You Will Get This Wrong Every Time-Balloons With a Memory (Elastic Hysteresis)! 

I should also mention that the "memory" I am talking about here is not the permanent deformation that you get from stretching out a balloon for the first time. The type I am showing is totally repeatable every time you blow up a balloon. Notice how the latex band went back to its original position so it was not permanently deformed.

6:32 "And then here's what happens if you keep blowing up the balloon" I was half-expecting you'd literally keep going until it popped in your face.

"Okay, what's your guess?" "I bet it will get smaller" "Okay, give me a min to blow more air into it and then release it, so we can see what will happen" "Sure thing, nothing suspicious about that"

Robin: "Why does it work?" Batman: "Because science!"

The problem is they didn’t give me my money.

Man, i learn so much from this channel! Thank you!

i've discovered something incredible. 6:45 as the volume of the baloon increases, the volume of my headphones decreases

This really "blows" me away...

Now I'm thinking if there's any difference between pumping car tires right away to the required pressure vs. pumping above the required pressure first, then release some air to meet the required pressure.

So to recap. Balloon 🎈 is difficult to blow up in the beginning. Everybody should know that. This increases pressure until the balloon 🎈 suddenly start to expand making the pressure go down. When releasing pressure same happens just reverse. The interesting 🤔 part is that if the two balloons 🎈 both are beyond this point then the pressure is the same inside and nothing happens. If one balloon 🎈 is below its “I don’t a want to be inflated point” then it will release its air into the other. Right?

Action Lab taught me the art of the Hustle 💰💰

@The Action Lab: I can help describe what you are seeing with the stress/strain curve a little bit better - including the why the release at the end acts like it does (I have a Masters in Mechanical Engineering). The first part of the curve (before the first peak) is the “elastic section.” While you are blowing up the balloon here, the balloon’s deformation is completely elastic and should always return to its original state. Interestingly enough, you can actually predict the exact slope of this line with some simple material properties. If you let the air out before reaching the peak, it will follow this exact line back. It will continue to expand elastically until it reaches the first peak - or “Yield Stress” at which the balloon’s plastic will yield, and start to permanently deform. At this point, you have started to permanently alter the bonds of the rubber, and so the rubber becomes weaker, allowing the balloon to continue to expand, even at a lower pressure. As you continue to inflate, the pressure required will start to rise. You are correct in saying that the balloon will not expand much more at this point. At a certain point, it would, of course, go past its limit and pop. Now, for when you let the air out and release the pressure: Despite all of the permanent (plastic) deformation, the material is still elastic, and still has similar elastic properties, despite the massive deformation. Therefore when you let the air out, it will still being to return to its original shape BUT ONLY the amount within its elastic region. Any deformation that occurred after the point that the material yielded (changing from elastic deformation to plastic deformation) is permanent. The curve will then follow roughly the same slope as the original line back, because it is returning from its elastic deformation. Therefore, it will form a line parallel-ish (theory vs actuality) to the elastic region, but start from where the permanent/plastic deformation ended. Great video! This is really cool stuff!

You must be fun at parties.

A youtuber with brain, thank God hahaha ❤ I watch every video, love you

this nerd deserves more subscribers, honestly.

I think it would be informative to check the pressure again with the probe further into the balloon and with the flow rate decreased. That fast flow of air out with the probe near the neck of the balloon is going to result in a lower pressure because fluid flow causes decreased pressure. It seemed like you were attributing that pressure drop solely to the elastic of the balloon. Perhaps you could make a disk with two holes, one for the pressure probe, and one to let air out. If the probe is deep in the balloon and you get nice laminar flow when you release the air, the probe should be mostly unaffected by the effect of flowing fluid showing a decreased pressure, as in the video that probe was definitely seeing a lot of turbulent flow.

Please put bubble wrap in vacuume chamber

7:05 One of the scariest things in the first world. 😁

3:40 Damn, Thought you were going to do some Bottle Flipping trick shots!

Everything is great except when you say pressure in pounds per square inches 🙂

I must say, I would have never guessed this! Good thing I didn't do one of my before video predictions lol. Just a nice reminder that you need to actually do the experiment before saying what will happen. I would have told someone that the pressure will always increase due to the increased tensional forces. Great video!

Awesome video! But also something you kind of know in the back of your head if you have blown up balloons: it’s hard to get started, but once you get past a certain point it gets easier. Would love to see a follow up video from some polymer scientist explaining what happens on a molecular level.

Good job. The correct pronunciation is: hista-reesis.

Guess we need to change the saying, "Is the balloon half full or half empty."

This particular physics also saved the lives of many babies apart from winning bets apparently. Vid by MinuteEarth ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-CJQlgrlB29M.html

7:45 *elastomer. Rigid bodies are more elastic, for example steel is more elastic than rubber!! Elastomers are material which can be stretched a lot from a given force.

You're wrong I got it right in the second time I saw it!

The hint was actually helpful! I guessed it would decrease in size because that seemed counterintuitive

Gave me serious anxiety when you kept blowing that balloon up… ☹️

You’re always patient with explaining your works. Sometimes your explanations take long because just like this video, what seems simple to people actually involves some beautiful traits of nature like Hysteria. But you are always able to explain it to a non-scientist people like us because you don’t skip details. You’re the science teacher I needed in high school. I like your channel.

I have a different perspective as why this happens. It's simple when initially you blow up the balloon the rubber is not yet stretched so it requires more force/pressure to blow up the balloon. As the balloon fills with air the rubber stretches and becomes thinner so the pressure falls. Than it reaches its max stretch and the pressure strats to build up again. So in my opinion if you choose a balloon from the first state (initial infation) or last state (max stretch) and connect it with a balloon from state two (rubber is thin but not at the limit) you will always get the same results I don't think this happens because of hysteresis. Let's have a discussion here 😊

You might be my favorite science RU-vidr 1 Consistent 2 Concise yet coherent 3 I now know a fun party trick

Thanks for your channel man, you’re my favorite youtuber! All your videos are brilliant and interesting!!!

Wow! Never knew balloons were so smart! 😂

3:23 oh I 'member edit: anyone got the reference?

...Osmosis ...now tell us about the smeared out density of matter, Mr. Science

Appears that the latex string didn't remember where it was earlier!😂😂🤣🤣

I would like to add the reason why the balloon loses elasticity when inflating. When you first have the uninflated balloon, the moleculair chains are oriented like spaghetti in a bowl, twisted in eachother with no order. When you inflate the balloon, the moleculair chains get stretched untill they lie straight. During the straightening the elasticity is high (which you can see in the part just after the spyke in the graph). After that the moleculair chains are straight and then you are actually trying to pull the molecules apart. The moleculair bounds are much more rigid and thus the elasticity goes down and the volume doesnt increase as much anymore and thus the pressure goes up more quickly. As demonstrated with the elastic band and waterbottle experiment, when you relax the plastic afterwards the elasticity of the moleculair chains is pulling the plastic back into shape but that elasticity is lower because the chains dont go back to the chaos spaghetti orientation. And thus the weights arent pulled as far back as they stretched. When you deflate the balloon and leave it alone for a while the chains will become loose and relaxed again and so it will behave again like I described in the beginning after a while. Btw, Sorry for my English and I hope my story made sense XD English is not my first language :)

5:20 dont waste time

The age old question - "How to scam people with balloons?", finally got its answer.

You are pronouncing hysteresis incorrectly. The E before sis is a long EEEEE. Its like History Sis.

It actually makes total sense. If you try to fill up a baloon yourself, you'll realize that the first "push" is actually the hardest one, but once it's pushed through, it gets a lot easier to fill the rest of it up. Then if you keep pushing it gets harder each time. Makes total sense and also the baloon gets hotter when you fill it up so the thermal energy makes sense too

Could have said every bit of this with.. "it stretches the rubber"

Totally makes sense, balloons are hard to blow up at first but as soon as it starts to stretch, it gets easy. Not actually that surprising but very interesting!

I got that straight away, intuitively. Think I have had too much experience with NOS balloons xD

Wow! I am watching this video about one year later and you now have 1.5M subscribers. You gained 1M subscribers in one year, that's awesome! Keep up the good videos.

Same question was asked in IIIT UGEE2020 one of famous institute in INDIA

Fun fact: Hysteresis in rubber is one of the main contributors to rolling friction in tires. Steel also has hysteresis, but very, very little, which is one reason train transport is much more fuel efficient than road transport. Also, I've worked with hysteresis in metals and magnetic materials for years, but never heard that pronunciation. I've always heard it pronounced: hi-stə-ˈrē-səs.

7:02 It chapter 2 Flashbacks

From this channel i learned a lots of things ,please make more videos like this

Is it just me I got this in recommendations after 3 years

Wow. Despite being an engineer I failed this test. What a shame ! Kudos to you, Man !!👌 It solidified my concept of hysteresis too.

Our physics teacher did this on the first day... everyone thought wrong! It is because the elasticity in the green one is more forceful, and closer to being normal, so it pushes the air to the other one, which is already blown up a lot, so no resistance holding it back from going in there

This was amazing! When I tried to work it out before getting the answer, the piece missing was the elastic hysteresis. So cool!

Can I still bet on the green baloon and win, with a blue and red one? 🤔

"It's not a trick. It's science" **explains the science so you know how to do the trick**

Very good video, lots of interesting information that I could do better off with knowing

Very Interesting! I didn't realize how much hysteresis rubber has! I'd like to see how the pressure changes the second, third, and fourth time you blow up the same balloon!

I got $25 ...😂😂😂

A latex balloon will equalize at atmospheric pressure in the location (and temperature) you are at. This is because the balloon expands until the pressure inside and outside equalize for any given volume of air in the balloon. During the initial stage of inflating the balloon, the rubber is thicker so it takes more pressure to get it to expand. Once you cause the rubber to get past its initial breakdown stage, pressure equalizes. Future inflations will show a much smaller spike at the beginning and be easier to inflate. If you inflate one balloon all the way and inflate the other balloon to 75% of the full balloon, the amount of air movement should be minimal, especially if you let the balloon sit for any length of time (this allows the rubber to fully stretch and the pressure to equalize). This is different for rigid or semi rigid objects that we attempt to pressurize, like car tires. The rubber in car tires does not have very much stretch at all so as you add air, there is no chance for the material to expand until equalization. Same happens when you pump a gas into a metal container.

I LOVE DIS im really into physics! my dad had a professer that teached physics and still does. Im 10 and im going and learning from that professer every week! its fun!

GREAT VID !! I strong suspected right away the balloon of different sizes would have same internal pressure because the larger volume does not mean larger pressure. Sure the overall surface area pressure added up is larger, but then, it's over a larger area ! I think the blowing-up-spike is related to the wall being thicker when it's smaller..it takes more 'overpressure' to stretch it to thinner, but that amount required decreases as it gets larger (thinner). But you're not measuring flow which is increasing sorta as a ballon '2x' big will have like 4x volume or something conceptually (I forget the formulas). So I'm blown away by the 2 difference scenarios, and that thing 'memory' (elastic hysteresis) I will have to study that for a long time to get and intuitive grasp! I'm not a human calculator nor do I use formulas, because I'm not required to, lol, But, like many of us, I love to form mental models of behaviors that are pretty good. I think maybe if you stopped in the middle of the initial inflate effort it would not stay at that spike pressure but drop to an intermediate pressure? Kinda like conceptually 'stretch inertial' but that's maybe too loose a way to use the term inertial. It would be interesting and informative to do test inside a vacuum. That would take less pressure of course, but I'm curious if there would be any differences in the overall basic behavior. I think this would be different with different materials? Like metal springs?

Nice

Presumably each time you inflate a balloon to a given size it will always contain the same pressure, but if you deflate the balloon to a given size then the pressure will vary depending on how far it was inflated first? So by inflating to varying sizes then deflating you could create a row of balloons all the same size but containing different pressures or a row of balloons that all contained the same pressure but are different sizes. Is it then possible to set up two balloons that are different sizes but contain the same pressure but with the smaller one inside the bigger one, and if you could do that then the pressure on the inside and outside of the smaller balloon would be the same so would the balloon still be stretched? Also, if after the initial blip in pressure the pressure drops whether you inflate the balloon further or deflate it, what happens if you keep partially deflating and re-inflating over and over? I can’t imagine the pressure could go negative or even down to zero and the balloon still be inflated, so does the pressure actually asymptotically approach to some fixed minimum level where you can inflate and deflate and the pressure actually becomes constant? After a single inflation and deflation does the pressure approach this same value and then reach a point where the behaviour changes and it drops back to zero more quickly in a counterpart of the blip when you start to inflate?

Had I the memory of a baloon........

The reason why the pressure has that initial spike is because at first the balloon doesn't change size. It will only start to actually grow in size once you have put in enough air to overcome its resistance to being deformed. Once it started to expand, there's more space for the air, so pressure drops significantly until you get close to its stretching limit, then pressure starts going up again. (It's similar to the difference between static friction and kinetic friction. You need to overcome static friction in order to get an object moving, but once it moves, you only need to overcome kinetic friction to keep it moving.)

They may both be smart, but NEITHER of them could spell the word BALLOON!!!

At 4:48 I noticed something interesting. On the return journey of the latex band, it actually follows Kx=Mg equation. Notice how the green separations almost divide the 0 to 3 region in 3 equal parts (within the errors of measurement)

You- "I wrote a little program for my pressure measuring machine" Me....I can't even write a thank you card :/

Well, u have 2M now, good job, love ur videos and keep up the good work

Put hydrogen peroxide in a vacuum chamber!

If I had only single teacher in my school just like you, I would have been somewhere in my life dude. Asking questions was a crime in my school, n teachers were doing there jobs just for money. Just because of them, i’m a big failure today. And here you are…sharing all your knowledge just for free… God bless you, and a big salute for the nation you were born in.

"This should be really weird to you..." Nope. I mean, the balloon gets bigger. It can't have more pressure while expanding, that's not how density works. Nice try though.

3:22 Actually (my hypothesis is if you did this) because you were actively releasing air 2 of the 3 forces maintaining the air pressure we're unbalanced to the other force. (The forces being how hard the rubber is squeezing the fluid / air inside, the outside pressure, and the internal pressure. The unbalanced forces BTW are the first 2 in the list.) This means that the pressure would be lower because the air inside couldn't push back as hard. If you stopped letting out the air the pressure would go to what it would be if during deflation it reversed on the curve (of pressure on the graph) we saw when filling the balloon, because the forces maintaining the pressure would be the same.

I lost 20$ :/

Here's an idea: Design an experiment with two gases of different densities and different colors. Might be fun, clickbaity, and educational...

You said I was wrong, but I'm right.

Would be interesting to do a related study where you inflate a balloon then let it fly around. As I recall, you can hear the air rush out the fastest when the balloon is almost empty, WHY? As the balloon gets smaller there is less wind resistance which should cause it to fly faster, but I suspect there is also more propulsion near the end. Perhaps part B of this experiment is to hold the balloon in a manner that measures the force of propulsion vs time.

We call it plastic and elastic deformation

Awesome. May be we should use these models to explain the galactic rotation anomaly.

Hello I love ur vids btw thank u for liking my comment on ur other video about what happens to ivory soap in the worlds first vacuum chamber microwave

James, in all my classes in engineering , the word was pronounced, his-ter-eee-sis . I love this channel .

Vary cool

Hysteria... the balloon remembers.. omg.. the balloon screams.. pay back by 20 dollars

Starts 5:00

I recently learnt about conduction hysteresis in a gas discharge tube while building a distortion element with a neon lamp

Science is a field of study. It's not the reality of how things work. This isn't because of science, it's because it's just how it works. Science figured it out, but it happening has nothing to do with science. This is how you tell when someone holds modern science as their religion.

Very interesting. The slingshotchannel and smartereveryday did a collaboration video a few years ago where they explained that if you tension a slingshot and then immediately fire it you get more power then you do if you tension it and then pause before firing as some of the potential energy is lost to heat in the later example.

Please cut the cheesey music. We cannot hear what you are saying

Green balloon will get smaller, filling the red one even more. I remember having this in an old science kit when I was a kid. The explanation was that because the walls of the smaller balloon are thicker, they are stronger at pushing the air out than the big one with thin walls. It's the same principal as why it's harder to start inflating a balloon, but it gets easier with each puff you put in.

I often wondered as a child why it was difficult to start inflating a ballon to start with then after a small inflation it became easier, that experiment explains it. 👍🏻

Idk why but I always know what would happen but simplified. I knew the green balloon would push the air to the red ones because I used to get a hard time blowing them up as a kid. it'll always come to that spot when I just sometimes give up lol

Your videos are so cool that i can’t stop watching them. İ mean wo doesn’t like sience! ( if you don’t like sience why are you even watching this video )

The surface area of a balloon goes up, so even though the rubber is more stretched and would require more force to keep it there, the overall pressure goes down. But it is also true that a balloon doesn't "spring back" with as much force as it took to stretch it.

I ♡ science Cuz I wanna be a doctor when I grow up...I'm only 12 😞

This is a very good representation of how a hysteresis acts in real life. You have a talent in visualizing things with easy experiments everyone can understand.

A newborn's lungs sorta do the same thing when they're born. It's pretty cool

This was an awesome video! I had no idea baloons acted like that. I almost always learn something on your cahnnel.

I have a question: when you showed the example of the bucket hanging from a rubber band you showed the hysteresis when taking off the weight previously added. In measuring the pressure in the balloon when it deflates you see it just goes down instead of showing the same behavior as when inflated. So the question is: isn't this because we are not measuring the balloon itself (it's material) but what happens inside and when you let go of the closure the system is no longer a closed one? Sorry for my poor english and thank you so much for this absolutely fantastic channel!!

congratulations on the 500,000 subs! way to go!