Why 10mm Auto Was a Total Disaster for the FBI 

I've lost every 10mm socket I've had, I can't imagine how many 10mm pistols I'd lose

I always wondered how Glock was able to come out with a .40 pistol at the same time as S&W. To hear that Gaston himself actually sticky-fingered a few .40 cartridges at S&W's own SHOT Show booth is one of the funniest things I've heard in a long time.

This is my story about the S&W 10mm pistols. I started my LE career in January 1990. By spring of that year, our captain over training had convinced our chief and the city council that we needed to trade in our revolvers for semi-autos. The captain (a FBI Academy graduate) convinced them there was only one gun and caliber, the S&W in 10mm Auto "subsonic load". We had adopted the S&W 1006 by mid-summer. At least a third jammed regularly, mine included. My 1006 would fail to extract the spent case about every third round. I rarely made it through a magazine without 2 or 3 failures to extract. It was so bad I carried a S&W 3913 in an ankle holster for backup. I complained to the dept. armorer. He replaced the extracter. Jammed. He polished the chamber. Jammed. I told him i think the springs are too heavy for the light loads we fired. He disagreed. We argued. Guns continued to jam. I said it was the springs. We argued more. I gave up arguing. Then, about 1 1/2 - 2 years after we were issued the pistols, the armorer switched the springs out to lighter ones. What do you know? The guns stopped jamming. I told the armorer, "I told you so." He ignored me. I never did get an acknowledgment or apology from him...

Mr Glock secretly pocketing some S&W cartridges from the convention is absolutely hilarious.

It still bugs me that the lesson the FBI took away from Miami-Dade was, "We had a half dozen agents mag dump their guns on two targets less than 7 yards away, and the number of shots they hit can be counted on one hand? Clearly, we need guns with more bullets in them! Tighten our firearms training? Pshaw! More bullets in gun!"

The animation of Glaston Glock swiping the ammunition 🤣

I had a shooting buddy that purchased one of new S&W's late 1980 era 9MM autos. I was with him on the first trip to the range. We both noted that in its workmanship on finish of parts like the slide, the edges were so sharp you could almost shave with them, they didn't break the sharp corners like you would expect. He loaded the magazine, aimed it down range, pulled the trigger, and it emptied the magazine in a full auto display. He was a good marksman and maintained control and aim point during the second it took to empty the mag. Of course both of us said, "Cool!", but he packed it up, returned it to our gun shop, told our friend behind the counter what happened and said he wanted his money back, which they did. This was in the beginning of the ATF era of if you had any firearm that fired more than one round with one trigger pull for any reason, even if it was an ammo problem, or a firearm problem, you would be considered in possession of a full auto weapon and subject to the penalties of law. As far as I know, that is still the way it is. In one BATFE case many years ago as reported in American Rifleman magazine, the ATF was found complicit in falsifying evidence by loading test .223 ammo with the primers high, to show in a demonstration that the weapon was firing full auto, and was modified as such, even though it was a legally owned, commercially manufactured, and a properly operating unmodified AR15, charging the owner with possession of a machine gun. The story all started when his wife at the time, had called the ATF telling them her husband had a full auto AR, as revenge in divorce proceedings. Maybe the ATF wanted to save face and fake the evidence, but the ATF lost that one when defense lawyers got to the bottom of the ammo the ATF used. The judge admonished the ATF for such a corrupt practice. Of course, no one in the agency was every found guilty of trying to screw that fellow over.

FBI in 1986: hmmm we know we're dealing with 2 dangerous suspects armed with long guns....yeah we can wing it up our revolvers

Glock's marketing strategy was a straight copy of Apple Computer at the time. Apple offered IIC and IIE computers to school districts at below wholesale, basically considering those sales as part of their marketing budget.

FBI in the 80's: Aggressively recruits college grads with degrees in accounting and math. FBI Shooting Stats: 15% accuracy. FBI Conclusions: Its the guns and ammo that are the problem

6:34 The fact that a brand new Glock $17 gen 5 costs ~$540 is actually not that bad when you consider that $560 in 1986 is the same as $1,549.74 in July 2024. I understand that it was a brand new and revolutionary design back then, but for Glock to keep the 17 basically the same price for almost 40 years is kinda cool, and I say this as someone who loves his PSA Dagger that was bought instead of a Glock.

What a well made mini doc. Some of this Glock VS s&w stuff would make a fun exaggerated biopic

Manny's finger aggressively on the trigger the entire time is such a great little detail. Also love the short circuit at the end there. Great stuff.

Along with Gaston Glock, Sonny Crockett should get some credit for keeping 10mm in production during the 80's and 90s.

Props for a very well produced and professionally presented documentary piece! I'm a retired LEO Firearms Trainer, and shortly after the Miami FBI shootout, was sent a copy of the FBI training film of the Miami shootout by an Ex-LAPD officer in the Federal agency. Great job!

The trigger discipline in that ending promo. Too good😂😂😂

I discovered the 10mm this year and it's a new favorite of mine. I think Paul Harrell's video on the 1986 Miami shootout is a good analysis of what the FBI did wrong.

But a Godsend for Alaska.

I could watch 10 hours of content like this a day. Please keep making historical videos like this.

It's crazy how 9mm has remained the most practical handgun cartridge since the 1930s

The balls of Glock to steal the .40 and then sue S&W for making their own polymer pistol. 😄

What a lot of Miami Vice fans don't realize is that Don Johnson didn't carry a 1911 .45 but he actually carried a Bren 10 for the first two seasons. Then, upon the demise of Bren 10, the producers didn't want to feature a weapon that was no longer available so, they went to his shiny Smith.

they blamed the gun instead of shit tactics and dumbass "agents" in the Dadeland shootout

I went to a training regimen at the FBI academy in 1998. John Hall was my legal instructor, and he was brilliant. We never discussed the 10mm but had a lot of conversations about other firearms-related issues (policies, gun types, etc.). He was very approachable when he knew you were serious about the subject.

Been huge fan of 10mm for at least 10 years. People are always saying "but its over $2 a shot", but current prices are almost equivalent to 45acp now. The only real issue with 10mm is its not as good suppressed being supersonic. Laugh how you want but i have a 10mm HiPoint pistol for bear protection when camping because i dont care if it gets beaten up. Built a 10mm PCC i love. My Colt Delta Elite is my pride and joy. My only 10mm i dont like is my S&W 610 revolver, way too big and heavy, tall bore axis, 6 rounds requiring moon clips, heavy DA trigger. the Delta Elite blows it away in ever category and just as accurate

"Plastic puppy popper" Holy shit i am losing it lmao 🤣🤣

Manny cameo in full 80s black tactical gear with the sunglasses made my day 😎

I started my LE career right after the FBI Miami shootout and was less than totally confident in the Beretta 92F loaded with 1st Gen Silvertips that I began my police career with. The gun was fine, but I wasn't sold on 9mm performance. When the 10mm came out I purchased and carried a S&W 1006 as my duty pistol from 1990-1996, but sneered at the FBI Lite loads. I carried full house (mostly Cor-Bon 135 gr) loads. Loved the cartridge, but the pistol would break parts and fail every few thousand rounds. When I sent it back to Smith to be re-built for the 3rd time I decided it was never going back in my holster, so I swapped to an "ugly as a bag of a**holes" G22, but at least the ugly thing worked and didn't destroy itself. Once 9mm duty ammo reached a point where there wasn't a hair's difference in performance with 40, 45, or 357 I swapped to a G17 and carried that until retirement in 2017. Chris is spot on with my recollection of the history, although he failed to mention that Sonny Crockett carried a Bren 10 in the first few seasons of Miami Vice.

He is a wise man who does not grieve for the things which he has not, but rejoices for those which he has.

15:34 So it was Manny Mansfield not seeing Glock stealing some .40 S&W at his 990s Shot Show booth. This Manny Multiverse is getting awesome.

This is by far the best synopsis/ explanation for the 10mm being replaced by the 40s&w. at the time. Well done.

I met John Hall in the summer of 1989 when he gave a lecture on the 10mm at the Jackson, MS Police Academy. Another guy and I drove 3 hours to be there. He was carrying a Colt Delta Elite. The Chief from Pelahatchie PD was there and he was carrying Glock and asked Hall if they had considered it. Hall said they hadn't. That was the first time I had ever seen a Police Officer with a Glock and he was the first Police Officer I had seen in uniform with a beard. That was a long time ago.

"How dare the filthy plebs have better guns than we have.", said every LEO, everywhere, every day.

By the time the centimeter round had been developed, AE was already making and marketing the .41 Action Express, which could be fired out of a 9mm with a simple barrel swap, as such it was pretty self evident that a shorter .400 or .414 caliber cartridge could be made to work in a standard 9mm frame.

there are other retired agents who could probably add more details, but a couple of points: 1 - the Sig 226 was the 9mm handed out to almost everyone after the 10mm recall in 1991. the 228 was slowly brought in for those with small hands who found the 226 too big. 2 - another factor in keeping the S&W 10 was the distribution of H&K 10mm MP5 to SWAT teams. there was a desire to have a single cartridge. 3 - at the same time, the higher cost of the 10mm rounds was a factor. I loved my 10 and kept it until the very end. i kept avoiding the PFI so he couldn’t force me to exchange it for the Glock. Maybe up until 2000/2001.

This is without doubt the best explanation of the FBI’s decision regarding the 10mm cartridge and the Smith & Wesson 1076 pistol. I watched the video expecting to offer corrections having personal experience in the matter. The only thing I can add is that the 10mm HK MP5 remained in service with the FBI until approximately 2017. So the 10mm cartridge was in active service with the FBI until then.

1 minute in and you're telling me the FBI was less than truthful. I'm SHOCKED 😂

Ahh, the 10mm...Alaska's official state cartridge. It adorns the most chest holsters up here. :)

Was not expecting that ending,it was great!

I worked for a police dept from '98 to 2011 and we were issued the 1076 10 mm as a sevice weapon for most of that time. It was nicknamed the "boat anchor". The dept finally switched to the .45 s&w m&p.

This whole story reminds me of the tale of the .41 magnum back when cops carried revolvers. They loaded full magnum hunting loads and a sort of “.41 special” level load intended for police use. But departments bought Model 58’s and issued the full power stuff. No surprise that cops who’d carried Model 10’s in .38 suddenly couldn’t qualify with full .41 magnums, and the N-frame was a lot of gun to carry all day.

Yay Chris!!!! I was hoping we hadn’t lost you.

The quality of your video editing continues to far outpace your peers. Music was especially well done in this one. One of your best videos yet. Congrats to everyone who made it happen. Keep it up 😎

I was a local cop for ten years (carrying first an S.&W .38 88-91 and then a 92F 9mm 91-98), and then a DEA Agent for twenty-two years (1998-2019), issued a Glock 22 (.40). I think it is quite accurate that many FBI agents, particular trainees, probably struggled to qualify with a 10mm pistol. I observed many women, and even some men with smaller hands, have more trouble qualifying (at least first time shooters) with the Glock 22 and it's moderately large grip. When DEA returned to Glock 17s, a lot more accuracy resulted and a lot more agent trainees were no longer struggling to qualify. I always loved the G22 personally, but when you've got 3,000 people carrying them, you've got to realize there's going to be a non-negligible percentage with small hands who may struggle with accuracy and control with a larger gripped and "snappier" sidearm. I can't imagine how many more agent trainees would have failed in training if DEA had followed the FBI's 10mm move.

The disaster of the FBI regarding the 10mm was complicated and drawn out. One was the adoption of a hunting level cartridge as a general purpose law enforcement tool. Over a period of time and mental gymnastics, the .40 S&W appeared and would have been marvelous. Here begins the two fold disaster of the FBI. 1. By decision to honor political correctness instead of reality, the FBI lowered the requirements to qualify as an agent. 2. The FBI dropped the 10mm/.40 S&W option and reverted to the '...just shoot a lot...' doctrine of the 9x19mm. .

This is an incredible amount of research on a subject usually summed up and repeated in a sentence or two of gun culture mythology. Thanks for all your work!

Colt Delta Elite was a dream gun for me for many years back in the day. Now I have a RIA double stack (beast of a gun) and an M&P. I do like the cartridge.

This is a freaking documentary. Not just on the 10mm, but a way-above-the bar production for semi-auto cartridge reviews.

"Let's make a powerful round!" "Yeah" "It's too powerful, let's reduce its power" "Yeah" "Remind me why we made this round in the first place ?" "Um....."

I've been very interested in 10mm for about 20 years and this is, by far, the best information I've heard so far! Well done, Sir!

The only guy I ever seen handle a 10mm really good was a Miami Vice cop Sonny Crockett. Back in the 80's. He could handle the recoil like I've never seen. His Bren Ten never moved in his hand.

As a teenager in the 1980's ... we all knew about the 10mm and the Bren Ten ... due to Miami Vice and "Sonny Crocket".

This is way more informative than the usual "FBI didn't like 10mm so we now have .40S&W" tales.

Worth the view, one of the few videos on RU-vid that I could watch the entire video without playing above normal speed. Great info and entertaining, thanks.

It makes me feel my age when I hear all of those familiar names and remember being involved in the selection of a semi-auto for my department when our Sheriff finally gave up his "You'll never carry semi-autos" stand. Good video!

This Lucky Gunner video is the best explanation of the FBI's 10mm I've seen since FBI adopted the 10mm. 10mm 180gr and .45 ACP 230gr have the same sectional density. The FBI's reduced velocity 10mm 180gr was about 100 fps faster than .45 ACP 230gr, so, in the context of sectional density, the FBI's reduced velocity 10mm 180gr load was, in essence, a souped-up .45 ACP 230gr load.

The 10mm / .40 "Commercial" at the end was straight fire. It should honestly be uploaded as a separate RU-vid short if at all possible, with a link to the main video. That sort of thing could honestly go viral.

Excellent RU-vid Mr. Lucky. Shot placement is everything in a gun fight. I was trained by the best at LA County Sheriff in '72 using a S&W Model 15 .38+p. With only 6 to use you made sure you were more than decent at hitting things inside 25 yards. They went with the .38+p for the very good reason. In an urban environment of millions the department did not want the bad press of overshooting the target by spraying .357s all over the place. Then came the late 70s and early 80s. More women and smaller stature people were getting hired, as well as the politics of cops in a new kinder-gentler trendy society. 9mm was always around but not popular because the ballistics and stopping performance just never measured up. The bullet makers went to the drawing board and came back with better ammo. Then came GLOCK. Voila! The bean counters in the city/ county police accounting department got their dream of giving the cops something at a cheap enough price they could get a promotion and a pay raise. The newer generation of cop managers in the mid 80s were allowed to get away with diverting some training dollars, time and accuracy by qualifying their troops by hitting the "bottle" was good enough. That pesky 10 ring stuff and 290 out of 300 scoring was too tough get to. And to pay for. Now they simply emptied 15 rounds down range, hoped for the best and reloaded. 9mm was pretty cheap stuff to buy by the caseload. And so, propaganda aside, we arrive at todays choice of gun and bullets. The 10mm, .45, 40 and all that simply proves that a handgun is a weak sister to a rifle or shotgun when it comes to stopping mammals. The tradeoff is always shooters ability "under fire," not the bullet. I don't want to be shot by any of them. If you want to kill someone simply pepper him/her/ non binary it with .22LR ammunition. 10-20 minutes later it will fall over dead from bleeding out internally. The nightmare of any ER doctor. The FBI case (and equally the Calif. Highway Patrol Newhall incident) is something that could and does happen on any day and anyplace in humandom. It is not the weapon, bullet weight or feet per second speed. It is the shooters luck and ability to prevail. Which is to say ground into dust automatic reaction training and a mental ability to power through fear of dying, all while accurately placing shots like a Boston Dynamics dog. That grasshopper is your law enforcement challenge should you choose to accept it. Many times cops are having it out with people who don't care if they die, they only want you to go first. IMHO 10mm is like a 454 or 44MAG. Great for bear hunting. You'll need it. Just be prepared to be deaf, dumb and blind after the first round or two in a real (not earmuffed daytime at the range) situation.

The retro ad at the end is hilarious, just a cherry on top of an excellent video.

The best and most comprehensive history of the guns of this period in the FBI I have ever seen. I also read through all of your replies to the comments. The information in those replies really added details and interesting facts that were not in the video. Thanks for a terrific lesson!

We absolutely love these blast from the past documentaries. Especially the way you put them together. Keep it up.

Y'all laugh at the Mini-14, but the aggressive use of one caused all of this...😂

God Speed Paul thank for the memories. Semper Fi.

This is probably the most accurate video I've seen regarding the history of the 10mm and the development of the .40S&W. You have no idea how many videos i watch or stories I read that were incorrect. I was hesitant at warching this, thinking it would be just as inaccurate. It isn't. Well done, sir. Well done.

In the late 80s the FBI that said the Glock was a bad idea because it was not safe enough. In the late 90s they issued them. Same Glock, different people behind the same desks. They may have had a point. NYPD's UID rate with their 11lb trigger is about 15%. The DOJ's (FBI, ATF, USM, DEA) with their 5.5lb triggers is about 30%. That's over a five- year period with about the same number of armed people (35,000).

I think a big reason was that most small frame and female agents could not handle recoil. To be blunt.

That ending was PERFECT. Manny's Baldwinian levels of trigger discipline (and muzzle sweeping the camera) got a good chuckle.

You gotta make more of these documentaries. They’re so well done. (Keith Elmer video when?)

Wow! I had no idea you not only had a YT, but a dang successful channel with absolute banger content! So glad I found you guys!

It's nice to see a 40/10mm video that isn't filled with 10mm snobbery or macho garbage. Being a fan of both 40 and 10mm its nice to learn more about them due to both rounds having a very interesting history.

Some .40 caliber info. When Aberdeen Proving Ground tested all available .40 S&W semi autos (made in the USA) for the USBP / INS contract there were indeed some surprises. All three Glock 22s and three Glock 23s catastrophically failed between 6,000 and 8,000 rounds. Glock added locking block pins in later models, which cured the problem, but didn’t participate the 2nd and 3rd years of testing. The best and final offer 3rd year tests were very interesting when considering the results of the reliability / durability tests and the ammunition compatibility tests. They were as follows: Reliability / Durability 10,000 round test with three sample weapons tested. - Smith and Wesson 4006 = 1500 malfunctions average - H-K USP 40 = 115 malfunctions average - Sig Sauer P229 = 29 malfunctions average - Beretta 96D Brigadier = 4 malfunctions average Ammunition Compatibility Tests of all available .40 Ammunition (Test was firing three full magazines of each type without a malfunction.) - All weapon samples failed except the Beretta 96D Brigadier! The other tests were: - Accuracy tests - Sand and dust tests - Corrosion tests - Drop tests - Plugged barrel tests - Parts interchangeability tests - High temperature tests (140F) - Low temperature tests (-40F) Been a while, but I think that is it.

Playing trap music when Glock shows up is fucking hilarious. Good doc!

Great history lesson. It’s a good thing for Smith & Wesson that Glock never got into revolver manufacturing. After all the testing and controversy between the 10MM and the .40 S&W, a cartridge developed in 1901 by Georg Luger, is the most widely carried cartridge in the world. What could Mr. Luger have developed in a 10MM? He already had a .45 ACP Luger pistol for US Army testing. Interesting “what if”.

Ive streamlined my handgun calibers over the years. Only ones i keep now are ones i see use for in my personal and daily life, based on where i live and what I'll bump into. .22 LR, 380 acp, 9mm luger, 40 S&W, 45 acp, .38 special, and 357 magnum are all i keep for handguns anymore. I have a 20 and 12 gauge for shotguns, and .22 LR, 9mm, 45 acp, 5.56, 7.62x39, 270 Winchester, and 30-30 Winchester for rifles/carbines. Thats it, thats enough for me. No need for 10mm in my life personally. I actually love my 40 S&W well enough. Still performs extremely well. One of my carry guns is a glock 23 that i keep loaded with 165 gold dots. Love that set up!

Autumn's Armory did the 10mm. If a 10 year old girl can handle it like a pro, what does that say about the FBI?

Soundtrack is on point.

I've learned so much with this format, pls keep the historical content like this coming, I love the adoption of calibers by institutions and whats behind those specially 10/10 !

One your best videos! Excellent deep dive on 10mm! Love to see more Manny❤😂

Thanks for not just telling the 10mm saga, but showing to us the general US pistol market and trends in the '90. It was very interesting.

Outstanding work on this in-depth and well-produced documentary. I knew bits and pieces of these various story-lines, but you put things together in a manner that was riveting to watch and really informative. This is pro-level. Well Done!

Anybody remember the 45 G.A.P. ? (*cricket noises*)

Ive been a 10mm pistol shooter for 2 decades. In my view , it is a flat shooting very accurate hard hitting round. Something once only found in revolvers. The recoil is very similar to .45 acp. I think it was a big mistake for the fbi to walk away from 10mm. In fact 10 can be and often is loaded to .40 spec.

Retired officer here. The reason we were given was female agents had a hard time with the grips and recoil. We had the 5906 9mm. Never got to shoot the 10mm.

Typical waste of government money and typical incompetency on the part of Smith and Wesson.

Great video. The larger and more progressive departments were all carrying 9mm or .45 ACP (not .38 Spl) by the early 1980's. The FBI was slow to adopt anything new. The mid-size department I worked for in California issued S&W model 59 (double-stack 9mm, 15 +1) beginning in 1979. A couple of books on the FBI and the 1986 shootout that are well worth reading are "The Guns of the FBI" by Vanderpool, and "FBI Miami Firefight" by Mireles. I met Vanderpool when I went through the FBI Firearms Instructor School in 1982, and Mireles was one of the agents in the 1986 shootout. The early versions of the S&W 10mm pistols were poorly designed and had frequent mechanical problems, likely because S&W rushed them to market. The official reason the FBI switched from .40 S&W to 9mm was "cost", both in terms of ammunition and firearms. A part of that "cost" factor is that guns chambered for 9mm last longer than those chambered for .40 S&W. An undisclosed but well known factor for the change is that the FBI hires many non-athletic people who routinely struggle to qualify with a .40 (and who could NOT qualify with a 10mm - ever). These non-athletic new hires do better with a 9mm. It is also true that switching to a 9mm would save the FBI a significant amount of money, though many of us in the industry doubt that "cost" is the true primary reason. One of the factors usually left undiscussed is that available ammo choices in 1980's and 1990's were limited, and back then the ammo was ballistically inferior (for defensive purposes) to ammo available today. That said, the .40 S&W is a superior defensive round to the 9mm, but once the FBI switched, the civilian law enforcement market began to follow suit - and the result is that the .40 S&W continues to fade in popularity.

10mm from a G20 Glock has less recoil that a Kimber all steel 1911 5" ... frame flex

You really outdid yourself. This is one of the best videos I've seen from you. Bravo, excellent history lesson.

The period appropriate title cards for the dates are a great touch, and the outro gave me a good giggle. Thanks for an interesting and informative video.

It was putting too many petite FBI agents on disability for wrist issues. Im not even joking.

Correction on the 10mm issue with FBI. The first offering of the 10mm generally had few problems. However, any problem is not acceptable when you are the agent carrying the gun. S&W offered to completely rebuild the 1076 through the Performance Center. I carried both 10s with the Bu. There were no failures with either gun in my division which was a top 10 office. My PC gun was serial number 10. It ran flawlessly, and many agents would not give up the PC 10s. S&W could not meet manufacturing deadlines so as to outfit current agents and new agents. The switch to another gun was made. You have to keep in mind that outfitting over 14000 agents of all shapes and sizes is a monumental task given that moment in time. It's easy to armchair quarterback when you aren't the one making the decisions given what was available in both guns and ammo. I carry one of two 10s to this day. You'll find a huge 10mm population out there given the variety of 10mm guns and the ammo. This didn't exist during the 1076 era. The 40 was an easy choice given its close ballistic performance to the 10mm. However, we have come full circle and are back to the 9mm with its new ammo offerings. There is no perfect handgun. There is only the handguns that you are capable of handling with proficiency and confidence.

At the time the 10mm was introduced to the FBI they were also pushing female recruitment. The female recruits could not handle the 10mm. At this same time my department used the 357. When the push to hire female officers hit my department, the 357 ammo was pulled, replaced with 38 special +P. Soon after this the revolvers went away, replaced by 9mm.

THE RETURN OF MANNY!!!! Hey Chris - here is my petition for Lucky Gunner to ship ammo to FFL03/COE licensees in California! Palmetto and Brownells do it, it would be awesome if you guys would too!

As a glock 22 owner I have a few gripes that would keep me from buying another glock 1. Lack of ambidextrous operation makes it clunky to shoot as a lefty. 2. The grip is super uncomfortable (at least for me and my wife) 3. 40 cal is nice because no one buys it but the defense ammo is expensive and very sparce.

I love how after 120 years the .45 ACP still gets to sit back and relax and make everyone else catch up to it.

Only halfway through and I'm thinking this could possibly be the best gun video I've seen on RU-vid hats off to you and your team for the extensive research you've done to provide this information

Chris, you went all out with this video. We even got to see Manny at the end!

10mm being a niche cartridge for outdoorsman and hunters is awesome. It didn't die, just find a new role. I'm not sure why .40 "lost" to 9mm. .40 performs great. That should be part 2 of this.

Ironically enough, the original M1911 Colt offering was for a 40 caliber cartridge. Army Ordnance insisted on a 45 caliber, so the round was changed to a 200 grain 45 caliber. Then Ordnance wanted a heavier bullet, which is how we wound up with the military 230 grain, 850 fps 45 ACP. So, we could have had a 40 caliber auto-loader cartridge as far back as 1910.

I found a Smith & Wesson 1076 in a local pawn shop back in the late '90s. It stove piped at least once out of every magazine due to a defect in the way the extractor was shaped. I sent it to S&W and they replaced the extractor, some of the springs, and the frame decocker. It hasn't had a single failure since, after probably 10,000 rounds or more of handloads with various bullet shapes and weights, and powder types and charge weights. I can see why it wouldn't make a good duty pistol as it is freaking heavy!

My brother in law is a police officer whose career spanned the .40 S&W fad in law enforcement. He stole swears by it. Ironically, in the great ammo shortage of 2020 it was the only cartridge still available at online retailers.