White passing in runaway slave ads 

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The sexual abuse enslaved women endured is just so mind blowing and heart shattering.

It's crazy how specific they were regarding color and who passes for what. It's psychotic.

This is fascinating and hits home. My mother is Mexican and family history has it that one of our ancestors was a runaway slave girl from Mississippi who was described as a “white Negro.” Her mother was an octoroon slave who was impregnated by her owner. The owner bred her to produce light-skinned slaves who were in demand to work in the house as butlers, valets, etc. The story is she ran away and blended in with white folk but was recognised and captured, returned to her owner, but eventually escaped and made it to Mexico, where she married a local man. This was pre-Civil War, probably 1830s. Of course, it’s all anecdotal family stories, no way to document anything 200 years later.

One thing to remember when discussing women passing for freedom was that most were desperate to escape the “fancy girl” trade. This was a separate slave trade from black slaves and was strictly for the purpose of sex trafficking light and white appearing mixed women and girls. The bulk of which were sold to New Orleans and Lexington KY into brothels. These girls were literally running for their lives.

As I watched this, I wondered how many of the runaway enslaved people that could "pass" were the children, grandchildren and relatives of the enslavers? It's just so weird and cruel. Those people, even if they passed, must have always lived with the fear of being discovered and enslaved again.

I had always questioned why my hair and that of my brothers grew out coarse and into Afros instead of being straight. Later on, through DNA and ancestry, I learned the truth. We descended from a group of people called Melungeons on my dad's side. They were made up of a mixture of European, African, Native American, Iberian, Turcic, and Jewish. I was looking at the 1850 census listing for my 3rd great-grandfather, and he had a slash in the color column. I looked it up and found that he was considered a 'white mulatto' with money. It was the same for his children in the 1860 census. I'm proud of my mixed heritage and think that most people are more mixed than they think. Great subject, and I truly enjoy your videos!

Reading "12 Years a Slave" helped me realize what passing for white really meant. If I recall correctly, the author saw a group of "White" people outside, but realized they were slaves based off their clothes. I then thought about people in my family who are 1/4 and 1/8 Black. People see them as White people, but 200 years ago they would have been slaves.

My DNA test showed an African ancestor on my Mom's side, much to my side. After years of searching, I think I 've narrowed my African ancestor to a g-g-g grandmother who we can find no information. Who know if she escaped or was emancipated. Great episode.

My cousin's grandfather was a light skin black man who could pass for white. He married a dark skin woman and produces light skin aunt who married my mother's uncle. She was fair skin, long straight black hair and blue eyes. White people never saw her as black but she was very offended when people would call her white. She was proud of her African heritage. She was born close to 1900 in Texas.

that’s why so many white southerners have some African dna and are shocked.,.

As a person with a passing Grandfather, this was never a secret.

Some of the Masters were the fathers of these children; they had with the Black mother.

I read a civil war diary and the author said there were slaves running around that looked more like the master than his own children

My father can pass for a white man, that's because he's Creole. I don't know how many times growing up when people saw me with him, they were confused and couldn't believe he was my father. What's hilarious is that all we had to do was tell them he's from Louisiana and they instantly understood lol.

Say it loud I’m black and I’m proud. I’m proud of my 52% African heritage 💯💯❤

It hasn’t stopped yet. In one of my extended family trees on Ancestry, some rando made a comment about how the photo associated with the person couldn’t be of the correct person since the census records showed that individual as “black” or “mulatto” depending on the census, and the person in the photo was “too white”. They clearly had no understanding of history or how racial categories were defined in the past.

The worst part is that the "master" was most often the runaway's father or some other relative, what a tragic betrayal.

The first time I learned about this was years ago. My history college professor showed us students a copy of the wanted poster of a runaway slave described as a 12-year-old boy with red hair, blues eyed with freckles.

What a wicked system. And the descendants of these people thieves will swear to no end that there is no institutional racism. Imagine the trauma. As a more European presenting biracial Black man, I can only imagine the trauma of escaping, running, hiding and having to leave the people you love to live among people who literally hated you. Trauma upon trauma.

Thank you. That was a fascinating look from a new perspective on my nation's madness over race. What jumped out at me, but passed unmentioned directly, was that many of these ads for "runaway slaves" must have been in actuality ads for runaway family members. Many of those "passing for white" people must have been the half siblings, children, or cousins of the people searching for them.

Also people who move to America from South America, think they are white until they come to America and are told they are not European Spaniards. People from those countries are in shock that America hasn't change with the racial categories

This video is very interesting! It reminds me of the story of Ellen and William Craft. They were an enslaved couple who lived in Georgia, and managed to escape from their bondage partly due to the fact that Ellen Craft was extremely fair-skinned; she could easily pass as a white woman. Her partner was dark-skinned, and the ingenious way they were able to escape was by Ellen racially passing as a white, male planter with, her partner, William posing as her personal servant. It’s a fascinating and compelling story.

My family are from the Caribbean and are a mixture of african, English and Scottish. Some of us look totally African, even the ones with European blood. Some, like myself, look mixed-race. Olive skinned, brown/blonde hair, green or blue, light coloured eyes. My son's first child, a girl, appears totally white. Pale skin with a few freckles, grey-green eyes, and blonde hair that became red as sge got older. Her mother is fully white. The person who filled out her birth certificate, listed her as white. Her father walked in and she changed it to black. My granddaughter is perceived as white by anyone who meets her. I told her to let them believe as they like, but to value both sides. She was born in 2007. So this is still happening.

People remember Roots but forget about the Second series called Queen it starred Hallie Berry as a black woman that passed for white. It also happened in my family history We thought our last name was made up because of it, but we actually ended up taking our grandmother's name. I hope to meet that side of my family one day

Try being raised in a black hood looking white but being Latino and black. The abuse from the other people living there, even some family is cruel and unending. Then try to do well in school, and it gets worse.

This is one of the best history channels. No politics, no ideology.....just history.

The plot of the Brazilian novel Isaura (and the famous telenovela of that of course) is about a similar case, a white looking mixed slave girl who suceed to escape.

Thank you so much for your research. This is info that a lot of African Americans already knew and had been talking about ... especially in the South.

Recommend looking into Elvis Presley, Abraham Lincoln and even Tom Hanks. They are very interesting case studies on the one drop rule. Great video

Again, another fascinating story! I and many of my Black co-workers were CERTAIN we had a co-worker who was “passing” in the 1980s in Columbus Ohio. We worked at a state agency and she had been there for about 25 years. Also, you should do a story about a group of people known as “Melungeons.” Not sure of the spelling. I think you would be fascinated by them.

It was the reason why the law was written so that said a person was categorized by the mother's position in society. Any craziness to preserve craziness.

Great video. My dad’s family is from Louisiana and passing was very common in the Creole community.

Sister you are looking absolutely gorgeous as usual. I love these pigtails. The earrings are to die for

I bet the slave masters responsible for some of those wanted posters were related to some of those runaways.

"Runaway slave" ads are also great resources for information about the clothes that enslaved and working-class people wore and had, since the ads always have a description of the clothes that the person "had on and took with" them. In the 1860s, there were several mixed-race children, who looked very "white", who were brought around the U.S. with abolitionists, on lecture tours, and whose photographs were sold as souvenirs. I wonder how effective they were at changing people's attitudes towards, and opinions of, black people and the institutions of slavery?

As a person who has mixed ancestry of French, Creole, native american, and of course, African this is not a new thing. My family on my mother and father side are both from Louisiana where there was a lot of mixing. I have relatives who can "pass" for white, now and back then also . This topic has been a part of the culture in Louisiana for hundreds of years and is a very sensitive topic thay only those who have experienced it can understand. This has caused much separation and hurt in families throughout generations, way before this " new information " on this platform was brought up. So to some who didnt have to endure issues like this throughout family history, its simply a topic to discuss. But to others whose family has dealt with issues like this actually know the impact that discussions like can bring about. The jim crow south, 1 drop rule, etc were all evil agendas to cause harm to the African American community which made those who could have a better life if they could pass for white try to do so, even if that meant leaving their families.

Passing for white was more common than people think. When I was in HS, my parents told me another family was passing. They never named them but were sure of it.

The reason they labeled that person a runaway slave is because people will pay attention to that way more than a runaway bride or teenager in those days. That's also a prejudice that we today have that only black people were slaves. NO, every color of us were slaves.

Out of 16,443 matches on my Ancestry account, NEARLY all of my AA matches are mixed. ALL. I can't wait until we can all just be. Be what? Human. Thank you for sharing.

It's funny that some people don't know this. My great grandfather was the son of a slave and the owner. Plus my great great grandmother the slave was already half white. I literally knew my great grandfather he died when I was 18. I can name the slave and the owner in my family.

My family surname is Sweat. One of the Sweat brothers and his wife (my great-great-great grandparents) left Robeson County, NC and ended up hiding in the swamps of Goose Creek, SC. He became a part of the "Brass Ankle" community that was a blend of Irish, Black, and a small percentage of Native American. The siblings in Robinson County eventually became the Lumbees. The ones that passed for White left the communities and started a new life.

The "close examination" might be their speech, whether they could read, and perhaps knowledge of current events.

I did dna test and found some west and East African ancestry along with Mororocan, Iranian Ashkenazi and small amounts Melanesian ancestry, for the most part though I’m Chiapas native and Spanish. Funny thing is I found some Iranian cousins on 23&me.

Very interesting topic! I found the ad descriptions unique. I did a DNA ancestry test and was suprised to discover Scottish ancestry showing as more dominant than other Europeoan groups in my DNA. My Dad is a Black man who was born with bright red hair and freckleS. Red hair grows on my arms and legs...what's even more interesting is that even though we ALL have a mixture of different ethnic DNA, we live in a world that is so divided because of one's outward appearance and the ideals associated with one's skin appearance...

Hi! I learned about this topic in my college American history course. I was puzzled and shocked by everything associated with slavery. Your video raises important social science issues and eloquently highlights the inherent evil of rigidly classifying people. Thanks!

My great grandmother was white passing. She was biracial Irish and black but she had light skin and full red hair. Raised catholic. You wouldn't know she was half back. Those genes are still strong on my family including me lol

I was JUST reading through runaway slave adverts from the mid 1700s through the end of the civil war from eastern and central North Carolina. UNC Greensboro has an extensive online database of these various newspaper ads offering rewards for the return or capture of runaway slaves. It is absolutely fascinating and devastating to read. Especially because the ads often include a message to captains of various vessels, warning them that charges will be brought against them if they are found to have assisted in the fleeing of these slaves, even if they did so unknowingly. It’s such an interesting and important bit of history, and an incredible window into American history if you’re interested in Black American history or the history of chattel slavery. Thank you so much for covering this interesting topic! 🤗

It makes you wonder how they could describe someone that looks white and yet still justify owning them. It's truly mind boggling. Also, how did the owners/white men justify having inter-course with someone supposedly lower than their animals. A man cannot breed with a dog or monkey, only another human being. They knew full well what they were doing was wrong. Otherwise, why justify it. After visiting my husbands Nigerian family, I've noticed how much lighter the average Black American is. I am mixed and my husband honestly thought I was white. My skin color is lighter than some white people's. In group pictures, I blend in. However, I couldn't have passed for white as my hair is very curly unless I straighten it or wear a wig. Honestly, it doesn't take much to produce a white looking child. My best friend is half white and half black, her husband is white. She somehow got beautiful hair that is loosely curled, but she is quite dark skinned. Her daughter and son both look completely white. They have wavy light brown hair despite being a quarter black. Also, I would think the lighter skinned slaves would be more desirable. Which makes me wonder how anyone whose ancestors have long been in America could join an alt-white group. Not that every white person has some black in them, but I bet a good chunk of Americans do. No way would a colored person who could pass for white stick around as a slave or give up the rights white people had during the Jim Crow era. Passing white was the safest route to go. Heck, even today, being white is better. I'm selling our house next spring. Before I get it appraised, I will remove any picture that shows me or my husband. I will then straighten my hair so I can pass as white in order to get a more honest appraisal. Being black will almost always get you a lower number. Whether it's conscious rascim (& it often is) vs an unconscious bias, it is the norm for black people to be given higher interest rates, told their house is worth a large amount less than their white counterpart, told they have to pay more. This was also an issue when I did opera and theater. I was at a performance school when the instructor explained that I needed to straighten my hair or wear wigs. Mind you, I have spiral curls, so it wasn't like I had an afro. But it was enough to get me type-cast as maid or chorus. At first I was offended, but the next year when I auditioned for things, I took his advice. Suddenly, I got actual leads and supporting roles. It was amazing the difference a wig made. I have never auditioned with my natural hair since. White people simply cannot understand this is part of what white privilege is. They cannot understand how the color of their skin provides them with easier entrance and better deals than those of color. They also have no clue how many of us still try to pass as white because of this.

My Grandfather was able to go through white towns as a white passing man. To buy from the stores.

I asked a sweet girl in high-school, Who is black in your family lineage. She looked at me odd and said 'Nobody." We were in a group and someone said, Well I don't think thats true." The next day she comes back to school and asks us how did we know? She didn't know her great great grandfather on her father's side. We said, we see us in you.

I think other issues that existed when enslaved people passed were the fact that owners wished to continue to own people. They had to try to imbue the one drop rule with an almost mystical power to confer “difference” so they could maintain that social order which gave them such incredible economic benefits. But also think of the danger any poor white might have of being abducted and sold south… if slaves look white then might not some so called whites actually be slaves? This fear was actually used by abolitionists. This idea of the malleability of race works on both sides

Glad to have found you Ms Lady...The information is so worthy. Thank you😎

Most interesting. This is definitely a demonstration of the "one-drop rule" in action.

This subject is so fascinating and I am very grateful to you Danielle for bringing this out. This is a lesson for Society that should be appreciated. I love this truth that was not acceptable and I have no lesser thought of mixed races. Thank God I was able to teach my Son he is part of my race and part of his Dad’s race and for me it was just common sense. There were (2) of us and - both of us contributed.

Tainted or blessed with African melanin? Melanin is 😊 great. It’s a complete human being. It’s the kiss on an ice-cream Sundae.

This is really good - thank you. Enjoy your analytical research very much. 🙏🏾

This is all tied to the idea of one drop… and the notion of your mother was a slave you were a slave. This is why chattel slavery is/was a freaking different beast than “slavery”

Most often these victims where their children!!!! These criminals enslaved their children for profit!!

There are so many storie's to be shared Thanks D !!!

Very good and insightful scholarship here! This is one of best channels on RU-vid. Well done!

There are and have always been light skinned light eyed blacks, I have at least 10 in my immediate family, and no one is a mulatto or mixed race person. My nephew has twins that are two different skin colors one being white skinned with gray eyes the brown skinned with brown eyes. Black people tend to naturally come in a myriad of colors… Im surprised that that fact isn’t more widely known

Speaking about state classification of a person's ethnicity, there are still several states that automatically put down an ethnicity on a birth certificate for a baby. For example, my daughter was born in Mississippi in 2008, I don't recall mentioning anything about our ethnicity to the staff (I'm mixed, in simple terms Black on my mom's side and White on my father's) yet when I received my daughter's birth certificate in the mail they automatically classified her as Black. Period. Nothing else. What's interesting is that I was born in the very early 80s in Washington state, and my birth certificate doesn't state my ethnicity, nor the ethnicity of either of my parents. My mom was born in Northern California in the early 60s and her birth certificate states Black as her and her parents ethnicities. I'm not sure what my father's says because we're not close. But I find it incredibly interesting that depending on when and where a person is born, they may or may not have an ethnicity listed on their birth certificate. This is something my mom and I have discussed at length.

Thank you for this valuable historical information! 👍🏽👍🏽🙏🏽💯💯

Great video. I’m thankful for your channel.

These stories highlight inconsistencies of these arbitrary classifications. Keep 'em coming. Thank you! ❤

Mariah Carey is a MIXED Black woman (entertainer) who some white folks would have to give a GOOD LOOK AT to see that she is NOT A WHITE WOMAN, nor does she present herself as such a person. When I first saw her singing a song on a TV show, I also did not recognize her as being Black until I observed her more closely. The same thing with Jennifer Beal's (Actress) when I saw her in the Movie "FLASH DANCE" I thought she might have been white because I did not see her in person. However, when I saw her on the U-TUBE movie titled "A HOUSE DIVIDED" when she played a mixed race lady whose wealthy white father left her an inheritance of$500K nearly 200 years ago shortly after slavery was abolished. Her "PATERNAL" white racist family members fought her in court saying that her father would not leave all of his property to a Negra (Black Woman) She eventually won the court battle for an amount of money that would be worth a present day value of more than $25 MILLION USD (Based on a true story). The movie is FREE to watch right here on U-TUBE by typing in "A House Divided/ Movie" in the SEARCH area...Very good entertaining movie for those who are sociologically inclined and interested. 💯🙏✊✔

Thank you for sharing. Besides being very informative and thought provoking, it’s a calm conversation about some very ugly and charging truths within our history that lead to our present.

Thank you for your contribution to the complicated but interesting history of the America’s/united states 👍🏾

This video begs the question of how they became mulattos or white-passing. The people you mention were most likely the product of rape or other coerced sexual relationships. There are documented stories of inter-generational rape of black women by the slave master and their white "legitimate" progeny. In those times that's how black became mulatto, and so on, until a child was born that could pass for white. If this were not true, how could a "white" person be born into slavery or be enslaved in the United States of America?

During slavery I'd have been enslaved without question, even though I appear white. 25 percent of my DNA is of West African origin (mainly from Nigeria and Benin). I was born with blonde hair and blue eyes. God knows what would have happened to me. Nowadays both black and white people disregard my heritage entirely oddly enough, because of how I look.

My family father's side history traces back to my forefather, a black slave. He fell in love with a white indentured servant who was an Irish woman, and she became pregnant. Unfortunately, he was banished back to Barbados, where he later passed away. Tragically, she also died in childbirth. The slave owner, who had no children of their own, adopted him. They ventured to the United States as colonizers, raising him as their own child. The slave owner's wife granted him freedom and bequeathed him their lands, which were inherited by him and his heirs. Over time, he married into other mixed families, progressively joining whiter families. Today, our bloodline has transformed, and it's hard to discern our original lineage. Without the documents and court records detailing attempts by others to claim my forefather's lands and reveal his true lineage, I might never have learned about them.

'A fiction of law. A custome'- Mark Twain. Excellent. Good to know someone knows ow CRAZY racism is. Thank you for this detailed information. So much in total to digest. Soneones done a very good job at keeping this type of information under wraps. You just cracking the lid.. kinda sad. Peace

This one of my favourite pieces of work! ❤❤ AMAZING! This means all the ideas of race wrong.

What a fascinating and informative video. A very worthwhile watch.

Great video again as always ❤❤❤

Very well done. Love the hard questions.

Apparently in some jurisdictions if a person was thought to have black blood the solution was to undress and be examined to see if any patch of skin near the small of the spine had color. So sad to need to undress to prove yourself.

I submitted a question to ancestry’s RU-vid channel about this very topic; which was subsequently answered by Nicka Smith. I have an ancestor who was listed as white in an 1870 census only to be listed as mulatto in 1880. I was told the enumerator instructions varied, as well as the census taker; being US marshals in 1870 and an actual census bureau in 1880. Great video✨

I am a huuuugggeee fan of your scholarly work!.. A suggestion: write a damn book. It would be a hit!…

Thank you for this. Louisiana born and raised. FACTS!

NYTN, what can I say? GREAT topic choice and very insightful.

i love this. and it's a question i've been grappling with a lot recently. does race even really exist? if so, what is it? by my understanding, it is mostly a legal and social distinction. it can indicate a set of features and ancestral origin, but that seems to be where it ends...

It shows how FAST societies can change and it’s scary. It can happen anytime in any society based on other things too.

I saw a documentary a couple years ago where that centered around this town where there were a handful of elderly individuals, who very much appeared to be of Caucasian descent, that claimed to be black. A couple even produced birth certificates that indicated they were, in fact, “black”. I wish I could recall the name of it. Humanity is baffling.

In Louisiana Kourvini Creole it's called, Passe Blanc, those that are able or others that choose to pass as white. For some it was done for economic mobility, while others utlized their ability to pass in the name of civil rights and to gain access to rooms. There were terms that may help that were developed prior to the U.S. codes, instilled by the Spanish when they had Louisiana, known as the Spanish Caste System, it breaks it down in detail. When one discuss this, it would also be important note much of the classifications which lead to laws for regulations can be compared to that of Portuguese laws which they also settled temporarily in North Louisiana and mostly known Brasil. In Brasil, one drop of whiteness makes an African White, since so many wanted to claim such and many did, as time persisted, colorism was given more of he bases to solidify ones claim in law for such privileges. In Louisiana, before the U.S. laws settled in, ones could purchase their way out of indentured servitude via renting services on Sunday in French or Spanish Law, which made things complicated as U.S. laws took effect in traditional application towards slaves of known African descent.. I hope that helps.

Thank you. A lot of the terms the colonists were based on a strategic sociopolitical propaganda construct. We were known as Indians or west Indians, [Paratee are one of my lineages or "tribes" ] on our island in the Caribbean as well as others. Walter Ashby Plecker , Racial Integrity Act 1924, wiping out any existing evidence of American aborigines off and out of memory. A struggle still felt today by many of us. Also even my Yoruba side, they don't use black as an identity. Only as a result of the spreading of Westernization forced ideological rubbish has others globally accepted the derogatory term, not only accepted with ignorance by my community, but widely accepted. Christian Black Codes 1724, Moors Sundry Act of 1790 and more. Also, white was for anybody of higher sociopolitical status and of course religious too, regardless of pigmentation. God being associated with whiteness, purity , completion and so forth. There were very darkskinned Swarthy Europeans who were classified as white. They had no concept of color in terms of racial identity. Today white is more of a connotative word as well as black . Nothing but sociopolitical constructs. The playing on words and how it shapes a false perception of reality is an act of war. When possible check out a brother named Kurimeo Ahau's channel. Very powerful and mind blowing information about what you have covered and the theme of your channel. Peace

Good vid...Subscribed!

Nice episode.

think of it in terms of ethnicity instead of race

did you see the movie passing? ? Laws prohibiting miscegenation in the United States date back as early as 1661 and were common in many states until 1967. That year, the Supreme Court ruled on the issue in Loving v. Virginia, concluding that Virginia's miscegenation laws were unconstitutional. (so even being mixed race was a crime, so they had no choice but to claim one or the other) Jim Crow law United States [1877-1954] which made it harder to claim what you were (mixed race)

I'm from southeastern Louisiana, many of us have relatives that are still passing in other states.

VERY INFORMATIVE CHANNEL

My great father looked like he was an Italian!

Yep my grand aunts used to do it for laughs in Alabama.. They would literally walk into a bank or another establishment and dare anyone to say something. No one would say anything because if you accuse a white person of being Black there were repercussions😂 One of my uncles had to change his race on his birth certificate. He was written as white but in adulthood he changed it to Black

My 3rd great grandfather born in the 1800's was mulatoo, it was said he often passed. One day I walked into my 96 year old great grandmother's living room & saw a picture of this black and white photo of a white man. I said "Madea who is this picture of this white man." She said "That's my grandaddy Berry." I had already been familiar with him through ancestry but, finally I had a face to match the name. He was whiter than a white man himself but, you could see his black features. He must have been a rolling stone as well because he had several other kids in the same small county in Arkansas. 😅

I'm so glad you made this video. This is lost and distorted history you are bringing to light.

This is insane. And it’s our history. Yikes

I'm the 5th generation from a "mullatoe" runaway indentured slave my gggg grandfather who resided in Edgecombe NC. A similar ad was placed and he was eventually returned to the plantation. On the marriage certificate he and my gggg grandmother were listed as " colored". Because of the area in which they lived , an area where there were historically Tuscaroras and Chowanoake Indians, we believe and the word of mouth family history is that they were Indian. On the census from 1820 to 1868 most of the neighbors are recorded as black, or mullatoe with a few white families. We've done our best to trace ancestry beyond his family , but its a road block. The only photo that we have is his daughter who looks indian, but still could be black. I'm white but with ash blonde very thick straight coarse hair with black hair intermi gled.My family also has the shovel curved teeth that the Indians have. We're all just differing levels of melatonin and all bleed red. Thank you for your videos..absolutely love them. 🙂

I’m mixed and you know that whole thing about “men think about the Roman Empire all the time.”, well I think about THIS all the time. How I would have been treated, what life would have been like for someone like me, what my children’s life would have been like,and what they would have to endure, how much I could have protected them, whether they would be considered as “passing” and maybe be separated from me. It’s horrifying. I can’t imagine I’m the only poc who has nightmares about that often.