Master cylinder in an automobile braking system is a hydraulic device in which cylinder and one or two pistons are arranged in such a manner that the mechanical force applied by the driver of a vehicle either by brake pedal (in cars) or by brake lever (in bikes) is converted into hydraulic pressure which in turn transferred to the brake calliper for braking.
On the basis of its construction and application brake master cylinders are of 2 types that are-
1. Single Circuit Master Cylinder
It is the simple type of master cylinder just like a medical syringe, in this type of master cylinder single piston inside a cylinder is used to cause braking.
Single circuit m c (master cylinder) distributes equal force in all the wheels due to the use of single cylinder single piston or circuit.
This type of master cylinder is commonly used in many 2 wheelers and some light weight 4 wheelers.
2. Tandem Master Cylinder or Dual Circuit Master Cylinder
It is the modified type of m c in which dual cylinder-dual piston or single cylinder dual piston along with dual circuit is used for independent braking between front and rear wheels.
This type of master cylinder is used in almost all cars as it is more efficient than single circuit m c.
It provides the independency between front and rear wheels braking or diagonal type of braking which is the important safety feature for a vehicle.
Working :
Single Circuit Master Cylinder
In single circuit master cylinder when brake pedal is not pressed i.e. non actuation position the piston remains at its original position which in turn closes the inlet valve of the reservoir due to which there is no incoming of brake fluid takes place between reservoir to compression chamber.
When brake pedal is pressed i.e. actuated position, the piston which is connected to the brake pedal through connecting rod moves which in turn opens the inlet valve due to which incoming of brake fluid from reservoir to compression chamber takes place.
This brake fluid inside the compression chamber is compressed due to the movement of piston inside the cylinder just like the medical syringe.
After compression up to a certain pressure the outlet valve opens and this highly compressed brake fluid is further transferred to the brake lines for further brake actuation.
Tandem Master Cylinder
The working of tandem master cylinder is 70% same as the single circuit m c but in this type 2 independent circuits of braking is used let see how its work-
When brake pedal is not actuated, the piston remains at their original place, closing the inlet valve of both the compression chambers, which in turn cuts the incoming of brake fluid between both the reservoir or both the reservoir chambers.
When the brake pedal is actuated, at first the primary piston moves due to which opening of primary inlet valve takes place.
Initially due to the movement of primary piston compression of the brake fluid inside primary chamber takes place.
After completion of the compression in primary chamber primary outlet valve opens up and this compressed brake fluid is further sent to brake callipers through brake lines and actuation of the primary circuit brakes take place.
After the completion of the primary piston movement i.e. at its extreme end, the secondary piston starts moving because of the force applied by the primary piston’s spring which in turn opens the secondary valve and incoming of brake fluid from secondary reservoir to secondary compression chamber takes place.
This brake fluid is then compressed and after complete compression secondary outlet opens up and this highly compressed fluid is sent to the brake callipers through brake lines and actuation of the secondary circuit brakes take place.
#MasterCylinder #TandemCylinder
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21 авг 2024
