Why a sausage can do what your gloves cannot - Charles Wallace and Sajan Saini

Подписаться 20 млн

Просмотров 1,5 млн

50% 1

Dig into the science of touchscreens, and find out the difference between the two most common types: capacitive and resistive.
--
In 2010, South Korea experienced a particularly cold winter. People couldn’t activate their smartphones while wearing gloves, so they began wielding snack sausages- causing one company to see a 40% rise in sausage sales. So, what could sausages do that gloves couldn’t? In other words, how do touchscreens actually work? Charles Wallace and Sajan Saini dig into the science of touchscreens.
Lesson by Charles Wallace and Sajan Saini, directed by Luis Torres, Mr. Flama.
Support Our Non-Profit Mission
----------------------------------------------
Support us on Patreon: bit.ly/TEDEdPatreon
Check out our merch: bit.ly/TEDEDShop
----------------------------------------------
Connect With Us
----------------------------------------------
Sign up for our newsletter: bit.ly/TEDEdNewsletter
Follow us on Facebook: bit.ly/TEDEdFacebook
Find us on Twitter: bit.ly/TEDEdTwitter
Peep us on Instagram: bit.ly/TEDEdInstagram
----------------------------------------------
Keep Learning
----------------------------------------------
View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/why-a-saus...
Dig deeper with additional resources: ed.ted.com/lessons/why-a-saus...
Animator's website: mrflama.com
----------------------------------------------
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Ovidiu Mrd, paul g mohney, Steven Razey, Nathan Giusti, Helen Lee, Anthony Benedict, Karthik Balsubramanian, Annastasshia Ames, Amy Lopez, Vinh-Thuy Nguyen, Liz Candee, Ugur Doga Sezgin, Karmi Nguyen, John C. Vesey, Yelena Baykova, Nick Johnson, Carlos H. Costa, Jennifer Kurkoski, Ryan B Harvey, Akinola Emmanuel, Jose Arcadio Valdes Franco, Sebastiaan Vleugels, Karl Laius, JY Kang, Abhishek Goel, Heidi Stolt, Nicole Sund, Karlee Finch, Mario Mejia, Denise A Pitts, Doug Henry, Keven Webb, Mihai Sandu, Deepak Iyer, Javid Gozalov, Kyanta Yap, Rebecca Reineke, William Biersdorf, Patricia Alves Panagides, Yvette Mocete, Cyrus Garay, Samuel Barbas, LadyGeek, Marin Kovachev, Penelope Misquitta, Hans Peng, Gaurav Mathur, Erik Biemans, Tony, Michelle, Katie and Josh Pedretti and Hoai Nam Tran.

Опубликовано:

27 июл 2022

Ссылка:

Скачать:

Готовим ссылку...

Добавить в:

Мой плейлист

Посмотреть позже

Комментарии : 1,1 тыс.

@joyeeta8252 2 года назад

The animators of TedEd are rally amazing at their job.

@sushantmanandhar1387 2 года назад

It's not a job, Ted has always used indie animators hence the massive difference in styles from video to video

@Yousef-zc8hk 2 года назад

@@sushantmanandhar1387 It's still a job, though

@artiseen 2 года назад

@@sushantmanandhar1387 bro wdym it’s still a job ?? 🤨

@sopapiabruce6429 2 года назад

@@sushantmanandhar1387 do they get paid?

@beatjunkybg 2 года назад

@@sopapiabruce6429 He means they are not permament Ted empoyees or something, but different ones hired for each video

@careless_siren9086 2 года назад

The fact that our body's chemistry plays a big role in touchscreen technology is mind-blowing to me.

@groundsymphony 2 года назад

The fact that someone even thought about using our body’s chemistry to develop touchscreen is more mind blowing to me

@5skdm 2 года назад

@@groundsymphony yeah same

@potatoheaded1648 2 года назад

@@groundsymphony most things are discovered by accident maybe this is one of em

@TyeArtisik 2 года назад

Yup

@Zak-tk8wv 2 года назад

yes

@spmagic9083 2 года назад

There are so many impressive technologies we use everyday but don’t know much about.

@KaliTakumi 2 года назад

Gone are the days of dismantling something to see how it works

@MarkFilipAnthony 2 года назад

@@KaliTakumi why? u can still do it

@KaliTakumi 2 года назад

@@MarkFilipAnthony usually you just end up at a circuit board and it's like "welp, I have no clue what this does"

@KaliTakumi 2 года назад

@@Papi_21 I was hoping people wouldn't take my comment too literally lol. I just meant that the layman wouldn't be able to do that anymore.

@edwardv365 2 года назад

most people these days knows how to use a lot of electronics but they don't exactly know how it works

@Sid-mj1qf 2 года назад

Ted-Ed always answers random questions which sometimes pops up in mind and vanishes in thin air... The usage different types of animation in every videos and unique examples is mind blowing every time...Thank you Ted-Ed, You don't know how much you helped me in understanding this world🙏

@headoverheels88 2 года назад

I always assumed water made touchscreens wonky because of how electricity works (Yet another reason for being a heavy sweater while at the gym was annoying...), but I never knew the precise mechanics. So very very cool.

@user-tr9pd3zo5u 2 года назад

That’s become someone else also had the question in their mind, but just did deeper research

@priyanzhu Год назад

wow

@arvlis1469 2 года назад

Wow, I didn't know there were two kinds of touchscreens! Whenever a self-checkout machine, a ticket machine or something wasn't responding I always assumed it was a computing latency issue of devices being old. But it makes sense now that with devices based on the resistive version, I wasn't just imagining that it worked better if I pressed a little harder, it needs to be pressed! Thank you so much for this explaination!

@Kaiyats 2 года назад

The more you know

@AD_RC 2 года назад

You will always get it to work if you press with your fingernail or a stylus. Think of it as a Nintendo DS touchscreen. Actually, it's the same.

@azhari7968 Год назад

I remember before I got my first smartphone, in late 2000s, sometimes I have to press my phone's screen with my nails if the area that I wanted to touch is small.

@Sinsanatis Год назад

i had a feeling. resistive touch screens a lot of the time u can feel the gap

@pinkywinky911 2 года назад

I live in Japan and for 12 years I worked as a quality inspector for Nitto. A manufacturing company that literally makes touch screens for Apple, Samsung , Nintendo and other devices. It’s really fascinating tech and the research that goes into improving it seem to never end.

@anonamemous6865 2 года назад

Cool

@Luigi2262_ 2 года назад

Sounds neat. Curious, is there anything important in touchscreens that Ted-Ed missed?

@Lussimio 2 года назад

@@Luigi2262_ not specifically touch screen, but most modern smartphones use OLED panels instead of LCD.

@pinkywinky911 2 года назад

@@Luigi2262_ ted ed actually did a terrific job covering this topic. I just like to add that As an inspector we search for dirt, scratches and other defects between the layers of the touch screen and all with just our own eyes, a flash light and a flourescent light. Even with the crazy machines they made to manufacture touch screens, they still can’t duplicate the ability of the human eyes. I know because they tried a lot of times and spent millions of yen making them but were never successful 😁

@LordCoeCoe 2 года назад

@@Lussimio Currently yes.

@AkshayKumarX 2 года назад

All this beautiful work for a 5 minute educational video, a priceless gift.

@myusanawnghkd 2 года назад

You can say that this video was quite touching

@zesnowpea6347 2 года назад

*rimshot*

@kocengye 2 года назад

Indeed

@surgicalblazer1445 2 года назад

Words are not enough to describe how much I love this channel. Thanks so much for all this great content 🙂

@lthereader5670 2 года назад

what amazes me is the terrifying speed this process is done. your phone has to do the math on the voltages of every single node every moment, and then react to it in milliseconds when there is an anomaly. in a time period we humans would call "instantly"

@matthewtorres7781 2 года назад

the coding and design does make it a little simpler. think instead of one processor monitoring hundreds of nodes, think of each node as doing one job, with one set parameter. if one node gets a voltage above or below that parameter (depending on if your finger decreases or increases voltage, it didnt say in the vid) then that voltage change is applied to the grid. the processor doesnt have to do the math for voltage on each node, just mainly the math to pinpoint where the electrical impulses are coming from on the grid

@rollintweeds234 2 года назад

Super-informative and entertaining. From the unexpected South Korean sausage anecdote to engaging imagery of subatomic particles relating to one another, I was learning and loving it. Thank you, TedED!

@shreeyamittal1771 2 года назад

I've really wondered that too, especially since I tried to make a stylus at home and found it wouldn't function without a conducting material. Brilliant video, and thank you so much for such interesting content!

@rexthegamergembox 2 года назад

jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj

@rizizum 2 года назад

@Brutality Com You can wrap tin foil around a round point and it will work like a finger

@artiseen 2 года назад

@Brutality Com u can look it up here on yt it’s surprisingly simple

@muhammadsajid8608 2 года назад

I have a regular pen with a small rubber tip on top of it’s cap. that surprisingly works really well as a stylus.

@ChiDestiny 2 года назад

I used to wrap foil around a q-tip, then put some water on it

@bcataffa6153 2 года назад

I was just wondering this

@mbbbits4847 2 года назад

I clicked on this one too quickly

@haleyhernandez5808 2 года назад

Me too

@andrewreynolds912 2 года назад

Same

@99thExtent 2 года назад

I wonder why

@nevefidler 2 года назад

Same bro

@Beeeeeeeeee.Z 2 года назад

TED-Ed is easily one of the best RU-vid Channels. Both in terms of creativity and content. As a curious person and creative myself, I am glad that a channel like this exists!

@ryemamaril8669 2 года назад

Let's appreciate how beautiful the animation is 🥰

@SnoopyDoofie 2 года назад

No. Let's stop with the "Let's appreciate the animation" comments that litter the comment section on every video and start commenting on the actual content. Geez, give it up will you.

@whycantihaveaproperusernam9384 2 года назад

I agree - it sounds like a bot.

@whycantihaveaproperusernam9384 2 года назад

But a bit excessive, don't you think? You better be glad this user (me) doesn't turn reply sections into warzones.

@andrealombardo5547 2 года назад

@@SnoopyDoofie No, they deserve it

@panda4247 Год назад

I don't like the animation of electrons as running people. It's bs and useless. I'd rather see some more schematics. For example include the width and distance of the layers. Or where are the horizontal and vertical linea connected to

@soosandras555 2 года назад

The first phone with capacitive touch screen was an LG, not the iphone.

@denniscamacho9259 2 года назад

I'm really amazed how Ted-Ed do their content very informative and making the topic a lot easier to understand.

@russiandollie Год назад

Not only the technology has come so far, I love how awesome Ted Ed videos have become. Absolutely digging this one. And I always wondered about the touchscreen so thanks for such a cool vid.👍🏻

@kchishol1970 2 года назад

There are also special gloves with special material on the fingertips to allow using touchscreens. Perhaps a sequel video explaining that function is called for.

@clayel1 2 года назад

it likely just conducts electricity like your finger

@toddhowardfr 2 года назад

the video would be 10 seconds long

@88marome 2 года назад

They never work for me though🤷‍♀️

@DoomFinger511 Год назад

the fingertips of those gloves have threads made of conductive metals. There isn't much that is special about them.

@eagletgriff Год назад

@@toddhowardfr would be a nice short then, tho with how they make their vids, it would be alot of work for a 10s vid lol

@knightlon Год назад

iPhone wasn't the first capacitive touchscreeen phone. It was the LG Prada. Apple was the one to go more popular, though.

@nrsrymj 2 года назад

Wow can't get closer to "how what you're doing right now works"

@chonkcatOwO 2 года назад

Your videos make time on RU-vid fun but you're able to learn at the same time! An excellent match of cartoons and school LOVE IT

@djibreezy 2 года назад

asking the real questions, thank you.

@anikamaynard8132 2 года назад

I’ve always wanted to know how this worked cause if you really sit and think about it, it’s amazingly kool that people were able to create something like this

@lordkaby9259 2 года назад

Nice I rly love the animations in this video. And great work getting so much information over in such short time, I was wondering for a while how touchscreens actually work since we didnt learn it explicitly in physic. just noice

@Jack_huntakilla 2 года назад

Wonderful animation. Clear, precise medium to explain the tech involved!

@TommyTao47 2 года назад

The reason I like TED-Ed is its educational animation. Amazing job!

@wandering-riz 2 года назад

Let's just take a minute to appreciate how great the TED-ed Animators have gotten

@panda4247 Год назад

Depends on youdlr definition of "great". Electrons animated as running people are useless. I'd rather see more of the schematics

@elkaraokedeltioteodoro9414 2 года назад

Thank you for this video, uncle TED

@s.hamedstriker5315 2 года назад

This is the greatest purpose of educational channels like TED-Ed: to teach us about complexity of our everyday blessings. Thank you TED-Ed!

@medusagorgon8432 2 года назад

You guys are ridiculously awesome!!! Thank you for this!🤩

@FinancialShinanigan 2 года назад

Those snack sausages were my childhood lol glad there's more uses for them

@HeadCannon19 Год назад

It's crazy how touchscreens are such an integral part of our life and yet I never actually knew how they worked. Idk if its just me but the fact that they use our body's conductivity is surprising but also makes perfect sense

@iamjaydee4621 2 года назад

Wow, this is somehow made the science beyond this complicated device a lot easier to understand.

@mantidream8179 2 года назад

TedEd has a real knack for making videos about things even I didn't know I was interested in.

@minhquyen7757 2 года назад

omg i've always been questioning about all these technology things. i don't take it for granted. it feels very mind-blowing every time i think about it. like, HOW ??

@umitdemir3741 2 года назад

This is amazing content! I've never searched how the touchscreens work. but when I watched this video, I just blamed myself and asked myself why didn't I. There is a lot of technologies we use everyday and we are not curious about how they work. Thank you TedEd.

@tejasvisingh8534 2 года назад

It's really fascinating to see how things actually work, couldn't have known had TedEd not uploaded such informative yet lucid video 🙏👍.

@shreyasgarg864 2 года назад

Ted-Ed always coming with the answers to question I ask in my head but never say out loud

@braedenlarson9122 2 года назад

I’m an electrical engineering student and I just learned about this in linear circuits 2! Awesome video!

@XD2021 2 года назад

So basically I've been shocking myself for this whole time 😂😂

@pretisia7 2 года назад

Yes, sorry😊

@DannyCiez1945 2 года назад

On safely amount, of course

@pretisia7 2 года назад

@@DannyCiez1945 right

@senzuka_se 2 года назад

yeah, altho milivolts that dont do any damage at all, like AT ALL.

@ayounglivelysoulinanoldtir3512 2 года назад

the rule with absorbing electricity is that if it dosen't hurt, then it dosen't startle you, so you can't call it a shock!

@kennethuyabeme 2 года назад

Loved the intro section of this video, a great engaging story that draws attention and perfectly introduces the subject of the video. Kudos to the lesson's writer.

@theonedream2314 2 года назад

its really beautiful how effortful each video of TED-Ed is.....The animations to the information

@AaaaaaaAaaooo 2 года назад

I have always wondered how cell phones work, and this is one step closer to understanding it. I am also curious about how the colors on the screen and images work. How do they change color? How do they know when to change images? If you could make a video about how it works, that would be awesome! (By the way I love your videos! They are so easy to understand! Keep up the amazing work!)

@jankelen 2 года назад

At a cross country meet years ago I made the discovery that bananas can be used on touch screens. Didn’t expect it to be mentioned in this video though!

@arturobarrios8327 2 года назад

As always, the information is great and interesting, and the animation is beautiful!!! I love Ted Ed

@ziadh7616 2 года назад

It is an amazing info about something everyone uses every single day. Thank you TED.

@ketsuekikumori9145 2 года назад

Gloves that say they can work with capacitive touch screens just have metallic threads weaved into the finger allowing electric charge to flow between you and the screen. Capacitive stylus work on the same principle with a metallic body connecting you to the stylus tip.

@leenagoyal2403 2 года назад

Ted Ed never fails to bring the most intriguing topics I never knew I wanted to know more about!

@nfathiahmed7339 2 года назад

oh man, the animation and storytelling are impressively growing in every video.

@FlameEmber 2 года назад

I really appreciate the artist using the actual design of the Korean sausage snack for accuracy. ☆

@lesterabastillas9291 2 года назад

I wonder how many of the viewers are watching these for schoolwork or just like knowing random stuff

@houssamk777 2 года назад

Amazing animation like always !

@JadeDranreb13 2 года назад

I love watching TED-Ed videos and pretend I understand what is being said while watching the beautiful animation. Kudos

@ajsimpson6038 2 года назад

This is actually really creative looking back just magine thinking about that. That is just crazy

@Arib_Malik_ 2 года назад

Ayo I didn't know this, very informative video and definitely learnt something new. 📚

@Gargantura 2 года назад

please give the animator a medal, because its their work's beautiful!

@whycantihaveaproperusernam9384 2 года назад

SnoopyDoo said that those kinds of comments are repetitive. I agree. Not to be rude or anything.

@nicolaasjjoubert 2 года назад

I love these animations. damn.. give these animators a raise.

@vincentbeyer1427 2 года назад

Thank you so much, i ve been wondering about this for so long.

@NathanPatton Год назад

Fun fact: The first phone with a capacitive touch screen to hit the market was the LG Prada in May 2007. The iPhone would go on sale roughly a month later in June. Not exactly as memorable of a phone though, to be fair 😄

@lovinanewton7751 2 года назад

Thank you TedEd for making learning fun and accessible! I probably would never have delved into functioning of touch screens otherwise. Love how this channel helps keep geeking about random topic relevant!!! Also, as it is with every video, love love love the animation, especially the atom and electron characters bit! You people are brilliant 😍🤯🤯

@kingjb554 Год назад

This is something Ive always wondered but never looked up, so cool...

@applecone261 2 года назад

Woah this is the best explanation I really need. Now my curiosity is SOLVED!

@priyanshubaranwal363 2 года назад

screens: touch me, we have an electrical connection me: how can i resist, when you're capacitive

@noahmantoine 2 года назад

Fantastic animation as usual. Loved the little electron and proton guys.

@muji_kngr 2 года назад

I was searching for this my whole life, thanks Ted

@gcg9849 2 года назад

I thought touchscreen interacts only because of the force on every taps but there's more of it. Thanks TEDEd for this amazing video.

@telegramsam 2 года назад

Good to know. I knew the screen on my old Nintendo DS worked through pressure but didn’t know what made phone & tablet screens work, exactly. Too bad the fun/fancy stylus collection I had for the DS are useless for the kind of touchscreen on phones.

@rickseiden1 2 года назад

I have a Samsung Galaxy Tab S6 Lite. It uses, of course, capacitive touch, but it also has under that some sort of technology from Wacom that allows it to also respond to a stylus. It's like a souped up touch screen.

@tim90003 Год назад

Incredible video, incredible information and animation. Hope this will reel in views for years to come.

@richardmendy4914 2 года назад

This channel is more educative than most teachers ngl

@S3lvah 2 года назад

I'd say the distinction between resistive and capacitive touchscreens is what brought Nokia down and what launched iPhone to the top. Nokia (and other manufacturers, for that matter) had touchscreen phones before Apple, but the clumsier resistive-screen kind. The responsiveness of the capacitive screen also encouraged Apple to ditch the manual keyboard and enlarge the screen.

@luuchoo93 Год назад

Am I the only one who’s blown away at this fact? Our body’s electricity has a role in the way touchscreens work. It’s impressive

@finpoint4738 2 года назад

Just like any other TED-Ed video - Understood details very less but absolutely loved the overview and the way things work practically

@xeltranjim6716 Год назад

I JUST CANT IMAGINE HOW SMART WHO INVENTED THIS,

@AnimatorThe 2 года назад

First widespread touch screen iphone❌ DS✅

@overcookedwater1947 2 года назад

Thank you! Now I'm even more scared of dropping my phone

@nicolez3384 2 года назад

The technology is quite common today that I never thought why finger could touch screen while gloves couldn’t. Thanks for TED-ED.🎉

@alicewong5619 2 года назад

Wonderful animation with wonderful narrator…. Love this episode!!!! Great job!

@maindepth8830 2 года назад

This made me feel very self concious of using my phone, thank you

@KnightsofGaming2016 2 года назад

Can't believe it's been 15 years since Steve Jobs introduced what most of us would use everyday and the many companies that produce it.

@manuelg4867 2 года назад

lol he died because he thought eating fruit would be a better treatment to his cancer than getting real medicine.

@Riyoshi000 2 года назад

@@manuelg4867 lmao😂😂😂

@jayus2033 2 года назад

@@manuelg4867 no he died because Obama and his democrats killed him

@jennyjohn704 2 года назад

His company 'invented' the iphone, it didn't invent the smart phone.

@deadinside7750 2 года назад

also he didn't invent capacitive screens

@argentinanaoma1247 2 года назад

The sound designers of Ted-Ed never cease to amaze!

@v.duskren8819 2 года назад

I would learn about literally anything if the artists who made this video had a part in it. The speaker also has a very nice voice.

@ouch1011 2 года назад

It’s funny how the T-Mobile/HTC G1, despite being a much better phone and the fact that Android phones outnumber iPhones 2:1, is largely forgotten because it came out very slightly after the iPhone. I believe a lot of cat infotainment systems (up until recently) used resistive screens specifically because of gloves.

@Br_KN 2 года назад

Cat?

@Dumbledore6969x 2 года назад

I owned the G1 and it was NOT a better phone. It was slow, laggy, and android still needed a lot of work. It’s not forgotten, it was wasn’t the breakthrough that Apple had achieved. It would still take some time for google to fully copy apples vision.

@BreadsenTM 2 года назад

@@Br_KN The Company Caterpillar which offers equipement for construction work, including phones. As a brand they just call themself CAT though.

@eamonjun 2 года назад

What about tempered glass protector? does that create another circuit ontop of the protector or is it electrical proximity that allows the input to function.

@23Shadowfox23 2 года назад

You are correct with your last guess :) The applied screen protector can be seen as a thicker phone glass - on top of the 'grid'. If you change the responsiveness of your touchscreen you it could be that the distance is too high for light touches and it stops working

@the_grenade Год назад

Finally, my knowledge is complete. I am satisfied with this video. My biggest wonder has been answered.

@thatgamerboy3467 2 года назад

its a blessing that this narrator exists

@tango_mondo5751 2 года назад

now i wont forget the fact that every time im holding and using a modern touch-screen device im also being electrocuted, just enough to use the device but not enough for it to be even noticeable. thanks ted ed

@AntTonyLOLKID 2 года назад

I'm still amazed at how Apple pushed forward with such a seamless touchscreen when I remember as touch screens beforehand often needed you to push really hard in because of a thick protective plastic layer.

@TheAndjelika 2 года назад

It was not Apple, it was LG Prada in 2006, year before Apple.

@AntTonyLOLKID 2 года назад

@@TheAndjelika i mean, I did suspect another company would have invented/innovated that touchscreen, but with the iPhone's launch, Apple had pushed forward that tech

@TheAndjelika 2 года назад

@@AntTonyLOLKID Apple is just a money-making machine, not anything super tech, intuitive, special. Really just some good salesman managed to wrap up things to brainwash people to buy (: If you are a real tech person, codder, any sort of enthusiast, but also the simple user who wants a good thing, you will never get Apple - ultra closed money making systems.

@AntTonyLOLKID 2 года назад

@@TheAndjelika I am using a Samsung Galaxy at the moment, and Custom PC. I liked Apple when Steve Jobs was still alive, and Apple genuinely pushed technology forward (the iPhone pushed forward smartphones as a norm). I totally agree Apple now is a cash grabbing machine now, but I am happy to use Apple products, but won't be purchasing any unless it fits my needs and wont be spending time with the "Genius" Bar staff, so dnt judge a book by its cover.

@theeverythingchannel9786 2 года назад

a great video. I've been wondering touch screens for a while now

@s.4155 2 года назад

This video answers so many questions I had!

@Optimusprime809 2 года назад

I often wonder what it would be like if we were sent back in time with some advanced technology, like a smartphone, and people in the past would ask us how it works, only for us to tell them we have no clue, and then they judge us super hard 😂 It's good to learn about the things we use so often!

@intj_gaming 2 года назад

Ask them how their Nintendo works 😂

@abhay4147 Год назад

People in the past would be less surprised with technology than they would be with supermarkets

@sep2474 2 года назад

They were still using the sausage while wearing gloves, where did the sausage get it's charge?

@juhbenward18 2 года назад

I love this, the information and the video is just amazing, such a cool animation

@Samantha-vlly Год назад

I noticed that the Windows phone’s capacitive screen is more sensitive than the iPhone. Thank you for this information! Simple and easily-digestible

@rosemimi3831 2 года назад

Who else is watching this on a touch screen device? 😆

@mr.spinoza 2 года назад

I thought this video was going to be about SawStop. It's the same principle though: sausages and fingers produce current so they stop the saw, whereas plastic won't.