Why Your Filter is TOO SMALL and NOT CYCLED 

I am 52 and have been in the aquarium hobby on and off since I was 18. I have had salt water,fresh water and reef tanks. When I started there was no RU-vid. It was read a book and get advise from a local fish store. I bounce around looking at different videos about "the experts" with all their do and do not advise for fish keeping. Usually within 5 minutes you can tell who knows his stuff or who just wants a bunch of likes and subscribers. I was expecting the same here. Surprisingly, I watched the full 35 minute video and actually ENJOYED listening to you. Very sound advise for newbies and veterans. Thank you for the time and dedication you put in to educate people on this fascinating hobby. 🐠 🐠 🐠 🐠

You are THE ONLY person on RU-vid who fully explains everything, mechanically, biologically and logically. You actually TEACH the viewers, not just tell us half-assed information. I write down everything i learn in your videos and all of my tanks and ponds are thriving more than ever. ANOTHER THING, putting the cermaic rings underneath the trays collects a MASSIVE amount of crap. Very simple yet so effective.

"Slightly big is better than slightly small", that's what she said. Good honest video.

You just opened my eyes. My aquarium - a lot o plants, RO water with mineralization, Amazonia bed, not many fishes, regular water changes, and constant problems with algae. Now I doubled the filtration, used different media in a proper order setup , problems gone! Thank You!

This is a cool dude, not annoying, very natural and informative

Apologies for the accusatory tone of the video title but the fact is over 95% of people who watch this video will have high nitrates in an under-filtered aquarium or pond. Don't believe me? Then please watch the video since I have tried to cram in as much useful information about filters and biological processes as possible in the run time which is close to 35 minutes. Bear in mind that the figures given in the video for recommended media amounts is based on Biohome ultimate in a properly set up filter and achieving FULL CYCLE FILTRATION so they are based on the filter working at best efficiency. With less effective types of filter media you could need way more to get near full cycle filtration and most will never achieve that no matter how much you use. Media choice is critical as it needs to support a good balance of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to process Ammonia, Nitrite and Nitrite for the full cycle (low flow rate is not needed for Biohome to be effective so that is a bonus). For the people out there who have achieved full cycle filtration and now enjoy a healthy system with happy fish I'd love to see your comments posted on this video - feel free to link to any videos of your tanks too. Only FULL CYCLE FILTRATION is successful filtration. A full cycle is completed by bacteria - the aerobic part of biological filtration which processes ammonia to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate followed by an anaerobic part which processes nitrate into soluble nitrogen which bubbles off to the atmosphere. Therefore it requires a suitable amount of excellent quality filter media to be able to provide the environment for both aerobic AND anaerobic bacteria - that is what Biohome ultimate does perfectly but even with such good media there are limitations and we recommend the following amounts for different stocking scenarios: (1 US Gallon = 3.8 litres) (1kg = 2.2 lbs) Average community tropical aquarium = 1kg per 100 litres Average coldwater aquarium = 1kg - 1.5kg per 100 litres Predator aquarium = 1.5kg - 2kg per 100 litres Large cichlid aquarium = 1.5kg - 2kg per 100 litres Malawi / Tanganyikan aquarium = 1.5kg - 2kg per 100 litres Marine aquarium = 1.5kg - 2kg per 100 litres Average mixed fish pond = 1kg per 200 litres Average koi pond = 1kg per 150 litres TIME STAMPS: 00:00 Introduction 01:45 Misleading information 02:48 Explaining the proper Nitrogen cycle (full cycle) 04:40 Sizing a filter properly (for full cycle filtration) 07:58 Some examples of aquarium filters true capacity 12:42 Booster filter 14:00 How long a full cycle should take 16:01 How to set up a canister filter for full cycle filtration 22:33 Carbon / chemical media placement in a filter 24:18 Placement of 'polishing pad' 26:10 Notes on cleaning the filter 27:46 Chemical filtration problems / effects on bacteria and nitrate levels 31:01 Biohome, cheap media and summary GEAR LINKS: Biohome, foams etc. www.filterpro.co.uk APS 2000 filter: geni.us/2LnO SunSun 304B (UV version) US: geni.us/iINgHik EF2 2.3 litre Booster filter: geni.us/2bj1 SunSun HW-603 2.3 litre booster filter (US): geni.us/QA3w Eheim pre-filter: geni.us/oP1GW6h (not shown in video) USEFUL VIDEOS: Looking inside filter media: goo.gl/NCJ2oP Wheelie bin shower filter: goo.gl/xd7YVe Aquarium / filtration playlist: goo.gl/QiiCWZ Pond construction playlist: goo.gl/cRVwn2 RECOMMENDED PRODUCTS ON AMAZON: goo.gl/jMaBWy INSTAGRAM: instagram.com/pondguru_outdoors/ FILMING EQUIPMENT: Panasonic HC-VX870 HD camcorder geni.us/3UwE +Rode stereo microphone: geni.us/4OL +Rode 'deadcat' mic cover: geni.us/1pmn JVC Everio quad proof HD camcorder: geni.us/e09e +Rode 'deadcat' mic cover (opened up and held between tripod and camera base) geni.us/dee24 Zomei Z666 tripod: geni.us/1a1af3 Manfrotto MTPIXI-B PIXI mini tripod: geni.us/87f7 If you've enjoyed this video please check out the playlists on my channel for hundreds more - on a variety of subjects. Feel free to share or link any of my videos on facebook, twitter, forums etc. for the benefit of anyone you think may also enjoy watching. See you next time. Pondguru

What a fantastic, straight-up, informational video from someone with experience and knowledge. Thanks so much! Truely appreciated. I spend months on end researching the biology and learning about various options, cross-referencing etc. before even thinking of starting up a new large tank (even with a few years experience in the hobby). People like you are doing us all a huge kindness! All the best to you!

It's Thanksgiving 2019, in the USA. Not sure if you check in here any longer, Richard, but your videos are making a world of difference for me, my fish, and tank this go 'round. Intelligent and concise presentations minus any ambiguity. Cheers, mate!

You sir have given me the exact information about filtration that I have spent many months trying to find. Thank you for posting this. I use 2 of the exact units you used in my 175 gallon tank. I now know how to arrange the media for optimum performance.

Dude, you need to sell T shirts that say "And I'll tell you why...". You are the MAN. Thanks for all the great info. You are a true Guru.

Thanks pond guru! I have just changed my foams to the bottom of the canister external filter. Glad your here.

Been in the fish hobby for a 4 years now and still struggling with getting filtering just right. I think this is the first thorough explanation i've encountered. Thankyou heaps for the clarity and thoroughness of your explanations.

I wanted to thank you for posting this video, as it's been a life-saver - not for me, but for my much-loved fish! I've only been a first-time fish owner for a few months now - my daughter bought them for me to keep me occupied - and, never having owned them before, I've been doing my best to research every aspect of it - only to become totally and utterly confused with all the conflicting advice here on RU-vid! But your video is the first one I've come across that really goes into a true depth of explaination, not only of the basics, but also the whole water cycle - something I've been struggling with, because nobody else really explained it as well, or as clearly, as you have - my fish would be very grateful to you, if they knew! Lol Co-incidentally, I'd just bought myself a Fluval 106 filter, as the one I have at present isn't as good as I'd like - and so, now, I know what I need to buy to make sure I get the best out of both the new filter, and my 70 litre tank! I've already stopped your video a couple of times, to go and order the 700g of biohome filter gravel, plus varying sponges, that I'm going to need! Lol Thankyou for being so clear and concise - and for being so willing, and patient, to really teach your viewers how to get the best out of their filters, whatever they are :)

This is the single most informative video I have seen yet. Completely explains why everything is 0 except for 30ppm nitrates. Thank you very much!

This is a fantastic video. I need to watch it again to fully understand all the pearls you've mentioned. Thank you again.

Video is a little over a year old but you got my subscription. Thanks for sharing your knowledge.

Brilliant.. Thank you for taking the time and energy in putting such crucial and valuable information out there. The right knowledge is key. You make perfect sense even to novices to the hobby like myself. You're a legend!

Dude.... All hail the master. No nonsense natter. I had my filter set to the manufactures recommendations and had nothing but problems. Your chat was like a slap around the head. Changed my filter media and its position. Tada. I have a planted tank in perfect balance. Great work. Hudson.

I've just bought an FX4 to boost my stock Jewel Lido 200 filter and just followed your set up guide! Man its a step up from my Eheim Ecco Pro 300! Thank you for all your advice, i've been keeping fish since i was 5 but still learning new things from you!

Fantastic video mate been using your setup on my 2 tanks for 3 years now and it works perfect. People this guy knows what he is talking about 😀😀😀

I just want to thank you so much. Ive kept fish since i was young lad, but decided to get more seriously into the hobby about 4 years ago. I started researching things with planted tanks and canister filters. I came across the video you made that was bassically the same thing as this just alittle shorter and more to the point. It taught me so much and ive had nothing but success. Im very happy to see you made this video with even more info and I really hope it helps another newbie getting into the hobby. Hope to get myself some biohome ultimate too!! keep doing what you do and thank you again!

I honestly don’t know why I don’t watch you all the time!! I apologize. I just bought one of these filters, didn’t really know how to set one of these up....never used one. You are so good at explaining them and the way bacteria develops and what it does! Thank you, thank you thank you. So helpful. Watching you helped me set up a filter for my koi pond a couple of years ago, having problems there now, just the filter part again, koi have gotten bigger since then. Need a bigger filter now. I’ll get it with your help. Thanks again!

I miss your fish keeping vids. Watch them all !!

One of the few videos I have actually thought about leaving a comment on. Really enjoyed this and provided a lot of great info!

this information was super useful and i appreciate all of it! there is a LOT of mis information all over the internet thats mainly based upon personal trial and error. the fact that you actually scientifically tested and developed your own media is amazing!

This guy is the man. So easy to follow, logical and not driven by product, but science. You have a new follower.. keep up the guru!

Hi Richard, always a great knowledge with your videos. Always find i learn something more. I plan on installing a new drum filter on my koi pond over the next 12-18 months and then plan on using your biohome product in a shower filter. Keep up the pond videos coming thick and fast buddy. Kind regards, Chris.

thank you for this video! I appreciate the time you take to time stamp the topics.

Thank you so much for all you do! We’ve learned so much from your Pimp My Filter series. But, this video with a general overall look at proper filtration is invaluable. I will share it as much as I can. I can’t tell you how much I struggled with Nitrates within my canister filters when I started out. I have always gone with at least double the rated filtration on all of my tanks and extra water changes were not making a dent in the Nitrates. I kept doing research and asking for help. I tried multiple types of treated media and pads. Some helped somewhat, for a short amount of time. Plants weren’t helping much. I truly struggled. Adding sponges to intakes and adding HOBs with sponge that could be cleaned frequently (and very large lava rocks in our African Cichlid tank) were the only thing that helped, eventually... until I started seeing your filtration videos. Again, thank you so much for taking the time and effort to share this knowledge. You are an asset to the community. We and our fish are truly grateful for your help. - MeShell

Oldy content, BUT, absolutely great content! Best explanation about canister filtration and filter-media around.

finally someone explained it propperly :) pointing out the ratio between filtermedia and water volume is great! I read multiple books till I got to that very usefull information.

Ive learned so much from you man, why did you stopped doing vids about Aquariums and ponds? They are gold, I hope u start doing them again.

This was by far, the most usefull information on filtration I have seen so far on RU-vid. Thank you very much.

Thankyou so much mate. I asked the supplier of my filter (I’ll not mention them.. cough... All pond solutions) which way was the best to set the media and they said exactly how it came out your filter. It’s always nice to find someone who actually knows more than a supplier. 👍👍.

I can remember last year I watched your video on how to set up a filter and contacted you and your advice was second to none. As you may know I use two of the. APS 2000lt/h filters both with boosters. I can honestly confirm 100% what you are saying here. I check my boosters once per month and every three to four months check my canister which holds only the Bioholme. I run a 5 ft 93 gallon 433 litre tank and the water clarity, fish health and water quality is second to none. Everyone needs to watch and believe what your say8ng. Take great care.

about to set up an aquarium this month and this was unbelievably helpful, I now know what filter size I need and how to set it up thank you for this knowledge 👍

I am so happy,I found your RU-vid video,I now understand at last how to pack my External Filter,Even the manufacturer instructions are useless,and seen so many other confusing videos Thank you so much. Regards Phil (uk)

What a wealth of knowledge. Thanks for making this video and sharing. This type of well presented and well spoken material is what we need more of on the Tube.

Hi there Richard, Another great video, very enjoyable to watch, thanks for the info and best regards from the boys in Down Under, Tony.

Every new aquarist should watch this video!

This one video has been more helpful than the last 2 months of research I've been doing to try to find the correct way to do things! Thank you much!

Am sharing your videos with my circle of friends. I watch a lot of 'tip' videos and find yours to make the most sense! Following your advice in my 50gal goldfish aquarium and all is well. Thank you! Looking forward to many more vids.

Exactly what's happening in my tank. THANK YOU FOR THIS VIDEO I WAS GOING CRAZY

Your the only youtuber who can actually hold.my attention when talking about the nitrogen cycle. All the rest make me feel like I'm 5 years old being taught by a teacher who was to stupid to teach an actual class . Thanks for the video it came just in time , I haven't been able to cycle through nitrites in my 125 gallon tank for almost 1 month now . Though I should have more than adequate filtration. I'm gonna try a new dechlor. And soon an entirely new filter setup.

Great info and thank you. I bought a 304 b sunsun and set it up yesterday. I haven't started it on a tank yet. I'm glad I watched this, now I have some adjustments to make.

when you quoted terence you melted me completely. a great video.

I feel like I have just been told off 😂 great video. Great information.

100% SATISFACTORY with information! Especially the medication aspect! I tried to explain that most meds will kill good bacteria! But with no luck they know more! Lol of course it only makes sense!

Excellent! A must see for all fish tank owners. I definitely learnt a lot about effective filtration here. Thank you for the sharing!

Thanks mate. This is probably the last video I'm watching and am confident enough to finally buy everything I need for a 150 gal discus tank after keeping guppies and khuli loaches for over two years.

what you should aim for is water hits media in this order.... coarse~ medium~fine foams... then some form of sintered glass media.... the idea is that the muck is filtered out in the foams so the water hitting the 'bio rings' ect .. is as clean as possible for the aerobic bacteria 2 thrive ... if the porous media gets clogged its not as effective... companies sell filters with the wrong set up... and rack in loads of cash with disposable cartridges

Can you explain how biohome is better than matrix for denitrification?

I am new to fish keeping and love the hobby so far. Your content has been invaluable. I understand bio home ultimate is most likely the best media for my filter. I am on a budget and would love your videos to include some decent options the get by with until I can get the bio home. I would like to be able to swap out one tray at a time. I am currently using seachem matrix for my 29 gallon tank to get me going with a pen plax cascade 1000 Canister filter. I am now setting up a 55 gallon tank and purchased a sunsun 704b as the filter. Was able to get 1pound of biohome to start with. Thank you for all the great information, keep doing what your doing.

Thank you Richard for this excellent, well described video. I found it very enjoyable and interesting to watch. Like us all, I have watched countless videos on this subject in an effort to get a grasp of what the best filtration method is and without a doubt your way is by far the best.

very interesting and really understood what your saying thank you for taking your time to do videos like this it really helps people i do have biohome filter media in my canister 2kg , nitrite 0 ammonia 0 nitrites rise fast but i combat this with water changes love the advice and realize i should have more media for the size of my aquarium so ordered another 3kg so will be interesting to see the results my aquarium should be 5kg from what u say ill add 3kg and next month 3kg more as i run 2 filters ill do one at a time mainly due to cost lol i know this should be over kill but hopefully this helps , start a full cycle and ill update on progress after install

I've had a 55 gallon freshwater aquarium for the last 10 years. Have always run a side filter with carbon, never had any problems. I never use chemical additives in my setup. I do water changes every two weeks. I do add salt to keep electrolytes to fight off ich. I just ordered a cannister filter to maximize my water content. Your videos make a lot of common sense to water conditioning. Keep up the good work.

Class video mate! Learnt lots and has really helped me to figure out what I will need for my first canister filter, and definitely going to get the little mechanical canister too. Super grateful for your time and advice PondGuru 🙏

Kind of new to the hobby but very new to canisters. This is the best place for beginners in Canister filtration. Thank you!

Here in America biohome is at 20$ a pound give or take a few dollars! But as a fish keeper for 15 years I don't know of any media that's better! Biohome is the best Aquarium filter media.... period ,end of conversation!

I bought the biohome ultimate 10kg for my 2 sun sun 704b .. will be putting it to action next week on my 120 gallon discus tank... do you recommend seachem prime as a dechlorinator? If not please recommend a dechlorinator. Im setting it up just the way you have shown.. please reply

Howdy from Texas, Richard! Now that I've had the good fortune to be in retirement, I decided to return to my favorite hobby of fishkeeping. It's been many a decade since I've been able to enjoy this pastime. At any rate, your videos and especially your Biohome Ultimate media with a little help from my past experience, has enabled me to restart this "hobby" with full gusto and very few, if any, problems. Kudos to you!

Thank you for sharing this information. I've been running a 55 gallon tank with the HOB filter that was supplied with my tank for over 20 years, but I've never taken the leap into external canister filtration and bio media. I've watched this video as well as your pimp my filter series with great interest and I've learned a lot from your thorough fact based videos over the past two days.

So, my wife was wrong to moan when i bought the 'APS'1000Ef for a 130L tank. Muhahaha, oh boy this sofa is comfy :D

Amen!

Super helpful. I’m new to the hobby and have a couple of tanks running canister filters. This helped me tremendously! Thank you!

I am by far your average fish keeper my daughter (14) has recently gotten into wanting to learn more and experiment with aquascaping and fish keeping which has in turn further peaked my attention in the hobby and this video has been a *Wealth Of Knowledge* and made the complicated process so much more understandable. Although i have always went with a bigger size filter (thinking more is better) i was in the category of arranging the media just as instructed and only as instructed. But what you are saying does make soo much more sense and you have broken it down in a way everyone should understand that it only makes good sense! I do like the booster filter ideal having a completely separate Mechanical zone so as to not have to disturb the Bio zone when cleaning! Once again GREAT VIDEO and i agree with other this should be a MUST WATCH for all looking to join the fish keeping hobby!

I leave my grid off of my canister filter, does it really matter?

Well i have to say I'm very disappointed not with this information but the views of some people on a Facebook group that says it's a place to get and share information regarding all things aquatic, the views of some of the people weren't aimed at the information but were in my eyes a personal attack at you and the knowledge that you share, had i known that people would be as rude as they were i would not have shared your video. Personally i thank you for your knowledge and hope to learn more from you. All i can think is that these people have very small minds and they think that their way is the right way.

I'm a complete noob with a mere 87 litre aquarium as my first tank (Marina Vue 87 AKA Fluval Vista 23). This video has helped me understand filtration to a much higher level than any other previous "guide" videos on the subject. I think I have enough info now to run a nice clean planted tank with a few choice fish swimming around happily. I'm definitely going to get an external mini pre-filter, which will feed into another external filter with all bio-media in. I've not even added any water to my tank yet, still trying to work out how best to get it all setup without any issues. Also, I never expected a Terence McKenna quote in a video about tank filtration - made my day! Many thanks for the clear and simple info.

Watched this video twice as I am setting up a new tank with external filter. second time just went to the bits I wanted to double check. Really useful video and will be following your advice.

" A lot of supposedly learned people can`t." . . Good for you for being bold (non-snowflake) and calling out the strong-headed, emotional and opinionated.

1000 liters = 264.172 gallons . These are global videos please state the gallon equivalent because several thousand of us had to google the conversion. *So keep that in mind please* Oh WTF now we are into kilos. I can do metric linear measurements but not volume in my head.

I almost never comment on videos - but I have to say this is hands down, the most well explained video on an aquarium nitrogen cycle I've ever watched. I will be recommending and sharing this video profusely! Thanks again, and we are looking forward to your future videos. Keep up the great work! :)

30 years in the hobby and I learned something. Top notch video, thanks for making it.

It’s only since I’ve been doing exactly what you’re saying in this video that I have enjoyed this hobby! Spot on mate thank you so much for everything!👍🤘

Your right about the booster filter cleaned mine for the first time after a month running.. does an excellent job of trapping all the filth before it reaches the main filter.. sneaked a peep into the main filter the water looked good enough to drink.. nice one Richard.. Cheers keep up the good work.

This is so brilliant! Just as I had progressed from Eheim 4+ 600 to Fluval FX6 I now make my way here to a cheaper alternative. It's been a journey and a half.

Keep it going mate, don’t be shy when you speak, make it clear nobody can be to touchy -well done

THANK YOU!! THANK YOU!! Ever thing you said makes total sense keep up the great work. Now i can properly cycle and get proper filtration and quit doing massive water changes and wasting money.

Brother... this is without a doubt the greatest video on you tube!!!!!! Keep the information coming!!!!!

That filter booster sold me. I’m getting this exact setup for my 414 liter community tank soon. And I may double it. I will first see how one of these setups work. Thank you for the most informative video on filters on the interwebs! Much appreciated

Brilliant video, everything you say makes perfect sense. I've always said that manufacturers of aquarium filters, and many other things, give incorrect advice on filter pads & media precisely because they want you to buy more than is necessary. Unfortunately, they are more concerned with profits than the welfare of our fish. Thanks for this wonderfully presented information Richard.

You are a true guru.....wish I had seen your videos earlier, surely could have avoided some silly mistakes. Thank you for all your efforts !!!!

Great to see you're back doing fish/pond videos. Huge fan and customer. I've used BHU for a while now. Also works great as a plant anchor for my Anubis and Buce. They root right around it. I was very happy to get some of the BHU in my subscription to My Aquarium Box. Keep up the good fight. You definitely get two thumbs up from me.

I’m new to the aquarium hobby and im so glad I’ve discovered the pond guru 😀

Great video, I believed I know the things until I watch at this video like a young student, very appreciated!

Love your aquarium videos pondguru. Truly changed my way of thinking about filtration. Halfway through changing my allpondsolutions 1000ef to match how you do things. Keep up the good videos mate

Thank you for a great video I watched one of your videos several years ago when I was setting up my RIO 300 for fancy fold fish . I followed your advice on filter set up, when you relies how messy goldfish are the result were simply amassing , every time I tested my tank water I was simple amazed with the results , after about 4 years I decided to revert back to tropical , its a bit restricting on what plants you can grow with goldfish as they do like to munch away at them , the plant growth I achieved was simply amazing , sadly the tank had to go yesterday due to a home move the chap got a bargain he was very knowledgeable but had nether seen a filter set up in this way so I explained it to him and pointed him in your direction . New tank will be coming soon once we have moved in i`m downsizing to a 180 and the one I am going to get comes with and internal filter which I have decided will have to go as I can not see how I can give the same results as I can with the external ones . I have decided to us one of the ones that you are using in this video on cost only . Thank you for explaining something that is so important and often neglected in a way that is so easy to understand Best Regard Robert

Was debating whether to go for the All ponds solution 1400 or 2000 for a 350litre tank, and after watching this went for the 2000. It also gave me some information i never had about the nitrogen cycle so that was a great help. After seeing how you changed the filter, i went on your site and got the same stuff (media and foam, and just did a second order for some more media and some bacteria balls) you used to pimp the filter. Really want the best for my fish tank, and this video really helped me. Great video :)

One of the best videos on youtube about filtration! Like you I believe that filtration is the most important thing in an aquarium and I think it’s a shame how manufacturers hype the flow rate of their filters rather than using real world numbers with media fully loaded. Also, I never even knew about a booster filter, and I’ve been in the hobby for 10 yrs. Great info, keep it up, subscribed!

You sir are a legend. I have been setting up my filters wrong for years. Thank you.

Great video! Recently I upgraded my tank from 40 to 60l and replaced my internal filter for external canister. It's a small 150l p/h with 2 compartments. First one had only coarse sponge which I replaced with 3 smaller but different (corase/medium/fine) and second compartment was filled with ceramic rings and carbon. I removed carbon and added more ceramic rings so there is about 0.9kg of them in the filter. Works well, water is clear and fish looks happy. Btw it's only 1 Balck Moor in it. Thanks for good video and effort you did to explain everything. It's hard to keep someone attentive for half an hour but you did a great job.

Been doing and still ongoing research and glad I stumbled on this video, very informative and real, I currently have a fluval filter and will be swapping that around as the explanation in this video makes so much sense with the filtration of water in these cannister's, thank you

You are the man. Thank you for teaching us how things work in having an aquarium.

Liked and shared the great Guru's knowledge to my discus group. Love your work and I always learn something new each time. Thanks mate!

I really learned a lot from this video. I have a larger tank I will be needing to filter and now with this imformation in hand I know I will have a great trouble free set up.

Hey bud love the videos keep them coming very very helpful and your right no one is talking about this..This should be one of main topics we talk about

Spot on my friend....just getting around to viewing all of your videos. Haven't found anything yet that would be detrimental to the hobby. Only wish some of your products were readily available here across the big pond.

This is a great and informative video. Right now I will buy this filter along with another filter and set up the way you have prescribed for my 125 tank.

It's the best use of my time in month. My fluval 406 with their recommended setup never worked in my 55 gal. The tank was a community one with tetras, corys and angles about 15 fish total. I always had problems with nitrites and nitrates. Thx so much for your talk and explanations why.