which caused a type of plant with three or more sets of chromosomes (if there are 4 it is tetraploid), so with these genomic components, this grass began to cultivate; This event is considered the basis of the Neolithic revolution, since it transformed the life of humanity.
Starting with the Neolithic revolution in the Near East, wheat began to be cultivated, becoming one of the staple foods. Most foods are made from wheat, it contributes between 10 and 20% of the daily caloric intake.
From its ground grains the flour is extracted. There are two types of flour: a) Type A or bread flour with three grades of quality (common or standard, fine and extra-fine), and; b) Type B or semolina (not bakery), which includes flour to make pasta and macaroni. The main destination of the flour is the manufacture of bread and to a lesser extent the manufacture of cakes, cookies and pasta (Bonjean & Angus, 2001).
Seedling Characteristics
Root
They usually reach more than a meter deep, most of them being located in the first 25 cm of soil.
The growth of the roots begins in the godson period, all of them being little branched. Root development is considered complete at the end of the "encañado".
In dry conditions, the density of the roots between 30-60 cm deep is greater, although in irrigated land the growth of the roots is greater since it corresponds to a greater development of the plants.
Stem
It is hollow (cane), with 6 knots. Its height and solidity determine its resistance to lodging.
Sheets
The leaves are cintiform, parallel veins and end in a point.
Inflorescence
It is a spike composed of a central stem of short internodes, called rachis, in each of whose nodes a spikelet sits, protected by two more or less coriaceous bracts or glumes, on both sides. Each spikelet has nine flowers, most of which abort, leaving two, three, four and sometimes even six flowers.
Flower
It consists of a pistil and three stamens. It is protected by two green bracts or glumillas, of which the outer one extends into an edge in bearded wheat.
Fruit
It is a caryopsis with the pericarp welded to the seminal integument. The endosperm contains the reserve substances, constituting the main mass of the grain. (Ruiz, 1981).
World wheat production 2012/13
European Union 131.82 million tons
China 118.0 million tons
India 93.9 million tons
United States 61.75 million tons
Russia 38.0 million tons
Canada 26.7 million tons
Pakistan 23.3 million tons
Australia 21.0 million tons
Turkey 15.5 million tons
Ukraine 15.5 million tons
Iran 14.0 million tons
Bibliography
Bonjean, A.P., and W.J. Angus (2001). The World Wheat Book: a history of wheat breeding. Lavoisier Publ., Paris. 1131 pages
Ruiz Camacho, Ruben (1981). Cultivation of Wheat and Barley. Agricultural Guidance Topics, Bogotá.
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13 апр 2022
