cloudy ones. Thanks for helping me solve the mystery; it means a lot to me. :)

@mileslo_hobbies Месяц назад

R.I.p.

@IanWatson 3 года назад

3:42 "That is, after all, how the ancient Bajorans got to Cardassia." I love you.

@benholroyd5221 3 года назад

Nothing like obscure DS9 references. Now why the hell can I remember a episode I haven't seen in 20+ years, when I can't even remember what day it is?

@jaysea5939 3 года назад

@@benholroyd5221 real questions

@r3dpuma 3 года назад

I wonder how many got that reference. Pure gold!

@jur4x 3 года назад

@@r3dpuma I did. Because ever since I saw that episode I have questions

@Roalethiago 3 года назад

Also how sisko made it to cardassia with jake

@invisibledave 3 года назад

I can hear the neighbors now. "Why is that boy shining a halogen light out his window?" "I don't know. Earlier he was shining it in his window."

@4450krank 3 года назад

"Martha! the boy is doing something again come look"

@StraightOuttaJarhois 3 года назад

Oh no! That sinister-looking kid is coming to kill me!

@anthalamo1 3 года назад

I'm teaching your son about the Universe!

@Salsmachev 3 года назад

I ran into him the other day and he talked for forty-five minutes about his toaster!

@jk9554 3 года назад

@@Salsmachev ...and then he went on talking about his dark orange jacket. That's when I turned and ran for my life.

@jimmybarr9411 3 года назад

“Jim” “Yeah hun?” “That guy is playing with lights at the window again”

@jonathanedelson6733 Год назад

This reminds me of a little used lighting technology: the "HIR" lamp. This was a halogen incandescent lamp with an IR coating on the inside of the bulb. The coating would reflect IR back toward the filament, helping to keep it warm. The efficiency improvement was pretty significant, perhaps 40 or 50%. (Unfortunately this was taking a 2% efficient source and making it 3%....) Jon

@lordgarion514 Год назад

A regular incandescent bulb converts roughly 10% of the electricity into light. So 10% efficiency. A halogen bulb uses 20-30 percent less energy than an incandescent bulb.

@jonathanedelson6733 Год назад

@@lordgarion514 I believe that your efficiency numbers are on the high side, but admit that we might be comparing apples to oranges. When I was looking closely at the tech, it was for bicycle headlights where an output of 10 lumens per watt for an ordinary incandescent lamp was great, and doing things like using halogen IR bulbs with precise voltage regulation might get you to 25 lumen per watt. Depending upon how you define things, 25 lumen per watt might be 10% efficient or 3.5% efficient. (10% by raw visible light photon power out vs electrical power in, 3.5% if you weight for eye spectral sensitivity and compare to the maximum possible number of lumens if you had that power of photons) -Jon

@hobbified Год назад

I was thinking about this exact concept not that long ago. In theory, with perfect materials science (a *really good* hot mirror coating, 100% transmission of visible light through the envelope, and no conductive loss) you could make an incandescent bulb arbitrarily close to 100% efficient. You would put a fraction of the power in, and the reflected IR would heat the filament until the visible light output equaled the power in. On doing research, I learned two things: 1) that I was far from the first to have the idea, and that it's been done various times since the 60s, if not earlier, but the results were disappointing; 2) More recently, there's been some research into using photonic bandgap materials (basically a metal grid with nanoscale structure that gives it extremely wavelength-dependent properties) to create more efficient hot mirrors, and in 2008 a group at RPI reported an achievable efficiency of 125 lm/W... but that appears to have been based entirely on computer simulation, and I don't think the thing was ever built. Still, there might be potential there.

@GeorgeTsiros Год назад

@@hobbified that, is quite interesting.

@Alex-Zone 7 месяцев назад

@@jonathanedelson6733 Perhaps various K values also exhibit varying efficiency. Blue appears brighter than red for example at any given wattage.

@Zveebo 3 года назад

That partial vacuum joke was 👌 Alec

@4gxWfZoNffc2dy 3 года назад

I died

@ewbaite 3 года назад

that's the hardest Ive laughed at a joke

@paulann5257 3 года назад

I'm still recovering.

@BuzzinsPetRock78 3 года назад

I had to puase the video as I was laughing too hard to continue right away :D

@Godsend2290 3 года назад

Came to the comments to say this, that got me so good

@hanselmanryanjames 3 года назад

"Honey that weird nerdy guy next door is shining lights at us through his window again".

@NorroTaku 3 года назад

jokes on you he lives in bum fuck nowhere but the FBI agent gets a chuckle every time TC records a video

@robertapreston4200 3 года назад

🤣😂

@rollinmetzger7392 Год назад

That partial vacuum gag truly had me laughing me ass off.

@hdridergps 2 года назад

Great program as always!! So I’m in the glass and window replacement business, mainly residential. Current technology low-e2 and low-e3 glass is, in my area of the Bay Area in California, dual pane glass where the low-e coating is placed on the inside surface of the exterior side of a double pane glass panel. The material used is a sputter-coated metallized deposition and works just how you described. Its designed for allowing in maximum visible spectrum light and it’s quite effective in warmer climates to bounce out IR from the sun and does work well in the winter as well to keep in our artificial heating IR. Sadly you’re correct about the IR reflection heating exterior surfaces. I myself have seen artificial lawns melted from the heat generated reflection. You’re also correct that winter is when we could use the heating sunlight. Oh, one extra benefit however is that it also reduces some of the sunshine derived UV spectrum light so as to reduce the amounts of inside fading and disintegration of carpeting, furniture etc.. Not a perfect technology but it is greatly beneficial over standard clear / clear insulated dual pane glass, though it comes at a fairly high cost. But those costs have been coming down somewhat as the technology has improved. Keep up the good work!!

@MisterHavoc 3 года назад

19:36 "I only have one of them after all." HERESY!! Who are you and what have you done with the REAL Alec and his magic of buying two of them!?!

@JohnDlugosz 3 года назад

He has one _remaining_ is what we assume. Maybe he wanted to see what would happen if he put one in a microwave oven.

@bennemann 3 года назад

I KNEW this was a different Alec, no wonder he has long hair now!

@ArrantPrac 3 года назад

I was going to say the same thing!

@RCAvhstape 3 года назад

@@JohnDlugosz Okay, now I want to see one in a microwave oven...

@Bill.Pearson 3 года назад

"And now, through the magic of buying two and tearing one apart..." (from the klaxon/not klaxon video)

@Tacospaceman 3 года назад

“Have you ever seen one of these?..... I sure have, *Theres one right here* “ has the same energy as “Every 60 seconds in Africa, a minute passes” And this is why we all love your content. Because it’s legitimately the purest form of awesome.

@Tacospaceman 3 года назад

@@zeta3005 every time 😂

@lordjaashin 3 года назад

man, i really hate that "same energy" statement. why do people use it. it turned your comment from meaningful discussion to dumpster fire

@RazorbackPT 3 года назад

@@lordjaashin Meaningful discussion? He used a playful expression to refer to a silly joke.

@lordjaashin 3 года назад

@@RazorbackPT that silly joke turned his comment distasteful

@bvoyelr 3 года назад

@@lordjaashin As of this moment, 576 people seem to disagree with you. Different strokes for different folks and all that. (Yes, I did consciously resist the urge to use the turn of phrase you dislike so much)

@michaelwood5117 3 года назад

Thanks - I enjoyed this! I first saw these in 1964 in a science museum in Holland (I was 14 years old then). What stuck in my mind was that a second radiometer was working next to it, was using a small twig with four leaves (with light and dark surfaces). An amazing display!

@JBass33 2 года назад

I first saw one in 1958 when I was 8 years old. It was at a souvenir shop at Disneyland. I now have one on one of my bookcases.

@FoxMacLeod2501 3 года назад

That was a very creative shot sequence at 14:20! I love the way you nailed the placement of the lamp, so you could almost miss that it's gone from outside the glass to being reflected in the glass, to appear as though outside.

@protahgonist 3 года назад

"But let's talk about it anyway!" I see you thoroughly understand us, your audience.

@vidareggum6118 3 года назад

He really does.

@Srcsqwrn 3 года назад

I absolutely love this channel, especially so because of the tangents!

@cancelhandles 3 года назад

That DS9 reference was beautiful.

@mightbefluffy1486 3 года назад

That caught me off guard. It was so casually dropped :)

@RyanHannaProductions 3 года назад

I nearly fainted

@jimd385 3 года назад

Back when Trek was fun, insightful, bold, heartfelt and must watch tv. I gave up on Discovery halfway through season 2, and I did watch all of Picard.....but regretted it.

@matthewbarry4464 3 года назад

But forgot to add the Bajorins also needed a spatial anomaly in order to make it to Cardassia. Damn thing almost killed Jake and Sisko.

@Emoowl 3 года назад

yes, i was expecting this xD

@thomaswalsh4552 Год назад

My dad had an old one of these, which was originally my grandfather’s. I’ve always loved it and was obsessed with the minutiae of how it worked as a small child. I am now an astrophysicist, and credit it as why

@HCIdivision17 11 месяцев назад

A note about low-e coatings shifting magenta on glass: they're designed to be bandpass filters, usually using repeated layers silver to shore up the UV and infrared reflectivity. One interesting side effect is that because the filter works by tuning layers against the light waves, at an angle it tunes differently. This is why you see that weird magenta effect: it's considered a defect, but also somewhat unavoidable. As you walk by commercial storefronts, look up on a cloudy day, and if you see bands of green/magenta, the coating had "shifted a* too hard" (using the CIE Lab color scale), yielding that defective Christmas tree banding effect. Given how complicated color spaces are and how light wave interference effects interact with the layers to enable the bandpass filter, it's probably more surprising there aren't more color artifacts when reflections are stacked. The way your typical glass coating interacts with glass is shockingly complex and really neat!

@sixstringedthing 3 года назад

"I have, there's one right here...", and then a Nixon "I am not a Crook" reference within the first minute. I love it when Alec gets extra whimsical.

@marcokrueger3399 3 года назад

Oh, I missed that Nixon reference. Thanks for making me notice!

@cllewis1 3 года назад

I have to admit - I caught the Nixon reference but it took me just a minute to catch the meaning. That joke is going to fail to launch with a certain number of viewers who are in the younger demographic.

@osgoodbad 3 года назад

and I'm reasonably certain that the housing community was not called "Sudden Valley" unless it was built by the Bluth Corporation.

@laurencefraser 3 года назад

@@cllewis1 Also the non-American audience.

@DrSX 3 года назад

That was it! Thanks, that Nixon thing has been nagging at me since i first watched the video last night. I knew there was a pun or joke in there somewhere but couldn't quite tease it out.

@alexadelaide 3 года назад

I get the feeling you’ve had that partial vacuum joke stashed for a while and just got the confidence to use it

@McConnellMatthew 3 года назад

It got me good, I had to pause the video.

@Majima_Nowhere 3 года назад

I let out a very disappointed "god damnit"

@stepnow 3 года назад

I laughed out loud at that joke. Had to rewind the video because I missed good 30 seconds

@BradiKal61 3 года назад

that made me groan. audibly

@TheJanitorIsIn 3 года назад

That joke sucked

@SpiritmanProductions 2 года назад

"Partial vacuum" 😂

@SreenikethanI 2 года назад

timestamp: 05:31

@h7opolo Год назад

this is one of my favorite devices. literally transforming the light we're bathed in and emit into mechanical motion.

@MarioDiNicola 3 года назад

Plot twist: he was the person running the demo for his past self so he would eventually make this video and go back in time to do the demo!

@purplegill10 3 года назад

Ok I love this idea.

@tempestfrost 3 года назад

Great script kid! Contact Bruce Willis's agent and see if he's available. We'll call it: 13 Monkey's - Crook's Curse. Now here on page 6, is there anyway we could have past guy be a robot? Also, I'm not seeing enough explosions here. What if when past guy and present guy meet we cut to an exterior shot of the invading alien robot army beaming down from the mothership? What about the sidekick? Present guy should have a sidekick, right? We'll get Rob Schneider! Great kid, just great! One last thing: could past guy be a duck?

@alloutofbubblegum8165 3 года назад

My mind is blown.

@thisaccountisntreal107 3 года назад

Its true He actually briefly covered this in his time machine video but he never elaborated on it

@SydBat 3 года назад

@@tempestfrost - Just not sure how could we make him a duck? Super easy. Barely an inconvenience.

@ConnerBurns 3 года назад

The radiometer, the flood light, and the window is my favorite C.S. Lewis fanfic.

@chuckoneill2023 3 года назад

😄😄😄😄😄😄

@defective6811 2 года назад

12:07 I *thoroughly* believe that this is TC's primary motivation for building his time machine, and that all other motivations are secondary or tertiary

@benni_hpg6279 2 года назад

I love your videos so much. They're more entertaining than most of youtube, while at the same time teaching me interesting new things. And by the way, it really shows, that you enjoy yourself making these videos, which makes them even better

@tjkilen8208 3 года назад

"That's how the Bajorians got to Cardassia." Annnd, that's a like.

@AC3handle 3 года назад

well technicly, it wasn't light that got them there.

@havoc1482 3 года назад

Tachyon eddies!

@oldvlognewtricks 3 года назад

@@havoc1482 They’re not Eddie’s: they’re mine.

@slipperyh8390 2 года назад

The Mote in God's Eye aliens used this too.

@alteans 2 года назад

@Tiffany Ballard A script oversight? That part, didn't got into the episode at the end..lol

@frainy345 3 года назад

If the DS9 reference wasn't enough we then get the partial vacuum almost immediately after... You bring honor to your house!

@reacey 5 месяцев назад

The partial vacuum joke killed me off. Your comedic timing and general humour is actually fantastic. You'd make a marvelous standup.

@ComputerRouter 2 года назад

An amazing video, fascinating subject and all the usual TechnologyConnections puns and bloopers, this is the best video I've watched this year

@thisslime2109 3 года назад

"That is in fact how the ancient bajorans got to cardassia" gotta love that star trek deep space 9 reference.

@boomznbladez405 3 года назад

Is it ds9 or tng? Bajorans and cardassians were introduced in Tng as well as a fair bit of the back stories

@aelolul 3 года назад

DS9. Sisko and Jake traveled on a reproduction of an ancient light sail for a vacation. They accidentally found the tachyon eddy that the ancient Bajorans (and misc artifacts) used for interstellar travel. Even though none of that makes sense, and it also makes no sense how ancient travelers would have made the return journey.

@boomznbladez405 3 года назад

@@aelolul thanks for the answer.i remember that now :p

@ocdtrekkie 3 года назад

I double-took at this joke. Fantastically well placed.

@thisslime2109 3 года назад

@@ocdtrekkie Yeah I took a duble take too, tbh I loved it

@silkyz68 3 года назад

The number of "How it's Made" panning shots is increasing each episode.

@Andrew90046zero 3 года назад

Omg I totally saw that! Looked just like a how it’s made product intro

@Zeppflyer 3 года назад

Yes, but HiM is limited by law to a maximum of two bad puns per episode. TC could never be held in that box.

@TheKCsaba 3 года назад

I'd rather hear bad puns, than seeing him stare at the camera after finishing a sentence 🤭

@NeatNit 3 года назад

@@Zeppflyer I don't think we're watching the same How It's Made, I hear like 20 bad puns per episode.

@williamstrachan 3 года назад

Side effect of puns

@FW-jq1ox 2 года назад

This is my favorite of his videos - great content, great delivery, and excellent ending (the conclusion, not just the bloopers). This dude is awesome.

@MrWhaatay 2 года назад

I stumbled across this video because it was a suggested one. I thought what could possibly take 25 minutes to explain this device and thought I would get bored and stop watching after a few minutes but was pleasantly surprised that the video was so interesting I watched the enjoyed the entire thing. The bloopers at the end was a genius move. Now I come for the videos and stay for the bloopers. Well done!

@joebykaeby 3 года назад

“Nixon had one of these, but he denied it.” I have no idea how I’ll ever be able to use that, but I swear I’ll find a way before I die.

@OrangeC7 3 года назад

I'll just add it to my list of internal random facts that nobody needs to hear but I tell them at random anyways. "Oh by the way, did you know that Richard Nixon denied owning a radiometer?"

@kaidwyer 3 года назад

you won’t use it more than teflon... man.

@MixturexD 3 года назад

It's one of the sentences Nixon is best known for: 'I do not own a Crooke'

@ropersonline 3 года назад

@@OrangeC7 --How so? "He famously said: I ain't got a Crookes."

@njjeff201 3 года назад

I thought people were seeing tricky dickey on potato chips too...?

@GenaTrius 3 года назад

You're really the only good kind of influencer. Instead of influencing people to buy a makeup brand or something, you influence people to use their dishwashers correctly.

@pXnTilde 3 года назад

can confirm: I use my dishwasher correctly now

@AltonV 3 года назад

I don't have a dishwasher, but I did educate my parents about theirs.

@hamjudo 3 года назад

My dishes come out cleaner now.

@tanya5322 3 года назад

The brand of dishwasher tabs I buy fit nicely into to both the pre-wash and wash dispenser compartments. The only time I have issues is when someone else loads the dishwasher and places a long cooking utensil in the silverware basket in such a way that it blocks the little flappy door from opening. There by sealing the main wash tab inside the compartment.

@zarlus8 3 года назад

So true. I gained so many hours of my life since watching. Dishes are now just an inconvenience instead of a daunting chore.

@naota3k Год назад

I come back to watch this video every 6 months or so because I: A - Tend to forget things like this. B - Cannot get enough of Alec's enthusiasm.

@ZZ-sb8os 2 года назад

I love learning about tech, but sometimes that experience can be a little dry, and you do such an amazing job of making learning fun. Thank you for this channel, it's like RU-vid comfort food.

@xFunnypigx 3 года назад

"It's a heat engine" "I KNEW IT" I'm way prouder than I should be.

@Schmytzi 3 года назад

I expected him to call it a refrigeration cycle. Just to mess with us

@josephpowell6009 3 года назад

no , you should be proud , i wanted to shout wtf and hurry up for a while till he finally explained it. i think this demonstrates oumuamuas stealthy exit amazingly.

@chrisgurney2467 3 года назад

I used to have a radiometer until I had the bright idea of seeing what would happen to it in the microwave, fun fact, I don't have a radiometer anymore XD

@joesterling4299 3 года назад

Funny thing is that, if you had put a glass of water in next to it, you might still have a radiometer.

@pathologicalliar8728 3 года назад

@@joesterling4299 ill test this

@redoverdrivetheunstoppable4637 3 года назад

@@joesterling4299 not guaranteed or simply a bad idea disguised as a smart move, usually you don't put metal in a uW AT ALL

@joesterling4299 3 года назад

@@redoverdrivetheunstoppable4637 Nothing needs to be metal in a radiometer. And it was a joke, which I guess I now have to ruin by explaining. Putting anything in a microwave without a liquid to absorb the energy will lead to a runaway condition that can destroy the oven and whatever is in it. A glass of water would solve that, if not the issue of excessive metal that resonates with the microwaves.

@redoverdrivetheunstoppable4637 3 года назад

@@joesterling4299 first of all, i don't see any joke... second, the radiometer has likely metal in it, starting from the needle and probably the vanes... third, putting a decoy material you will ABSORB but not ATTRACT all the microwaves so the problem remains, infact people have bad expereinces with metal !!!AND WET FOOD!!! in a uW i'm not replying anymore, this is becoming awkward, goodbye.... and stop suggesting dangerous things for spaghetti monster sake

@sgctactics 3 года назад

Brings me back to the AR optical and glass fabrication days... every bit made me want to throw in my 2 cents 😄 Having the need to visually recognize the coated side of low-e glass made its color and effect very surprising. It's hard to describe, but it looks kind of both red and greenish depending on the angle of view, and goes blueish-purple as it ages. So it definitely doesn't reflect only infrared. That view of the led reflections reminded me of when I used to double coat crizal test lenses for crazy effects, and found out that you can remove individual layers by applying a wet erase marker before coating. So many smiley faces and funny notes I've made in the reflections, with wild pinks, yellows and metallic fluorescent blues.... I still have a few 😁 Man, you should do a vid on antireflective coatings! 😉

@winterwatson6437 2 года назад

My grandma’s house is quite old and has storm windows that she puts outside the normal windows over the winter. Someone could develop a similar window system where the normal window is regular glass, and a pane of low e glass goes on each summer

@FrenkMelk 3 года назад

Okay man, you just unlocked next level respect with your Bajoran reference. May the prophets smile on you all your days

@collin4555 3 года назад

His pagh is strong

@kerschdje 3 года назад

But…. Tachyons!

@TheGrinningViking 3 года назад

RIP the original commenter, who was blown up by a bajorin religious faction for once using the words "wormhole" and "aliens" in the same sentence.

@pgodwin 3 года назад

@@TheGrinningViking they probably just worship the Pah-wraiths

@Narokkurai 3 года назад

My 6th grade science teacher used this in a week long project on skepticism and the scientific method, where he first taught us the "light pressure" hypothesis, and then walked us step-by-step through how and why that explanation doesn't work, and used many of the demos you used here to help us formulate a new hypothesis that's closer to the truth. For myself and a lot of kids, it was the exact moment that turned us into scientific thinkers for life. Thanks Mr Block!

@maplecinna3979 3 года назад

As soon as I saw the black and white sides like that I assumed it had something to do with heat. Like, the black/hotter side would give the gas near it more energy, thus getting more kinetic energy when the gas bounces off it. Either that or something to do pressure or gas density.

@PhirePhlame 2 года назад

The reflection vs absorption thing reminds me of when I was at a paintball target practice booth. Sometimes I missed, and one time, a paintball that missed failed to burst when it hit the back wall and instead bounced back (thankfully not leaving the booth to hit me or someone else) and that particular hit against the wall was noticeable louder than the ones where the painballs _did_ burst.

@deadMonkey96 3 года назад

Somebody might have said this already, but for me vinyl records really help demonstrate some stuff intuitively. Namely the relationship of file size, compression and audio quality.

@DanielMinottoII 2 года назад

Tis true

@StrokeMahEgo 3 года назад

"I can picture in my mind a world without war, a world without hate. And I can picture us attacking that world, because they'd never expect it." -Gul Dukat

@F40PH-2CAT 3 года назад

Space Prussia got what it deserved.

@pauljackson3491 3 года назад

Wasn't that Zapp Brannigan(sp) on Futurama?

@MetalheadAndNerd 3 года назад

They were the finest space nazis Trek ever had. Better than the Aryans, the most cringy take on space-naziism ever.

@jmchez 3 года назад

The Simpsons portrayed that 30 years ago in the "Monkey's Paw" part of their Tree House of Horror.

@rodchallis8031 3 года назад

"Beige Alert."

@oneirophon8912 3 года назад

"That is, after all, how the ancient Bajorans got to Cardassia." That was exactly my thought when I saw this!

@MonkeyspankO 3 года назад

I'm not alone!

@schlaier 3 года назад

Let's be honest it was the Tachyons eddies that let them bypass the Denorios belt that really got them to Cardassia

@krzysztofczarnecki8238 3 года назад

My thoughts were more towards the movie Pitch Black, as they have like everything powered by Crookes radiometers on the planet the movie takes place on. In reality that's probably the least efficient way to make something solar-powered without using fancy materials, and a dish heating up a Stirling or steam engine would be comparatively easy to make.

@zerog2000 3 года назад

Points for DS9 nerd cred

@BeccaRyy 3 года назад

Trekkies unite!

@JadeHarleyBizarrely 3 года назад

i love crookes radiometers! my great grandma had one in her house when i was a little kid, and i was always fascinated with it. i would just lay in the living room, watching it spin in the sunlight through the old sheet-glass front windows.

@vivangreco1710 2 года назад

I've always loved these little gadgets. I've never noted the reversal in direction when removed from the source of infrared radiation. Very illustrative of the fact that it is indeed, a thermal phenomenon. I've always enjoyed your videos, but the Arrested Development reference was great!

@The8BitGuy 3 года назад

You know one machine I've never grasped how it works is a van der graaf generator. Sure, I've read numerous explanations of how they work. But for some reason my brain doesn't actually seem to lock onto the mechanism. Your explanation of the radiometer, on the other hand, makes total sense.

@someone7554 3 года назад

paperclip

@Beeks81 3 года назад

Up next, the Van-De-Graaf-ometer!

@jonathanentwisle6282 3 года назад

I once went inside a giant van der graaf generator. They still use some of them for small scale particle physics experiment. They look a little bit like small submarines. Instead of the rubber band of a desk top van der graaf they use a large metal chain

@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475 3 года назад

For me, The key to those is understanding the belt inside. It's floppy and slips a lot. So in actuality, it's like using duct tape to clean lint off a sweater. Only in this case, the lint is charge (from an ion, proton or electron is still debatable.) Once the belt touches and pulls away enough ions (from the roller or buff), you have a charge potential. Maybe you already got that far, but realizing it isn't horizontal sliding, but perpendicular touching and pulling away, made the difference for me.

@Kaepsele337 3 года назад

I was under the impression that no one actually knows why rubbing those materials against each other actually separates charges.

@ceralor 3 года назад

"Partial vacuum" made me reel from a pun supported by a prop, dare I say dependent on the prop. I can't remember a previous time you've propped up a pun like this. Kudos.

@adamradford8053 3 года назад

"propped" up? Nice one

@ceralor 3 года назад

@@adamradford8053 I aim to "please, stop"

@GamesFromSpace 3 года назад

Most puns suck, but not that partial vacuum.

@CaersethVarax 3 года назад

I had to pause the video, angrily yell at the screen and then chuckle in appreciation of this quality pun

@kingunicorn7353 3 года назад

i think the best one he's done is when he pulled up an extension cord from under the desk saying "another plug? why yes!" it's in his vid on heat pumps, about 6 minutes in

@angelahornung8488 Год назад

Absoloutely love your videos! I feel like you answer all of my stupid late night questions!!! Like honestly, my fave thing is just to watch your videos after work. :)

@tamasmihaly1 Год назад

You're awesome. I love that you know Ben. You have a really great channel. Thank you!

@Helpful_Corn 3 года назад

"How this is accomplished doesn't really matter for the purposes of this video...but let's talk about it anyway!" Amazing, just as I would have expected.

@OnboardG1 3 года назад

“Especially if architects start experimenting with curved glass”. Ah yes, I remember the building in London that cosplayed a Martian tripod, complete with car-melting heat-ray.

@danem2215 3 года назад

The architect who built that monstrosity made *another* curved glass death ray in Las Vegas.

@hankblaster 3 года назад

The walkie-talkie!

@bryonmorgan5208 3 года назад

@@danem2215 Somehow I'm not surprised. I have a feeling it was deliberately done so that the casino with the death ray would be set up to burn a competing casino down the Strip.

@jr2904 3 года назад

The Aria

@davidioanhedges 3 года назад

@@danem2215 He made the one in Vegas first, it was a deathray as well ... he thought the Walkie Talkie wouldn't do the same because it was always overcast in the UK ... we have weather and it was also a deathray ... just not often

@MikeMouradian 2 года назад

Its so nice to hear someone with a good vocabulary and be thoughtful. You refresh me.

@HickLif3 Год назад

A window that switches to let ir heat in in the winter and not during thee summer could actually be fairly easy. It could be as easy as having a sheet of plexiglass or real glass coated in an ir reflextive film and you just remove it in the wintere. just replace the screen with this and make it full length. or you have a standard window but instead of opening it to the screen you you are opening it to a non ir reflective glass

@satyris410 Год назад

or you could have electrochromic glass that can vary its transparency to different wavelengths of light

@recklessroges 3 года назад

The English word play is even sharper than that needle thing inside the roundy-roundy windowsill toy.

@DaddyBeanDaddyBean 3 года назад

Spinnamathingin'.

@BroadFieldGaming 3 года назад

"It's a partial vacuum." My God, that line and setup was genius.

@outrotipo4193 3 года назад

Thank you for these videos! I fully enjoyed the writing, presentation and research! Just Wonderful.

@TonyVallad Год назад

Thanks so much for your videos. I love the content and style ! Very informative ;)

@rosskwolfe 3 года назад

I'm a simple man. I hear a DS9 reference, I click "thumbs up".

@HoboVibingToMusic 3 года назад

The only youtube channel who can make videos that last for 20+ minutes, keep my attention, and teach me the most, pointless, but yet interesting stuff... Alec, you're a bloody genius.

@Biegspoon 3 года назад

This channel and electroBOOM teach me stuff that won’t likely help me much in daily life but I’m happy they exist.

@thetroll1247 3 года назад

As a useless knowledge conisour I love this channel.

@hrodwulf6457 2 года назад

I remember years ago I saw a video where some guy named Ken explained that the radiometer moves because of a pressure mediation light causes in the Luminiferous Aether. Its good too see how things where back then and in the modern age so I would just say its magic and works by the Force/Ki/Dao/Quantum/Aether/etc lol! Your explanation makes pretty valid sense I enjoy learning new things, your channel has been a delight of mine for a very long time and I thank you for rending my boredom null good Sir.

@unclemarksdiyauto 2 года назад

The 8 year old in me & me at my age now are both fascinated by this device and demonstration. Very easy to understand. You out you did yourself on this video. Thanks for the knowledge and entertainment value!

@ceralor 3 года назад

Alec: How the ancient Bajorans got to Cardassia Me: *pointing vigorously at the screen* THAT!!

@RyanHannaProductions 3 года назад

🔥🔥🔥👌🏻

@filpaul 3 года назад

🖖

@EmelieKerek 3 года назад

There are few things as delightful as “getting” a pun 3 - 5 seconds after it is said, and then shaking your head at the level of cheesiness of said pun.

@BenderdickCumbersnatch 3 года назад

I feel like he is going insane. His intro is hilarious. "Have you ever seen one of these? I sure have. There's one right here." And the Nixon crook pun was so elaborate that I loved it.

@EmelieKerek 3 года назад

@@BenderdickCumbersnatch agreed! Truly comedy gold!! The Nixon pun and the vacuum pun were the two that stumped me for a few seconds and then finally dawned on me haha

@RiceNoodlestw 3 года назад

I had to read your writing of the nixon crook one and then it clicked.

@cleetusmcgooter01 4 месяца назад

7:40 love the Arrested Development reference lol. Little moments like that and the partial vacuum joke are why I'm gladly subscribed to this channel

@pyrobryan 2 года назад

My 2nd grade teacher showed us one of these, so I was about 6 at the time (44 now). She explained that it worked by reflecting light, but I still remember that day because, like you said, those things are cool.

@Django45 3 года назад

The number of puns and "double meaning" avoidance was outrageous in this episode and I love it! :D

@Teh_O_Ice 3 года назад

As someone working in the field of glass coatings, I can tell you that your first assumption is actually right: a low-e coating is designed to reflect far IR but let near IR through. In reality though there is a compromise to find between how high we want to far IR reflection to be and how low the near IR reflection can stay. This compromise is linked to the properties of the materials used in the coating. So If you leave in a cold place, far IR reflection is very important and everything is done to make it as high as possible even if it means increasing the near IR reflection a bit as well. The orientation and position of the coating in the window are important but it cannot really create a big assymetry of reflection in the IR. A window designed to limit solar inputs by reflecting the near and far IR is called a solar control (for big glass buildings). There the trade of becomes transparency in the visible range. Finally, if you want a windows with tunable solar inputs, look at Electrochromic ("smart") windows. They are amazing ! One example is called SageGlass.

@kaitlyn__L 3 года назад

Finally I know that smart windows are for. I was baffled why a blinds/curtains alternative would help any more with energy consumption, and thought it was surely an aesthetic consideration. But reducing heating in winter and reducing cooling in summer would reduce energy usage of the building and help. So I see now. It’s very much like how some places have a lip above their windows so high summer sun doesn’t come in and heat i as much as the low winter sun.

@rhettorical 3 года назад

I have heard that greenhouse glass has coating that allows IR into the building but not out. Is that true? Or is it just totally reflective and it's only the IR generated by the plants that heats it up?

@kaitlyn__L 3 года назад

@@rhettorical afaik it’s the hot air kept inside, and the solar heating on the glass (which, heating up the panes themselves, is a separate matter from how much they actually pass through themselves)

@slizer452 2 года назад

22:15 "Well that's neat!" I've never heard you sum this channel up better.

@troublecluster 2 года назад

Great video as always and loved the DS9 reference!

@nw7696 3 года назад

When I was a kid I put mine in the freezer and it spun backwards, I realized that it was thermally reactive then. Also noticed that the heat from my hands on a cold day was sufficient to make it rotate slightly. Great explanation. 😊👍🏻

@NightFalcon5052 2 года назад

I was about to ask if your hand could make it spin. Cool!

@nw7696 2 года назад

@@NightFalcon5052 the better ones are even more sensitive, they usually start around 50 dollars (US) though.

@HappyBeezerStudios 2 года назад

heat is quite fascinating for that. In winter I tend to activate the traffic light switches with the heat from my hands. Don't even have to touch it, just be closeby, maybe 1-1.5cm/0.5''

@SilverAura Год назад

A bit late but you know what's incredible about this story? The fact that you learned something far above your knowledge "tier" through observation and critical thinking. Now imagine just how much knowledge is collected from people worldwide that goes completely unnoticed because we just thought everyone else either knew just didn't find value in knowing. I had a similar experience at a younger age when I discovered that our nerves and response times that are longer than instantaneous and a very early existential crisis when I realize that we can never experience the world exactly as it is... but has an ultimate speed limit of how fast our body and mind can take in and process.

@normandothegreat Год назад

@@SilverAura I've read that Bruce Lee struggled with reacting to external stimuli without excessively processing the situation presented. Although he was probably 99% more efficient than the average person in his reaction times, relying solely on strength, speed, and good old muscle memory, it just wasn't good enough for the perfectionist. I suppose we all live in the past due to our relatively slow buffered reaction times? 🤷‍♂️ Through the years I've always entertained my inventive nature, usually confiding in what I would think to be a good friend. All too often I've heard "they already have one of those", or something else to shoot down my ideas. Usually within 10 years or so I find that by coincidence one of the same ideas has come to fruition, makes me wonder where people could be had their ideas been cultivated opposed to being belittled? That unknown knowledge you mentioned should be tapped into by "Think Tanks" sponsored by world governments, a place where critical thinking can be utilized and stored. A recognition and rewards system would be great as an incentive to contribute, and I'm sure many problems could and would be solved. 🙂👍

@rud 3 года назад

I got one in the late seventies when I was 8. I was fascinated with them in school and my grandmother managed to buy on in a shop that sold school supplies for my Christmas gift that year. The store clerk said it wouldn't be suitable for young children as a gift, but she believed I would take good care of it. So now it is 2021. My parents and grandparents died years ago. But I still have that radiometer on my shelf. Survived moving 7-8 times.

@rud 3 года назад

hmm 8 as well, weird. ok I might have been 10.

@millomweb 3 года назад

Pity you forgot to include the punchline. "I still have that radiometer but the shop was demolished 5 years ago."

@davebanach9891 Год назад

Love how the angles in the beginnings of the videos are like how it’s made showed off the items they were making that episode.

@misterincredible6819 Год назад

I had one of these, when I was a kid. Not only the Bajorans sailed through space on "photons", also Benjamin and Jake Sisko did the same. Live long and prosper.

@John73John 3 года назад

Literally every science teacher I've ever had: "This is because photons have momentum" TC: "Nah it's just a heat engine" Me: *Complete, utter disappointment

@Dargonhuman 3 года назад

Makes you truly wonder what else you didn't actually learn in school, doesn't it?

@BilisNegra 3 года назад

Especially because "photon momentum" sounds so cool, doesn't it?

@John73John 3 года назад

@@Dargonhuman Well, I already know that "Boil a frog alive if you heat it slowly enough" and "Attract more flies with honey than with vinegar" are wrong. This goes all the way back to 1st grade... on day 1, the teacher wanted to be able to leave the room without us getting into trouble, so she taught us what it means when someone tells you to "freeze". She explained: "When you put an ice cube in the freezer, it can't move." Even at the time, I saw two problems with that statement. 1, You don't put ice cubes in the freezer, you put a tray of water in the freezer. You get ice cubes out of the freezer. And 2, Ice cubes are not known for their ability to move on their own, regardless of the environment they're in. Yeah, teachers are full of BS. Next I'm gonna find out the Earth is flat or something...

@justindunlap1235 3 года назад

My 6th grade science teacher Mr.dixon knew the truth.

@kartoffelbrei8090 3 года назад

"I mean, yes but really no

@vwestlife 3 года назад

A portable AM radio tuned to a blank spot on the dial can be used for all sorts of things, such as testing a remote control, demonstrating the different designs of power supplies used in LED light bulbs, or even getting a computer to play music wirelessly.

@thenapdoreast4633 3 года назад

Nice

@Muonium1 3 года назад

also for listening to meteors. Only with FM though. The plasma trail will reflect the radio waves of distant stations beyond the horizon for a few seconds.

@han_pritcher 3 года назад

Or famously, as a lightning detector.

@louistournas120 3 года назад

@@han_pritcher I think some people use it in home made metal detectors. (A radio tuned to some AM channel).

@theshadetreewelder3523 3 года назад

how do you do the last part

@chronicallymeee 2 года назад

"Why do I still ___? Because I'm lazy and I'm used to it." Looks at almost everything I do. Wow that's a mood.

@okbanlon Год назад

Fascinating stuff - and I just lost it at "partial vacuum"! Very cool and interesting video!

@mookiemorjax 3 года назад

Hiya! I'm in the fenestration industry. The Low-E coating is on the inside of the outer pane of glass, and does both the rejecting of outdoor IR and retention of indoor IR. The coloration you see under certain lighting conditions is a result of the recipe of the sputtered silver coating.

@Australian_Made 2 года назад

Better be good or some upset customer might ... ... defenestrate you. 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

@andybaldman 2 года назад

‘fenestration’. Lol. You make windows.

@HelgeMoulding 2 года назад

So the defenestration industry removes windows? I was wondering about these politicians Putin removed by defenestration...

@FrancisCWolfe 2 года назад

It can be on surface 2 or 3, depending on climate.

@johanmetreus1268 2 года назад

@@HelgeMoulding It was Charles XII that coined the term during his not-so-brief visit in Bender.

@Jaymac720 3 года назад

I appreciated the Star Trek reference. I’m rewatching DS9 right now and saw that episode a few days ago

@Dargonhuman 3 года назад

I didn't see that reference coming ... just like Dukat didn't see Sisko coming!

@guillermorodriguez3844 Год назад

From El Salvador. Very In lighting video, I am now 71 years old,, when I was TEN,my mother brought me one Radiometer,from USA, and I still have it, and now I can understand much of it thanks to you

@jezzamobile 2 года назад

Excellent channel! Thankyou.

@RothAnim 3 года назад

“How this is accomplished doesn’t really matter for the purposes of this video..." "Awww." "...but let’s talk about it anyway!” "YAY!"

@R4ndomNMBRS 3 года назад

12:55

@BodyMusicification 3 года назад

This made me so happy. Usually purveyors of educational videos say something like, "but that's a topic for a future video" and then that future never comes to actualization. :(

@ButterBallTheOpossum 3 года назад

The DS9 reference was great 👍 The episode where Sisko builds the solar ship was great!

@OctarineCode Год назад

Scientific crew of DS9, prepared to be beamed in!

@biggityboggityboo8775 Год назад

I hated that epis9de. So dull and low tech.

@kenjifox4264 Год назад

@@biggityboggityboo8775 in the Star Trek future people don’t care about email and internet

@biggityboggityboo8775 Год назад

@@kenjifox4264 By low tech I meant the ship they were on was old tech. I like episodes on the station, defiant and runabouts.

@korokshiding Год назад

I loved that episode and the father and son bond ❤️

@gazzzzza911 Год назад

I could listen to your explanations all day long!!!

@alphonsedaudet5547 3 года назад

Here are a few precisions about the low-e, which I happen to know a bit about! I am too lazy to give sources but I tried to drop keywords. If you are interested, the manufacturer sites (Guardian, Saint-Gobain etc.) are IMO just the right balance (not too technical but still not pure marketing) for viewers of this channel. 12:35 - 12:52 actually low-e windows do cut quite a bit of visible light, by 15% to 40%. It's just that humans do not perceive absolute light levels well, so as long as the glass is "optically neutral" (not visibly tinted red or blue) we do not really see it. The video actually shows a change in brightness when you compare the opened or closed window (ok, the CCD does not capture the exact same wavelengths as human vision, but still). 14:40 and 17:02 the window is very probably double (or triple) glazing and the various reflections occur inside the gap between glasses. The best low-e coatings we can make (most transparent in the visible range with near-total rejection of IR range) are based on one or multiple silver layer(s) (stacked with other stuff to achieve color neutrality, resistance to glass process etc etc). Oxygen from the atmosphere tends to attack the silver over a few months, so the double glazing unit is filled with either argon or nitrogen. The low-e stack goes on the inner face of the outer glazing; the silver does not get to breathe all that nasty oxygen (at least for the first years of use where argon is still here) but the gap still provides some thermal insulation. The gap thickness is designed to minimize convection flow, and radiation exchange is low because of the low-e (Kirchoff's law, or as I call it blackbody magic, requires that if you reflect incoming IR you do not emit much of your own). If you touch the outer glass of a double-glazing with low-e it will feel hotter that a regular double-glazing (because the IR that bounces off the coating crosses the glass twice and heat it up more). There are some single-glazing low-e that do not oxyde (for oven or fridge doors, chimney covers etc) but with much poorer IR rejection performances.

@MiguelAngel-gn3ht 3 года назад

Thanks for the info, these are very interesting insights!

@RCAvhstape 3 года назад

Who knew there was so much engineering in a simple window. Compare that with the simple glass in an antique window.

@ethanhayes 3 года назад

Thank you so much! How it operates doesn't seem all that dissimilar from a mirror with a silver backing, just that the layer is only enough thickness to reflect infrared, If I get this right?

@effiebriest1278 3 года назад

thanks, this is some valuable insight. Also makes me think about recycling and the growing usage of silver.

@44R0Ndin 3 года назад

I've seen some low-E glass advertised as using Krypton or other more expensive noble gases instead of Argon, any thoughts? My guess is that it takes longer for these heavier noble gases to seep out of the inside of the low-E glass assembly, because I know from my interest in space launch rockets that Hydrogen (even liquid hydrogen) will "leak" right thru the atomic metal lattice structure of a metal pressure vessel wall given enough time (causing hydrogen embrittlement along the way), and that other gases (like Oxygen) will not do that, so my operating theory is that the larger the atom or molecule of gas is, the harder it is for it to treat a given barrier as porous. Xenon and Krypton have pretty much full valence orbitals in their ground state, which is what makes them avoid forming molecular bonds with other elements, but according to my theory that would also make them very resistant to being pressed thru a solid material barrier like a pane of glass. Also, why can't they just put another coating (perhaps a polymer of some sort, or even a layer of plasma-deposited graphene or diamond?) on top of the silver coating to prevent oxidation? Too expensive?

@bentoth9555 3 года назад

Loved the DS9 reference. That was a great episode. But it's important to note that it wasn't just the solar sail, they also had those eddy currents in the Denorios Belt.

@stdesy 3 года назад

I *really* hope you had to look up that name

@Dargonhuman 3 года назад

Specifically it was tachyon eddies as tachyons are one of the few particles in Star Trek that naturally travel faster than light. The Bajoran solar ship's relatively low mass to surface area is what allowed them to accelerate to warp speed when they entered the eddy, though realistically, without inertial dampeners, Ben and Jake should have become smears of organic goo on the aft bulkheads from that kind of acceleration.

@yourhandleshouldbe 3 года назад

also in episode 2F09, when Itchy plays Scratchy's skeleton like a xylophone, he strikes the same rib in succession, yet he produces two clearly different tones

@bentoth9555 3 года назад

@@stdesy Had to look up the spelling. But the belt itself is mentioned so much in the show that I remembered what it was called.

@louise6878 4 месяца назад

i love these radiometers and ALSO those diy balloon barometers! as a kid, the balloon barometers really helped me understand that air pressure was related to weather and how weather systems and wind worked.