Once upon a time, the streets of cities were lit with oil lamps, and people moved in carriages pulled by horses. Could high technology exist at that time? Let's look at some amazing examples. And, according to tradition, at the end of the video will be a special bonus. So, let's begin.
In 1856, one Giovanni Caselli suddenly invents a mysterious device-pantelegraph. We briefly talked about it in this issue:
• ФАНТАСТИЧЕСКИЕ АВТОМОБ...
In fact, it is worth looking at more closely.
This miracle of technology was designed to send static images using signals over long distances. The device was able to scan images, generate on its basis a chain of electrical signals and transmit the picture to the second subscriber.
The second machine received electrical signals and converted them into a static image on a sheet of paper. At that time existing Telegraph communication lines were used to transmit information. This technology quickly became widespread. And after 10 years, all the major cities of Europe, the island of Britain and Russia formed a single network, by means of which it was possible to transmit a static image, similar to modern faxes.
But the fact is that the identity of the inventor of the pantelegraph Giovanni Caselli raises a lot of questions. It is not clear whether he was a monk or a Professor of physics. There are in his biography very mysterious and inexplicable events. In his youth he lived in the village and studied Church Sciences, preparing himself for service in the Church. In 1836, Caselli became a Catholic priest. He had nothing to do with physics, and spent the next decade in Church service. And suddenly suddenly in 1849 year no one unknown priest Caselli suddenly receives office Professor physics in Florentine University. And then the fun begins. According to the official version of his biography, he began to study physics and other exact Sciences only after he took the post of Professor. And his teacher and mentor was the famous experimental physicist of his time Leopoldo Nobili. It turns out a very interesting picture - a Professor of physics, who was actually an Abbot, that is, the Abbot of the monastery, receives the title and high position at the University in advance, and to justify the trust, must learn from the famous experimental physicist. But here's the trouble. With mentor and teacher, too, not all smoothly.
Leopoldo Nobili was indeed a successful physicist, and could indeed teach at the University of Florence. But only until 1835. Why only until 1835? Because that was the year Leopoldo Nobili died. It turns out that he could not meet Caselli and teach him in 1849.
Perhaps, in this history there is no mystery and all of this speculation and mistakes biographers Giovanni Caselli.
But one fact of the story remains undeniable-scanning and image transmission technology, similar to the technology we use now to transmit signals on the Internet, existed before the very first wired phone. The pantelegraph apparatus was publicly demonstrated to Napoleon III in 1856, in 1861 the apparatus was patented in France and America. There are even numbers of patents No. 2532 and No. 37563. Later similar patents were obtained in Italy and tsarist Russia.
But that's not all.
The pantelegraph was not the only invention of the period capable of transmitting graphic information over long distances. In Germany, in 1884, the German engineer Paul Nipkov patents a device capable of Telegraph communication channels using electrical impulses to transmit moving pictures. And this is not a static image on a sheet of paper, but a live dynamic projection. The device could scan and project the image in real time. It was a rotating disk with holes of the same diameter, located at an equal angular distance from each other. An optical lens projected an image onto a moving disk.
As a result, it was possible to see the original image reproduced line by line, in other words, the device allowed to transmit the video image over the wires from subscriber to subscriber in real time. Of course, the quality of the black - and-white picture was far from perfect, and such a system recognized a maximum of 200 lines, but this is enough to get a more or less clear image.
That's such a fantastic for its time, the video recording system was created even before the lumière brothers showed the world the wonders of cinema. Now this device is nice to call the nipkov disk or nipkov TV.
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technology #19 #century
26 сен 2024
