This is the best biology video ive ever seen in my whole entire life. I dont know how much to thank you. This video saved my life bro. tmr i got a biology exam and my book doesnt explain glycolysis very well but this video.. *chef's kiss*
Thank you for this video! I have an end of year test for science with these variables and my teacher could never explain something like this, let alone in 2 minutes! Thank you!! This video is a lifesaver!!
This helped me a lot! I am in 6th grade and yesterday my teacher told me it but I didn't understand. Then I had homework about the independent variables & the dependent variables. And this video helped me out A. LOT. So, Thanks! (AND THIS IS A FREAKIN 2 MINUTE VIDEO AND I UNDERSTOOD IT WELL)😀
Is UAG always a stop codon, most of the case, or just in this case, and it can vary? as well as for AUG, is it always the start codon, or just in this case?
That is not the reason. It’s because the darkness of the water is vast and irresistible. The ship feels the darkness, striving moment by moment to master her and pull her under. But the ship has a secret. For, unlike a stone, her gaze is not downward but up. Fixed upon the light that guides her, whispering of grander things than darkness ever knew.
TCA cycle: Also called Krebs cycle. Pyruvate ➪ acetyl-CoA produces 1 NADH, 1 CO2. The TCA cycle produces 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2, 1 GTP per acetyl-CoA = 10 ATP/acetyl-CoA (2× everything per glucose). TCA cycle reactions occur in the mitochondria. α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex requires the same cofactors as the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (vitamins 🅑︎1 [thiamine, the C-2 of the thiazol ring binds the α-keto group*, deficiency in alcohol toxicity+dry/wet beriberi➪wernicke encephalopathy and korsakoff psychosis], 🅑︎2 [ribo𝗙lavin➪𝗙𝗔𝗗+, deficiency: cheilosis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis], 🅑︎3 [𝗡icotinic acid➪𝗡𝗔𝗗+, can be made from tryptophan. Hartnup disease {neutral amino acid transporter missing in kidney PCT, intestinal enterocyte}➪niacin deficiency➪pellagra {diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death, etc.}], 🅑︎5 [pantothenic acid➪𝗖𝗼𝗔, deficiency: irritability/restlessness], and lipoic acid) Mnemonic: Androgens Created In Gonad1 And Gonad2 Stimulate Growing Spermatozoon Flagellum For Moving Nut/Nucleus Outward. Acetyl-CoA Citrate Isocitrate CO2&NADH αKG CO2&NADH Succinyl-CoA GTP Succinate FADH2 Fumarate Malate NADH OAA Citrate is used for Fatty Acid Synthesis** Succinyl-CoA is used for heme synthesis*** OAA is used for gluconeogenesis**** Glucogenic Amino Acids: AGSCVMPYNQDEHR Ketogenic: KL Both: T(Controversial)IFWY***** Fate of Individual Amino Acids Mnemonic: • Seven to acetyl-CoA - Leu, lle, Thr, Lys, Phe, Tyr, Trp • Six to pyruvate - Ala, Cys, Gly, Ser, Thr, Trp •Five to a-ketoglutarate - Arg, Glu, Gln, His, Pro •Four to succinyl-CoA - lle, Met, Thr, Val • Two to fumarate - Phe, Tyr •Two to oxaloacetate - Asp, Asn Stanford Pathways of Human Metabolism is a comprehensive overview of human metabolism mededucation.stanford.edu/pathways-download/ *reactive C atom with dissociable proton (H+) www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/thiamine-pyrophosphate **Fatty acid synthesis by cells www.researchgate.net/figure/Fatty-acid-synthesis-by-cells-Glucose-glutamine-and-other-substrates-are-precursors_fig1_281410129 ***The Porphyrias - Pathway of Heme Synthesis: The building blocks of heme are succinyl CoA and glycine www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/succinyl-coa#:~:text=Pathway%20of%20Heme%20Synthesis,subunit%20of%20the%20heme%20ring. ****Simplified scheme of gluconeogenesis from malate. www.researchgate.net/figure/Simplified-scheme-of-gluconeogenesis-from-malate-OAA-14-oxaloacetate-PEP-14_fig12_266744277 *****Glucogenic amino acid en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucogenic_amino_acid