Vargas Ivy M. Victoria Cluster BSED-English September 09 2024 Answe: 1. The inclusion adapts the classroom for all student, while mainstreaming accept student with disabilities to adapt to the classroom. Teacher use norm-reference and strengths-based assessment on student in mainstreaming while in inclusion teachers only use norms reference assessment. In mainstreaming student can access inside their classroom and outside with use of resource rooms and therapeutic programs while in inclusion all service are given to the student the general education classroom. 2. Differentiation is a systematic approach to a planning sa curriculum and instruction to the carter to a diverse set of learners and address the variety of needs that the student have to make serve that very student is given opportunities to learn develop use and demonstrate their learning accommodation is a low student to learn a subject in different ways by changing the mood of the delivery of classroom instruction, while modification change what is being taught to student with the child's best interest in mind.
Jelli d. Santos Bsed-Math Socorro Cluster To teach learners self-care, use these approaches: Health Education: Classes on nutrition, exercise, and hygiene. Skills Training: Practical lessons in cooking, stress management, and routines. Self-Reflection: Encourage journaling and discussions about personal needs. Modeling and Mentorship: Demonstrate and guide self-care practices. Technology Integration: Utilize apps and online resources for wellness. Collaborative Learning: Group activities to share self-care strategies. Personalized Learning: Adapt methods to individual needs and preferences. 2.Let's choose handwashing as a self-care skill for a child. Here’s a task analysis to teach this skill: Steps: 1.Prepare: Ensure the child is near a sink with soap and clean water. 2.Turn on the Water: Show the child how to turn on the faucet to get warm water. 3.Wet Hands: Guide the child to place their hands under the running water. 4.Apply Soap: Teach the child to pump or squeeze soap onto their hands. 5.Lather: Instruct the child to rub their hands together to create a lather, covering all parts of their hands including between fingers and under nails. 6.Scrub for 20 Seconds: Explain the importance of scrubbing for at least 20 seconds. You might use a song or timer to make it engaging. 7.Rinse Hands: Show the child how to rinse all the soap off their hands under the running water. 8.Turn Off Water: Teach the child to turn off the faucet. 9.Dry Hands: Provide a clean towel or paper towel for the child to dry their hands thoroughly. Materials: 1.Sink with Faucet: Access to a sink with clean running water. 2.Soap: Liquid or bar soap suitable for children. 3.Timer or Song: For timing the 20-second scrub. 4.Towel or Paper Towels: For drying hands. This step-by-step approach, along with the right materials, will help guide the child through the handwashing process effectively.
Jelli d.Santos BSED-MATH Socorro Cluster 1.Learning disabilities affect specific academic skills like reading, writing, or math, while ADHD impacts attention, focus, and behavior. Learning disabilities are about processing information, while ADHD involves difficulties with self-regulation and staying on task. Both can co-occur but have different effects on learning. 2.For students with difficulty remembering and focusing, the following accommodations can help: Instructional Modifications: Break tasks into smaller steps, provide written notes, and use visual aids. Memory Aids: Use mnemonics, chunk information, and regularly review key points. Focus Enhancements: Provide frequent breaks, use timers, and seat students away from distractions. Assistive Technology: Use reminder apps and focus tools. Testing Accommodations: Offer extended time and quiet environments. Organizational Support: Use daily checklists and color-coded materials for organization.
Jelli d. Santos BSED -MATH Socorro Cluster 1. What accommodations can be given to learners with communication difficulties? 1.Speech and Language Support: Provide speech therapy and use Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) tools like picture boards. 2.Classroom Modifications: Offer extended time, simplified instructions, and allow alternate communication forms (gestures, writing). 3.Visual and Auditory Aids: Use visual supports, assistive listening devices, and speech-to-text technology. 4.Social and Emotional Support: Provide small group instruction, peer support, and teach social communication skills. 5.Assessment Adjustments: Allow oral exams to be substituted with written responses or use recorded answers. 6.Teacher Training: Ensure teachers are trained to implement these strategies and give regular feedback. 2.Choose one types of speech impairments and then describe. Stuttering is a speech impairment where disruptions in speech flow occur, such as repetitions, prolongations, or blocks. It often begins in childhood and can vary in severity. Emotional factors like anxiety can worsen stuttering. The causes are believed to be a mix of genetic, developmental, and neurological factors. Stuttering can impact social interactions and self-esteem, but speech therapy and other treatments can help manage it. 2.
Jellid. Santos BSED -MATH Socorro Cluster In the two video clips i observed that the videos are show their talents in two different ways., I observed a clear focus on recognizing and nurturing the unique abilities of students who excel academically, in sports, or the arts. The videos emphasize the importance of requiring additional attentions with those learners. The teacher guide to use properly and maintain their talents and give their attention to everyone.
Jelli d. Santos BSED-MATH Socorro Cluster 1.Share the various child development theories and discuss each: -Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory: Focuses on how children's thinking evolves in stages (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational). -Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory: Emphasizes the role of social interaction and cultural tools in development. -Erikson's Psychosocial Development: Proposes eight stages, where each stage involves a psychological conflict that must be resolved. -Freud’s Psychosexual Development: Focuses on how personality develops through stages related to sexual energy (oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital). -Bandura’s Social Learning Theory: Suggests that children learn through observation and imitation of others. 2.What are the various child development theories in relation to the different milestones of each stage? This question connects child development theories to developmental milestones. For instance, in Piaget's theory, specific cognitive abilities like object permanence are achieved during the sensorimotor stage, while Erikson's stages (like trust vs. mistrust) align with different emotional and social milestones. 3.Enumerate and discuss the various domains of development:The main domains of child development include: -Cognitive Development: Involves learning, memory, problem-solving, and reasoning. -Physical Development: Includes motor skills, growth in height and weight, and other bodily changes. -Social-Emotional Development: Involves understanding emotions, forming relationships, and developing social skills. -Language Development: Pertains to the development of communication abilities, including speech and comprehension.
Jelli d. Santos BSED-MATH Socorro Cluster The PRE-REFERRAL PROCESSES are (1) PRE-REFERRAL TEAM, (2) NORM- AND CRITERION-REFERENCED TESTS, and (3) COMMUNITY-BASED SCREENING. The STRATEGIES USED IN PRE-REFERRAL are (1) OBSERVATIONS OF THE CHILD'S BEHAVIOR (2) INTERACTIONS WITH OARENTS (3) INTERVIEW OF PARENTS AND TEACHERS TO GATHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE CHILD (4) PREVIEW OF SCHOOL RECORDS (5) ANALYSIS OF THE CHILD'S ACADEMIC OUTPUT THROUGH ERROR ANALYSIS. 2. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT (1) Norm-Referenced Tests (2) Criterion-Referenced Tests (3) Informal Assessment (4) Authentic Assessment 3.The accommodation differ from modification through supporting and helps the learning or every student with disabilities, because the accommodation are supports provided to students to help gain full access to class content and instruction, without altering the curriculum standards and competencies expected and to demonstrate accurately what they. In general education, accommodation provide classroom for children with disabilities, barriers are removed from accessing education that’s why children can work around the effect of their disabilities. Nevertheless, modifications are provided for students with significant or severe disabilities where content are altered, and the performance outcomes are changed in relation to what are expected of the same age, that’s why if the instruction and assessment are modified, a student with disability is still given the right to access the same learning opportunities as other students in the general education class, but the tasks are more respectful and appropriate to the student’s abilities and needs. 4.Parents of disabled children should be involved in the planning and decision-making process because they are the primary caregivers and have a direct influence on their children.
Mecaella Velasco Wewi BSED ENGLISH Pola cluster 1. What are the different processes as well as strategies used in the pre-referral in an inclusive school? The pre-referral process in an inclusive school aims to identify and address the needs of students who might be struggling before referring them for special education services. This process typically involves several stages, including initial concern, information gathering, team discussion, strategy development, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Strategies used during pre-referral might include teacher consultation, curriculum-based assessments, instructional modifications, and parent involvement. 2. What are the different assessment methods and tools used to identify the strengths, abilities, needs and placement of children with disabilities? A variety of assessment methods and tools are used to understand the strengths, needs, and abilities of children with disabilities. These include observational assessments, standardized testing, adaptive behavior scales, parent and teacher interviews, functional behavior assessments, and individualized education program (IEP) meetings. The goal is to gather comprehensive information to create a personalized plan that supports the child's individual needs and promotes their success. 3. How are accommodations different from modifications? Accommodations adjust how a student learns the material, but they don't change what the student is expected to learn. Modifications, on the other hand, change what the student is taught or expected to learn. For example, an accommodation might be providing a student with extra time to complete an assignment, while a modification might involve simplifying the assignment or reducing the number of questions. 4. Why should parents of children with disabilities be involved in the process of planning and decision making? Parents are crucial partners in the education of their children with disabilities. They have a unique understanding of their child's strengths, needs, and preferences, and their involvement ensures that the educational plan is aligned with the child's individual goals and aspirations. Parents also have the right to be informed and involved in all decisions related to their child's education, and their input is essential for ensuring that their child receives a free and appropriate public education
MICHAELA R. WAOI BSED English - VICTORIA Cluster ANSWERS: 1. In an inclusive school, pre-referral involves observing students, implementing targeted interventions, and collaborating with teachers and parents to address learning issues before formal assessments. Strategies include differentiated instruction and classroom accommodations to support student success in the general education setting. 2. Assessing children with disabilities involves using standardized tests, observations, portfolio reviews, and interviews with parents and teachers. Behavioral assessments and developmental checklists help create a detailed profile to guide appropriate support and placement. 3. Accommodations change how a student learns, like extra time on tests or special tools, while modifications change what a student is expected to learn, like simplifying assignments or lowering the difficulty. 4. Parents should be involved in planning for their child with disabilities because they know their child best and can provide important insights. Their input ensures that the support is tailored to their child's needs and helps create a better plan for success at school and home.
MICHAELA R. WAOI BSED English - VICTORIA Cluster ANSWERS: 1. Mainstreaming puts students with disabilities in regular classrooms only if they can keep up, often with minimal changes and some services outside the classroom. Inclusion, however, keeps all students in regular classrooms, adjusting teaching and support to meet everyone’s needs. Mainstreaming is selective, while inclusion includes everyone from the start. 2. Differentiation means changing how you teach to help all students learn. Accommodations adjust how students access learning (like giving extra time), while modifications change what students are expected to learn (like easier assignments). Use accommodations to help students meet the same goals, and modifications when goals need to be adjusted for their abilities.
MICHAELA R. WAOI BSED English - VICTORIA Cluster ANSWERS: 1. The different Models of Disability are the following: Medical Model - Views disability as a problem within the individual that needs treatment or correction. Social Model - Sees disability as a result of societal barriers and attitudes, rather than the individual's impairments. Biopsychosocial Model - Combines both medical and social aspects, considering how biological, psychological, and social factors interact to define disability. 2. Impairments refer to physical or mental conditions that limit a person's abilities. Disabilities occur when society fails to accommodate these impairments, leading to barriers in daily life. 3. Special needs education focuses on teaching students with disabilities in separate environments, tailored to their needs. Inclusive education, on the other hand, aims to integrate all students, regardless of ability, into mainstream classrooms with appropriate support. 4. International Treaties on Inclusive Education: Key treaties include the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which promotes inclusive education as a right, and the **Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)**, which emphasizes the right to education for all children, including those with disabilities.
Jelli d. Santos BSED-MATH Socorro Cluster 1.What do you think is the best placement for him? The best placement is one that balances the student’s needs with the appropriate level of support, ensuring they can thrive academically, socially, and emotionally while being integrated into the least restrictive environment possible. 2.If he stays in his current school, what support does he need to meet the academic expectations? To help the student meet academic expectations while staying in their current school, provide:Individualized Instruction: Tailored lessons and assignments.Accommodations: Adjustments like extended test time and alternative formats.Additional Resources: Tutoring and specialized materials.Regular Feedback: Frequent and constructive guidance.Support Services: Access to counseling, special education, or therapy.Collaborative Support: Coordination with educators, special staff, and parents.Goal Setting and Monitoring: Clear goals and regular progress checks.These supports aim to address the student’s needs and help them succeed academically. 3.Should he be puiled out of the school and study Special Education?. If the current school cannot meet the student’s needs despite reasonable accommodations and supports, and if a special education setting offers a better fit for their learning requirements and overall well-being, then considering a move to special education might be appropriate.
Jelli d. Santos BSED-MATH Socorro Cluster 1.What is the difference between mainstreaming and inclusions? Mainstreaming places students with disabilities into regular classes for part of the day but may involve separate settings for other parts. Inclusion ensures that students with disabilities are fully integrated into general education classrooms with necessary supports and adaptations. 2.What is differention? Differentiation aims to address individual learning needs by modifying content, processes, products, and the learning environment to provide all students with an equitable opportunity to succeed. 3.How different are accomodation from modification? Accommodations help students access the same content and meet the same standards as their peers. Modifications change the content or standards to make learning more achievable for students. 4.When we should we accomodate and when we modify? Accommodate when you want to ensure equal access to the same content and standards. Modify when you need to adjust the content or expectations to align with the individual's abilities.
Jelli d. Santos BSED-MATH Socorro Cluster 1. What are the different models of disability? How would each define disability? Some common models include: - Medical Model: Views disability as a medical condition that needs to be cured or treated. - Social Model: Views disability as a result of societal barriers and discrimination. - Disability Studies Model: Focuses on the lived experiences of disabled people and challenges the dominant medical and social models. 2. How are impairments different from disabilities? - Impairment: Refers to a physical or mental condition that limits a person's ability to perform a particular function. - Disability: Refers to the social and environmental barriers that prevent individuals with impairments from 0:43 participating in society. 3. What is special needs education? How different is it from inclusive education? - Special Needs Education: Typically involves providing separate educational programs and services for students with disabilities. - Inclusive Education: Advocates for the integration of all students, regardless of their disabilities, into mainstream classrooms and learning environments. 4. Which international treaties are directly involved in the pursuit of inclusive education? - The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD): This treaty, ratified by over 180 countries, promotes the rights and equality of persons with disabilities, including the right to inclusive education. - The Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs Education: This statement, adopted by UNESCO in 1994, emphasizes the importance of inclusive education for all students, including those with disabilities.
Catherine A. Aberte Socorro Cluster 1. Educational approaches to teach learners self-care can encompass a variety of methods and strategies. One effective approach is experiential learning, which allows students to engage in hands-on activities that promote self-care practices. This can include workshops on stress management techniques, nutrition, and physical fitness, where learners can practice these skills in a supportive environment. 2. The self-care skill chosen is brushing teeth, with a task analysis involving steps such as gathering materials, applying toothpaste, brushing, rinsing, cleaning the toothbrush, and wiping the mouth.
Catherine A. Aberte Socorro Cluster 1. While both conditions can impact learning and academic success, the key difference lies in their nature and symptoms. A person with a learning disability may excel in attention and behavior but struggle with specific academic skills, whereas a person with ADHD may have difficulty maintaining attention across all tasks, regardless of the subject matter. Additionally, learning disabilities are often identified through academic performance discrepancies, while ADHD is diagnosed based on behavioral assessments and reports from parents and teachers regarding attention and activity levels. 2. To support students who struggle with memory and attention, several accommodations can be implemented. First, providing structured and organized materials can help these students focus better. This includes using visual aids, outlines, and graphic organizers that break down information into manageable parts. Such tools can enhance comprehension and retention by visually representing relationships between concepts.
Heizelle Anne B. Bernardo Socorro Cluster Answer: 1. Educational Approaches to Teach Learners Self-Care: To teach self-care skills, it’s important to use hands-on, step-by-step teaching methods. Visual aids like pictures or videos can be very helpful. Modeling, where the teacher demonstrates the skill first and then the student practices it, is another effective approach. Breaking tasks into smaller steps and using repetition helps the learner gradually build confidence. Positive reinforcement, praising progress, encourages them to keep trying and improve. It’s also important to make learning fun and engaging so that the student remains interested in the process. 2. Task Analysis for Teaching a Self-Care Skill: Self-Care Skill: Brushing Teeth Steps: 1) Gather toothbrush, toothpaste, cup, and water. 2) Squeeze a pea-sized amount of toothpaste onto the toothbrush. 3) Turn on the faucet and rinse the toothbrush with water. 4) Start brushing the top teeth in circular motions for 30 seconds. 5) Brush the bottom teeth for 30 seconds. 6) Brush the front teeth and behind them for another 30 seconds. 7) Spit out the toothpaste into the sink. 8) Rinse mouth with water and spit. 9) Rinse the toothbrush with water. 10) Dry your mouth and put the toothbrush back in its place. Materials: Toothbrush Toothpaste Cup (for rinsing) Water source (sink)
Heizelle Anne B. Bernardo Socorro Cluster 1. A learning disability (LD) affects a person’s ability to read, write, or do math despite normal intelligence. It's not about a lack of effort but rather about how their brain processes information. ADHD, on the other hand, is a condition that impacts attention, focus, and impulse control. People with ADHD may be easily distracted, hyperactive, or have trouble staying organized, but they don’t necessarily have issues with learning specific subjects. 2. For students struggling with memory and focus, I’d recommend using accommodations like shorter assignments, frequent breaks, and visual aids. These methods break down tasks into more manageable pieces and help keep their attention. I’d also suggest giving instructions one step at a time and offering extra time for tasks and tests. Using tools like graphic organizers or checklists can also help with memory, keeping them on track without feeling overwhelmed.
Michaela R. Waoi BSED English 1 - Victoria Cluster Answers: 1. I would politely refuse to do what the parent told me to do and explain to him that we have different beliefs and religion and what we need to do is to have respect to each other. 2. I would tell that student to do a different task like helping me to facilitate that game since she wasn't able to participate the game. 3. My decision would be based on their ability to lead and understand their classmate in case they may face problems in becoming the class president.
PMecaella Velasco Wewi P0ola cluster Answer 1. What do you think is the best placement for him? -After reviewing Carl's background and assessment results, I believe the best placement for him would be in a supportive and inclusive environment where he can receive personalized attention and resources to thrive academically. 2. If he stays in his current school, what support does he need to meet academic expectations? - If Carl remains in his current school, he would benefit from additional support such as one-on-one tutoring, a personalized learning plan, and access to specialized resources to help him meet academic expectations and reach his full potential. 3. Should he be pulled out of the school and study in a special school? - While considering all options, including special education schools, it is essential to prioritize Carl's individual needs and provide him with the necessary support and accommodations to ensure his academic success and overall well-being.
Mecaella Velasco Wewi Pola cluster Answer 1. What is the difference between mainstreaming and inclusion? Answer in terms of philosophy, teaching practices, services available, and student placement. -Mainstreaming involves integrating students with special needs into regular classrooms for specific subjects, focusing on academic inclusion, while inclusion emphasizes creating a supportive environment where all students are valued and included in all aspects of school life, promoting social inclusion. Teaching practices in mainstreaming may include pull-out sessions for students with special needs, whereas inclusion encourages collaboration among teachers to meet the diverse needs of all students. Services available in mainstreaming may include resource rooms and support from special education teachers, while inclusion emphasizes adapting the curriculum and classroom environment to support all learners. In terms of student placement, mainstreaming may involve placing students with special needs in regular classrooms part-time, while inclusion advocates for full-time placement in general education classrooms with appropriate support and accommodations. 2. What is differentiation? How different are accommodations from modifications? When should we accommodate and when do we modify? - Differentiation is the practice of modifying instruction, curriculum, and assessment to meet the diverse needs of learners in the classroom, tailoring learning experiences to individual students. Accommodations involve changes in how a student accesses learning material or demonstrates understanding without altering the content, providing support for students to succeed. Modifications, on the other hand, involve altering the content or standards to better suit a student's needs, adjusting the curriculum itself. It is important to accommodate when a student needs support to access learning material without changing the content, and to modify when changes to the curriculum or assessment are necessary for a student to demonstrate their understanding effectively.
Catherine A. Aberte Socorro Cluster 1. Jean Piaget Piaget's theory posits that children progress through four stages of cognitive development Vygotsky emphasized the role of social interaction and culture in cognitive development. John Watson Behaviorists focus on observable behaviors and the ways they are learned through interaction with the environment. John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth Bowlby proposed that early relationships with caregivers form the basis for future emotional and social development. 2. Child development theories provide frameworks for understanding how children grow and develop across various stages. These theories often correlate with developmental milestones, which are the expected skills and behaviors that children typically achieve at certain ages. Below are some prominent theories and their relation to developmental milestones. 3. The various domains of development include cognitive, social, emotional, physical, moral, and language development, each influencing and interacting with one another throughout the self-awareness, and the ability to empathize with others.
Heizelle Anne B. Bernardo Socorro Cluster 1. Learners with communication difficulties often need extra support to help them succeed. Some useful accommodations include: 1. Allowing Extra Time Provide more time for the learner to process and respond to questions or instructions. 2. Using Visual Aids Incorporate pictures, charts, or gestures to support understanding and expression. 3. Simplifying Language Break down complex instructions into smaller, simpler steps. 4. Offering Alternative Communication Methods Encourage the use of tools such as communication boards, sign language, or technology (e.g., speech-to-text apps). 5. Providing Peer Support Pair the learner with a classmate who can assist with communication during group activities. 6. Collaborating with Specialists Work closely with speech therapists to implement personalized strategies tailored to the learner's needs. 2. Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) is a speech problem that causes a person to have trouble speaking smoothly. It often involves repeating sounds (like "b-b-b-book"), stretching out sounds (like "ssssoon"), or having pauses where the person tries to speak but no sound comes out. Sometimes, people who stutter feel tense or frustrated when trying to speak. Stuttering can make it hard for a person to express themselves, especially in stressful situations, but with support and practice, communication can improve over time.
Heizelle Anne B. Bernardo Socorro Cluster BSED English From the two videos about gifted and talented programs in schools, I observed a clear focus on recognizing and nurturing the unique abilities of students who excel academically, in sports, or the arts. Both schools made deliberate efforts to identify these students through assessments and observations, ensuring they received the support they needed to develop their talents. In the first video, I noticed how the school tailored its curriculum to foster higher-order thinking and critical analysis. For example, students engaged in activities like questioning the future of the world or exploring complex historical events like the Spanish Armada. These activities were meant to push gifted students to connect ideas across different subjects, promoting deeper learning. Moreover, the program wasn't just limited to academics; students talented in arts or sports were encouraged to explore those strengths through clubs and enrichment activities. The second video showed a more hands-on approach, particularly with younger students. Even in reception classes, teachers brought together gifted students for focused reading sessions. This approach highlighted the importance of providing tailored instruction, even for very young children, to nurture their early potential. A key observation across both videos was that these programs aimed to raise the overall level of the entire student body, not just the identified gifted and talented pupils. The schools believed that by challenging the most able students, they could inspire others and create a more ambitious and motivated learning environment for all. Overall, these programs demonstrated a strong commitment to ensuring that gifted and talented students were not overlooked, and that they had opportunities to fully develop their abilities in both academic and creative fields.
Angienyl P. Monroyo BSED-English 1E28A/Socorro Cluster Answer: 1.The different processes use in pre-referral are Initial concern, Information Gathering, Monitoring and evaluation, and decision making, and the strategies are Curriculum based assessment, Teacher consultation and parent involvement. By implementing a comprehensive pre-referral process, inclusive schools can provide targeted support to students who need it, fostering a more equitable and effective learning environment for all. 2. In identifying the strengths, abilities, needs, and appropriate placement of children with dis abilities, the used of various assessment methods is crucial. These methods include observation, which involves observing the child in different schools or home situation, along with interviews that entails conversations with parents' teachers, and other professionals gather their observation and information about the child. Embedded in the assessment tools are behavior checklist, assessment tools for specific disabilities, adaptive behavior scales and checklist for developmental milestones. By utilizing different assessment methods and tools, a comprehensive understanding of children with dis abilities can be maintained, leading to appropriate responses and placements that cater to their needs and abilities in education. 3. For me, Accommodation involves support and adjustment in teaching methods and assessment, while modification pertains to changes in the actual content of the curriculum or school activities. Both strategies are important in addressing the needs of students with disabilities in education. 4. The involvement of parents of children with disabilities in the process of planning and decision making is crucial because parents are the primary caregivers and advocates for their children. Parents are also important in identifying the needs of their children; their observation and assessment can provide valuable information to professionals to ensure that the steps taken are aligned with the child needs. This involvement not only leads to better responses to the child's needs but also advocates for more effective and humane education system for their children.
Angienyl P. Monroyo BSED- English 1E28A/ Socorro Cluster Answer: 1. The mainstreaming and inclusion are both important concepts in education system, The choice between the two depends on the individual needs of the students, available resources, and the overall learning environment. The goal is to create an education system that provides support and opportunities for all students to succeed. 2. For me, accommodation and modification are two strategies used to help students learn. The choice between the two depends on the individual needs of the students and educational goals. The aim is to ensure that all students have the opportunity to learn and succeed in their education.
Jeanna Christine Besa Socorro Cluster BSED Math Answer 1. The first child development theory is Psychosocial Theory of Erik Erikson. It is from childhood through maturity. Erikson believed, personality develops in a fixed order through eight phases of psychosocial development. The individual goes through a psychosocial crisis at each level, which can have either a beneficial or bad impact on their personality development. These crises, according to Erikson (1958, 1963), are psychosocial in character since they entail individual psychological demands colliding with societal requirements. According to the theory, completing each step successfully results in the development of a healthy personality and the attainment of basic values. Basic virtues are innate qualities that the ego may draw on to deal with later crises. Next Theory is Cognitive Developmental Theory of Jean Piaget, based on my understanding according to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development; children's intellect evolves through time. A kid's cognitive growth entails more than just collecting information; the youngster must also create or develop a mental picture of the world. Children go through a variety of phases as their cognitive development is influenced by their intrinsic abilities and contextual experiences. Piaget’s stages are sensorimotor stage, Preoperational stage, Concrete Operational stage and Formal Operational stage. Third theory is Sociocultural Theory of Lev Vygotsky, over the last several decades, Lev Vygotsky's work has served as the foundation for most cognitive development research and theory, notably what has come to be known as sociocultural theory. Human development is viewed as a socially mediated process in which children learn cultural values, beliefs, and problem-solving skills through collaborative conversations with more informedmembers of society, according to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. Culture-specific tools, private speech, and the Zone of Proximal Development are all notions in Vygotsky's theory. Last theory is Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura, Albert Bandura's social learning theory highlights the necessity of monitoring, modeling, and mimicking others' behaviors, attitudes, and emotional responses. Environmental and cognitive variables interact to impact human learning and behavior, according to social learning theory. 2. Erikson's theory starts at infancy, when children are in the stage of trust against mistrust. It is critical for children to have regular care at this early period of life so that they may learn to trust the people in their environment. Children's development continues as they grow, and at each stage, they confront new challenges and gain new abilities that will benefit them throughout their lives. In his theory it studies about his stages which are, infant, toddler, pre-schooler, Grade-schooler, Teenager, Young Adult, Middle-age-adult and Older Adult. Jean Piaget created a stage theory of cognitive development, claiming that children thought differently than adults. He was the first to recognize the importance of children's participation in the acquisition of information about the world. Children might be viewed of as "little scientists" who actively develop their knowledge and knowledge of the world, according to his thesis. His 4 stages of development are Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational and Formal operational. 3. The Domains of Development are Physical, Social and Emotional, Language and Cognitive. The Physical Development encompasses the growth of physical changes, such as increased size and strength, and also the improvement of fine and gross motor skills. The physical domain also focuseson the development and application of the sensations. Children are taught how to grasp, release, reach, pinch, and turn their wrist with their fingers in coordination with their eyes when they are young. These small muscle movements may not come naturally at first because they take time to develop. In Social and Emotional Development, A child's increasing comprehension and management of their feelings falls within the social-emotional realm. They also learn to recognize what someone else is feeling, to collaborate, to demonstrate empathy, and to employ moral principles. In addition, the youngster begins to form relationships to people and learns how to communicate with them. They learn how to share, take turns, and tolerate others' differences, for example. They form a variety of connections, ranging from those with their parents and siblings to those with their classmates, educators, trainers, and many in the community. Third is Language Development. It is driven by the concept of other domains of development. Children begin to acquire their capacity to communicate with others as early as infancy3, but at varying rates. Phonology, Pragmatics, Semantics, and Syntax are all aspects of language. Lastly is Cognitive Development. Intellectual growth and creativity are two aspects of the cognitive realm. Kids learn the capacity to think critically, pay attention, form memories, comprehend their environment.
Mary Joy J. Relloso Socorro Cluster BSED/ENGLISH ANSWERS: 1. Based on my own understanding,i think the best placement for Carl is the general education due to the fact that his level of proficiency belong to his level. 2.If Carl stay in his current school the support he need to meet his academic expectations are: *Assign peer buddies teacher assistant *provide cooperative work in a small group. *allow him to read aloud *And also family support 3.For me Carl not be pulled out and study in a special school because his proficiency level is suitable for his grade level. However Carl needs appropriate support and guidance towards in times of his academic difficulties as well as, his progress.
Mary Joy J. Relloso Socorro Cluster BSED/ENGLISH ANSWER: 1.In terms of philosophy,teaching practices,services available and students placement,Mainstreaming is putting your child with special education needs in the general education classroom for some or most of the day. While an inclusion is a general education classroom that has students who receive special education. 2.Differentiation is the process of tailoring lesson to meet each students individuals interest's,needs and strengths. Teaching this way gives students choice and flexibility in how they learn, and helps teachers personalize learning.So an accommodation changes how a student learns the material. While modification changes what a student is taught or expected to learn
Heizelle Anne B. Bernardo Socorro Cluster BSED English 1. The PRE-REFERRAL PROCESSES are (1) PRE-REFERRAL TEAM, (2) NORM- AND CRITERION-REFERENCED TESTS, and (3) COMMUNITY-BASED SCREENING. The STRATEGIES USED IN PRE-REFERRAL are (1) OBSERVATIONS OF THE CHILD'S BEHAVIOR, (2) INTERACTIONS WITH OARENTS, (3) INTERVIEW OF PARENTS AND TEACHERS TO GATHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE CHILD, (4) PREVIEW OF SCHOOL RECORDS, and (5) ANALYSIS OF THE CHILD'S ACADEMIC OUTPUT THROUGH ERROR ANALYSIS. 2. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT (1) Norm-Referenced Tests (2) Criterion-Referenced Tests (3) Informal Assessment (4) Authentic Assessment 3. ACCOMODATIONS are supports provided to students to help gain full access to class content and instruction without altering the curriculum standards and competencies expected and to demonstrate accurately in what they know while MODIFICATIONS are provided for students with significant or severe disabilities where content expectations are altered, and the performance outcomes are changed in relation to what is expected of typically developing students of the same age. Includes changes n instructional level content and performance criteria, as well as the breadth and depth of content being learned by students. 4. Parents play a important role in their child's education. They know their child best and can offer valuable insights into their strengths, challenges, and what works at home. Involving parents in planning ensures that decisions are personalized and meet the child's needs. It also fosters a strong partnership between home and school, ensuring consistency and support across both environments. Furthermore, when parents are included, they are more likely to advocate for their child's rights and help reinforce strategies at home.
Heizelle Anne B. Bernardo Socorro Cluster BSED English 1. Carl would likely benefit most from staying in an inclusive classroom in his current school with INTENSIVE SUPPORT. Given his creativity and potential, it’s important that he is in a setting where he can interact with peers but still receive the specialized instruction he needs for his learning difficulties. An inclusive environment can help him build confidence and social skills while receiving support to address his dyslexia. 2. Support Needed to Meet Academic Expectations To help Carl succeed in his current school, several supports can be put in place: *Carl needs a structured Individualized Education Plan (IEP) tailored to his learning challenges, especially in reading, spelling, and written expression. *Specialized Instruction: He would benefit from one-on-one or small group instruction focused on reading interventions, spelling, and writing skills, possibly using a multisensory approach like Orton-Gillingham, which is often effective for students with dyslexia. *Accommodations: This could include extra time for reading and writing tasks, access to assistive technology (e.g., text-to-speech software), and visual aids. *Continued Remedial Classes: He should continue with after-school remedial programs that focus on his specific areas of difficulty. Regular progress checks will also be important to adjust interventions as needed. 3. Carl does not necessarily need to be pulled out to a Special Education school. He can thrive in his current school with the right interventions and support in place. However, if his academic difficulties persist despite these efforts and if the inclusive setting proves to be overwhelming for him, the option of a more specialized learning environment could be reconsidered. For now, the goal should be to provide Carl with all the necessary tools and support in his regular school so that he can reach his full potential without being isolated from his peers.
Heizelle Anne B. Bernardo Socorro Cluster BSED English 1. TEACHING PRACTICES: MAINSTREAMING often uses the same curriculum for all students, with students with disabilities expected to keep up or be pulled out for special instruction, while INCLUSION involves modifying teaching practices to meet diverse learning needs within the same classroom. Teachers use flexible strategies to ensure all students can access the curriculum. PHILOSOPHY: MAINSTREAMING believes that students with disabilities should "earn" their way into regular classrooms by demonstrating certain academic or behavioral skills, while INCLUSION focuses on the idea that all students, regardless of ability, belong in the regular classroom from the start and that it’s the school's responsibility to adapt and provide support. SERVICES AVAILABLE: In MAINSTREAMING services such as special education support might be offered outside the classroom in separate spaces, while INCLUSION integrates services like speech therapy, occupational therapy, or special education within the general classroom to support all students. STUDENT PLACEMENT: MAINSTREAMING places students with disabilities in general education classes only if they are able to keep up with the classwork, while INCLUSION ensures that all students are placed in the same classroom from the beginning, regardless of their abilities, with support given as needed. 2. *Differentiation is adapting teaching methods, materials, and assessments to meet the diverse needs of all learners in the classroom. It could involve offering different ways to learn the same content, providing various assignments, or adjusting the pace of learning based on student needs. *Accommodations change how a student learns or accesses information without altering the curriculum. For example, allowing extra time on tests, using assistive technology, or providing visual aids. The learning goals stay the same. While modifications change what a student is expected to learn. The curriculum is altered or simplified. For instance, a student may have a different set of learning objectives or complete shorter, easier assignments. * Accommodations should be used when a student can meet the same learning standards as their peers but needs support to do so. Modifications are necessary when a student’s disability prevents them from meeting the same learning objectives as their peers, even with accommodations, and the learning goals need to be adjusted to fit their needs.
Heizelle Anne B. Bernardo Socorro Cluster 2nd year BSED Major in English 1.What are the different models of disability? How would each define disability? *Moral/Religious Model of Disability This model views disability as a result of moral failings, sin, or divine judgment. In some cultures or religions, disabilities are believed to be caused by karma, punishment, or a test of faith. People with disabilities may be treated with pity or charity but often face stigma due to these beliefs. *Biomedical/Individual Model This model sees disability as a medical issue within the individual, focusing on diagnosing, treating, or curing the condition. It treats disability as a problem to be solved, often through medical interventions, surgeries, or therapies, with the goal of returning the individual to a "normal" state. *Functional/Rehabilitation Model The functional model defines disability based on an individual's ability to function in society. It emphasizes rehabilitation and adaptation, aiming to help people with disabilities regain as much independence as possible by improving their functional skills and adapting environments to meet their needs. *Social Model of Disability The social model argues that disability is not caused by an individual’s impairment but by societal barriers like inaccessible buildings, discriminatory attitudes, or lack of accommodations. This model calls for removing these barriers to allow people with disabilities to fully participate in society. *Rights-Based Model This model frames disability as a human rights issue, advocating that people with disabilities should have equal access to opportunities, resources, and participation in all aspects of life. It emphasizes empowerment, inclusion, and the protection of the rights of individuals with disabilities through laws and policies. 2. How are impairments different from disabilities? Impairments are physical, mental, or sensory conditions that affect how the body functions, like vision loss or hearing issues while disabilities occur when these impairments interact with barriers in society, making it difficult for individuals to fully participate in everyday life. So, the impairment is the condition, while disability is the impact caused by social and environmental obstacles. 3. What is special needs education? How different is it from inclusive education? Special Needs Education focuses on teaching students with disabilities separately in specialized settings or classes designed to meet their specific needs while Inclusive Education involves teaching all students, with and without disabilities, together in the same classroom. It promotes equal participation and adapts teaching methods to accommodate diverse learners. 4. Which international treatises are directly involved in the pursuit of inclusive education? The first one is, Global Arena. The second one is, UN Standards Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for persons with disabilities and education. Lastly is, The World Education Forum Framework for Action and the Millenium Summit of the UN.
Diane Arellano SOCORRO Cluster Answer 1 Teaching learners how to care for themselves requires a multi-faceted approach that considers their individual needs and developmental stages. Direct instruction can be used to explicitly teach self-care skills, such as healthy eating, sleep hygiene, and stress management techniques. Forward chaining involves breaking down complex self-care tasks into smaller steps and teaching them in a sequential order, starting with the first step and gradually adding subsequent steps. For example, a learner could be taught to brush their teeth by first learning to pick up the toothbrush, then learning to apply toothpaste, and finally learning to brush their teeth. Backward chaining involves teaching the last step of a task first, and then gradually adding preceding steps in reverse order. This approach can be useful for teaching learners how to complete self-care tasks that require a specific sequence of steps, such as preparing a healthy meal. Answer 2 Putting shoes on Materials Needed: - Child's shoes - Child's socks (if applicable) - Chair or bench to sit on - Verbal praise or a reward system for positive reinforcement Steps: 1. Step 1 - Prepare the Shoes: Place the child's shoes in front of them, making sure the left shoe is on the left side and the right shoe is on the right side. 2. Step 2 - Sit Down: Instruct the child to sit on the chair or bench to make it easier to put on their shoes. 3. Step 3 - Pick Up the Left Shoe: Encourage the child to pick up the left shoe with their left hand. 4. Step 4 - Put on the Left Shoe: Guide the child to place their left foot into the left shoe and push the heel down to secure it. 5. Step 5 - Tie the Laces (If Applicable): If the shoes have laces, teach the child how to tie them using a simple technique like the bunny ears method. 6. Step 6 - Repeat for the Right Shoe: Repeat steps 3-5 for the right shoe, ensuring that the child uses the correct hand and foot. 7. Step 7 - Adjust the Shoes: Help the child adjust their shoes to ensure they are comfortable and secure on their feet. 8. Step 8 - Stand Up: Encourage the child to stand up and walk around to test if the shoes are fitted properly.
Diane Arellano Socorro Cluster Answer 1 Teaching learners how to care for themselves requires a multi-faceted approach that considers their individual needs and developmental stages. Direct instruction can be used to explicitly teach self-care skills, such as healthy eating, sleep hygiene, and stress management techniques. Forward chaining involves breaking down complex self-care tasks into smaller steps and teaching them in a sequential order, starting with the first step and gradually adding subsequent steps. For example, a learner could be taught to brush their teeth by first learning to pick up the toothbrush, then learning to apply toothpaste, and finally learning to brush their teeth. Backward chaining involves teaching the last step of a task first, and then gradually adding preceding steps in reverse order. This approach can be useful for teaching learners how to complete self-care tasks that require a specific sequence of steps, such as preparing a healthy meal. Answer 2 Putting shoes on Materials Needed: - Child's shoes - Child's socks (if applicable) - Chair or bench to sit on - Verbal praise or a reward system for positive reinforcement Steps: 1. Step 1 - Prepare the Shoes: Place the child's shoes in front of them, making sure the left shoe is on the left side and the right shoe is on the right side. 2. Step 2 - Sit Down: Instruct the child to sit on the chair or bench to make it easier to put on their shoes. 3. Step 3 - Pick Up the Left Shoe: Encourage the child to pick up the left shoe with their left hand. 4. Step 4 - Put on the Left Shoe: Guide the child to place their left foot into the left shoe and push the heel down to secure it. 5. Step 5 - Tie the Laces (If Applicable): If the shoes have laces, teach the child how to tie them using a simple technique like the bunny ears method. 6. Step 6 - Repeat for the Right Shoe: Repeat steps 3-5 for the right shoe, ensuring that the child uses the correct hand and foot. 7. Step 7 - Adjust the Shoes: Help the child adjust their shoes to ensure they are comfortable and secure on their feet. 8. Step 8 - Stand Up: Encourage the child to stand up and walk around to test if the shoes are fitted properly.
Heizelle Anne B. Bernardo Socorro Cluster BSED Major in English 1. As a future educator, I understand the parents concern and appreciate he bring this to my attention. The crucifix in the classroom is meant to reflect a respect for all beliefs and values, but I also want to ensure that all students feel comfortable and respected. I’ll discuss his request with the school administration to find a solution that upholds our commitment to inclusivity while respecting individual beliefs. 2. I will thank the student for letting me know. I want to make sure that everyone can participate and enjoy the game. I’ll adapt the relay to include a modified task that suits her needs, so she can be involved and have fun just like everyone else. I will discuss what adjustments might work best for her. 3. When deciding who to vote for, I’ll consider the candidates’ leadership qualities, their ability to represent and listen to the needs of their peers, and their ideas for improving our class environment. It’s important to choose someone who is fair, responsible, and has a clear vision for our class’s future.
Lizette C. Rolloque Pinamalayan Cluster Answer: 1. Child development theories offer valuable frameworks for understanding how children grow and change. Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory proposes that individuals progress through eight stages, each marked by a unique psychosocial crisis that must be resolved for healthy development. Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory describes four stages of cognitive development, from sensorimotor to formal operational, emphasizing the active role children play in constructing their understanding of the world. Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory highlights the importance of social interaction and cultural influences in cognitive development, emphasizing the zone of proximal development and scaffolding. Albert Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes the role of observation and modeling in learning, suggesting that children learn by observing the behaviors of others and the consequences that follow. These theories, while differing in their focus, provide complementary insights into the complex process of child development. 2. Child development theories offer valuable frameworks for understanding how children grow and change. Each theory highlights different aspects of development and proposes specific milestones for each stage. Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory suggests that individuals progress through eight stages, each marked by a unique psychosocial crisis that must be resolved for healthy development. For example, during the trust vs. mistrust stage (birth to 18 months), infants learn to trust their caregivers, while in the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage (18 months to 3 years), toddlers develop a sense of independence. Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory describes four stages of cognitive development, from sensorimotor to formal operational, emphasizing the active role children play in constructing their understanding of the world. In the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years), infants learn about the world through their senses and motor skills, while in the preoperational stage (2 to 7 years), children develop language and symbolic thinking. Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory highlights the importance of social interaction and cultural influences in cognitive development, emphasizing the zone of proximal development and scaffolding. Children learn best within their zone of proximal development, which is the gap between what they can do independently and what they can achieve with assistance. Albert Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes the role of observation and modeling in learning, suggesting that children learn by observing the behaviors of others and the consequences that follow. Through observational learning, children acquire new skills and knowledge by watching and imitating others. 3. Child development is a multifaceted process, encompassing various domains that intertwine and influence one another. These domains include: - Physical development refers to changes in the body, including growth in size, strength, and motor skills. This domain encompasses milestones such as crawling, walking, and fine motor skills like grasping objects and using utensils. - Cognitive development encompasses changes in thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving abilities. This domain includes milestones like language development, memory, attention, and the ability to understand abstract concepts. - Social development involves changes in how children interact with others, understand social cues, and build relationships. This domain includes milestones like developing empathy, understanding social norms, and forming friendships. - Emotional development refers to changes in how children experience and express emotions, regulate their feelings, and develop self-awareness. This domain includes milestones like recognizing different emotions, expressing feelings appropriately, and developing a sense of self-esteem. - Language development is a crucial aspect of overall development, allowing children to communicate, learn, and build relationships. This domain includes milestones like babbling, first words, sentence formation, and understanding complex language.
Diane Arellano Socorro Cluster BSED English Answer 1 Learning disabilities are problems caused by difficulties processing knowledge in particular academic domains, such math, reading, and writing. Even though they may be intelligent, students with learning difficulties may find it difficult to complete some tasks. Contrarily, ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects a person's capacity for impulse control and sustained attention. While learning issues are a possibility for people with ADHD, controlling focus and behavior rather than information processing skills is the main challenge for these individuals. Answer 2 In order to help students who struggle with memory and concentration, I would employ a variety of learning accommodations tailored to meet their specific requirements. In order to improve their focus, I would first establish a disciplined and orderly classroom with distinct procedures and few outside distractions. It would be important to use graphic organizers and visual aids to enhance learning and promote memory retention. In order to engage other modalities, I would also use multi-sensory approaches to learning and break the knowledge down into smaller, smaller amounts. Frequently scheduled pauses, constructive criticism, and adaptable evaluation alternatives would all improve their educational experience. Frequent check-ins and mutual support opportunities would facilitate more individualized feedback and encouragement, ultimately creating an environment that is more encouraging and productive for these children in the classroom.
Diane Arellano Socorro Cluster Answer 1 Learners with problems with communication can benefit from a number of modifications designed to help them learn and participate in class. Accommodations may include providing visual aids such as photos, diagrams, or written instructions to supplement verbal explanations. Reducing excessive noise can help kids who have difficulty processing auditory information learn more effectively. Allowing extra time for assignments and allowing students to dictate their responses to a scribe can assist students with communication challenges in completing work at their own pace. Encourage nonverbal communication by using communication cards or gestures to provide children an alternate way to express themselves and ask for help. Answer 2 Stuttering is a common form of speech impairment that hinders a person's ability to speak clearly.Stuttering can cause involuntary repetitions of sounds, syllables, or words, as well as sound blocks or prolongations. Stuttering can be caused by a number of factors, including genetics, neurological disorders, and psychological stress. Stuttering can cause anxiety and shame, but it is crucial to realize that it has no effect on a person's intelligence or capacity to learn. With the correct assistance and treatment, including speech therapy, persons who stutter can learn methods to manage their speech and improve their fluency.
Diane Arellano Socorro Cluster The video clips demonstrate the remarkable capabilities of these learners, highlighting their advanced cognitive abilities and creative potential. They showcase their engagement in thought-provoking activities, such as conducting experiments and solving complex problems, indicating a high level of intellectual curiosity and a thirst for knowledge beyond their age. This observation aligns with research highlighting the distinct characteristics of gifted learners, including advanced reasoning skills, exceptional problem-solving abilities, and a strong desire to explore complex concepts.
Diane Arellano Socorro Cluster Answer 1 A. Psychosocial Development Theory of Erik Erikson There are eight distinct stages in human growth, each of which is marked by a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved in order to move on in life. These start in early life, when trust and mistrust are formed, and end in late maturity, when integrity and hopelessness are combined. Erikson highlighted the significance of social interactions and cultural background in determining a person's identity and character. According to him, resolving a crisis successfully cultivates qualities like hope, will, purpose, and wisdom that are crucial for human development and ultimately establish a person's capacity to contribute to society. B. Cognitive Development Theory of Jean Piaget The method by which kids create an internal representation of the outside world. Four phases Piaget identified for cognitive development are the sensorimotor stage (birth to two years), the preoperational stage (two to seven years), the concrete operational stage (seven to eleven years), and the formal operational stage (eleven years and up). As children's cognitive abilities develop through assimilation, accommodation, and adaptation processes, each stage reflects a fundamentally distinct style of thinking and perceiving the world. Piaget's work highlights how children are active learners who try to make sense of their experiences. His observations have had a big impact on educational practices by emphasizing how crucial it is for teaching tactics to be developmentally appropriate. C. Sociocultural Theory of Lev Vygotsky Asserts that social interactions and cultural context have a fundamental impact on cognitive development. According to Vygotsky, language, artifacts, and cooperative conversation all play important roles in the socially mediated process of learning. He presented the idea of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which describes the gap between what a learner can accomplish on their own and what they can accomplish with assistance from a more experienced individual. According to Vygotsky, cultural tools-such as language and symbols-are essential to cognitive development because they mold behavior and thought processes. His theory has important ramifications for educational methods, stressing discourse and collaborative learning. It also emphasizes the significance of context and culture in forming individual learning processes. D. Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura draws attention to how behavior and personality development are shaped through imitation, modeling, and observational learning. In his famous Bobo doll experiment, Bandura showed how children could pick up aggressive behaviors by watching adults act aggressively toward a doll. This experiment highlighted his theory that learning occurs not only through direct experiences but also through observing others and the results of their actions, a process he called "modeling." The theory of reciprocal determinism, which Bandura popularized, contends that behavior, surroundings, and individual characteristics all interact to determine learning and growth. His research transforms behaviorism into a more comprehensive picture of human development by highlighting the importance of social environment and showing how cognitive processes, as well as rewards and punishments, are crucial to learning. Answer 2 A. Psychosocial Development Theory of Erik Erikson B. Cognitive Development Theory of Jean Piaget C. Sociocultural Theory of Lev Vygotsky D. Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura Answer 3 DOMAINS OF DEVELOPMENT 1. Physical Domain- refers to the development of physical changes such as size and strength. 2. Social and Emotional- this is the child's experience, expression, and management of emotions along with the ability to establish positive relationships with others. 3. Language Domains- refers to the process of acquiring language in a consistent order 4. Cognitive Domain- construction of thought process which includes remembering, problem solving, and decision making
Lizette C. Rolloque Pinamalayan Cluster 1. - The Moral Model views disability as a consequence of personal sin, karma, or a moral failing, often leading to social exclusion and stigma. - The Medical Model defines disability as a medical condition requiring treatment and cure, focusing on the individual's impairment and limitations. - The Social Model views disability as a social construct, arguing that societal barriers and attitudes, rather than the impairment itself, create the experience of being disabled. - The Religious Model interprets disability as a divine act, either a punishment for sin or a test of faith, often emphasizing spiritual strength and resilience. - The Affirmative Model embraces disability as a positive identity, highlighting the unique experiences and contributions of individuals with disabilities. 2. An impairment is a physical, mental, or sensory limitation, while a disability is a social construct shaped by societal barriers and attitudes that restrict an individual's participation and opportunities due to their impairment. 3. Special needs education provides tailored instruction and support for students with disabilities, often in separate settings, while inclusive education integrates all students, including those with disabilities, into mainstream classrooms with appropriate accommodations and support. 4. International treatises like the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), the Salamanca Statement, and the Dakar Framework for Action are directly involved in the pursuit of inclusive education, advocating for the rights of all learners and promoting equitable access to quality education.
Lizette C. Rolloque Pinamalayan Cluster BSED ENGLISH 1. I would respectfully explain that while i understand and respect their beliefs, the crucifix is a personal symbol of my faith and does not represent any religious teaching or indoctrination within the classroom. I would assure them that my focus is on providing a neutral and inclusive learning environment for all students 2. I would acknowledge the student's concern with empathy and understanding. I would say something like, "Thank you for letting me know. It's important that everyone feels comfortable and included in the game. Let's brainstorm together how we can adapt the task so it works for you. Do you have any ideas?" Then, I'd work collaboratively with the student to find a solution that allows her to participate fully and enjoy the game. 3. I'll vote for the candidate who demonstrates strong leadership qualities, has clear ideas for improving the class, and shows genuine care for their classmates' needs and opinions.
Diane Arellano Socorro Cluster 1. A. Home-school Communication Parent-Teacher Conference Written Communication Digital Communication Home-school Contracts B. PRE-REFERRAL STRATEGIES Observations of the child's behavior Interactions with parents Interview of parents and teachers to gather information about the child Review of school records Analysis of the child's academic output through error analysis Accommodations 1. Presentation Accommodations 2. Response Accommodations 3. Setting Accommodations 4. Scheduling Accommodations MODIFICATIONS EDUCATIONAL TEAMS-Individual Educational Plan (IEP)。 PARENT INVOLVEMENT PRE-REFERRAL PROCESS INITIAL IDENTIFICATION DETERMINATION OF TEACHING AREAS AND STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION OF TEACHING PROGRAMS EVALUATION OF TEACHING PROGRAM 2. МЕТНODS OF ASSESSMENT Norm-referenced Tests Criterion-Referenced Tests Informal Assessment Observation ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES CHILD-AND-FAMILY CENTERED PRACTICES TEAM-BASED APPROACH APPLICATION OF INDIVIDUALIZED AND APPROPRIATE PROCESS USE OF GENUINE AND MEANINGFUL COMMUNICATION PLACEMENT GENERAL EDUCATION CLASSROOM GENERAL EDUCATION CLASS RESOURCE ROOM INTENSIVE SUPPORT Home/Hospital Program Residential Facility Special Education class in a special education Self-contained Special Education Class In A General Education General Education Class (Inclusion Or Co-taught With A Special Education Teacher) General Education Class With Related Services General Education Class With Modifications
Jeanna Christine Besa Socorro Cluster BSED Math 1. The different processes or strategies used in the pre-referral system in an inclusive education areobservation of the child’s behavior, including interactions with parents, teachers, and peer; interview of parents and teachers to gather more information about the child; review of school records; and analysis of the child’s academic output through error analysis, portfolio assessment, and criterion-referenced and curriculum-based assessment. Aside from that it needs corresponding changes to manage the child’s needs such as modification of the classroom environment in terms of (seating arrangement, group change, and teacher’s proximity in class), instructional support, and relevant classroom and behavior management. On the other hand, the pre-referral process is initial identification, determination of teaching areas and strategies, implementation of teaching programs and evaluation of teaching program. 2. The different assessment methods and tools used to identify the strengths, beliefs, needs, and placement of children with disabilities are test, informal and authentic assessment. In terms of tests it has norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests. However, informal assessment it has informal or non-standized assessments. Therefore, authentic assessment whether formal or informal or observation. 3. The accommodation differ from modification through supporting and helps the learning or every student with disabilities, because the accommodation are supports provided to students to help gain full access to class content and instruction, without altering the curriculum standards and competencies expected and to demonstrate accurately what they. In general education, accommodation provide classroom for children with disabilities, barriers are removed from accessing education that’s why children can work around the effect of their disabilities. Nevertheless, modifications are provided for students with significant or severe disabilities where content are altered, and the performance outcomes are changed in relation to what are expected of the same age, that’s why if the instruction and assessment are modified, a student with disability is still given the right to access the same learning opportunities as other students in the general education class, but the tasks are more respectful and appropriate to the student’s abilities and needs. 4. The parents of children with disabilities should be involved in the process of planning and decision making because they are the primary caregivers and direct influence on their children. Parents knows their child’s background, strengths and abilities, and history of difficulties. They involved, because it will equip them to better understand their child’s disability and accompanying strengths, uniqueness, as well as specific techniques and strategies that they can practice at home.
Jeanna Christine Besa Socorro Cluster BSED Math 1. The philosophy of mainstreaming is that it prepares both general education class and learners deemed to be ready for their age learners first to be able to catch up to the general education with the access to both individualized curriculum and general education curriculum while the philosophy of inclusion is all learners around the same age are entitled to access quality education that everyone else is able to access because it is their right. In mainstreaming, learners may access both individualized curriculum as well as general education curriculum that the rest are able to access while in inclusion, students only to get access general education curriculum. Teachers use norm-referenced and strengths-based assessment on students in mainstreaming while in inclusion, teachers only used norm-referenced assessment. In mainstreaming, students can access inside the classroom and outside with the use of resource rooms and therapeutic programs while in inclusion, all services are given to the student inside the general education classroom. 2. Differentation is a systematic approach to planning and instruction to cater to a diverse set of learners and address the variety of needs that the students have to make sure that every student is given opportunities to learn, develop, use and demonstrate their learning. Accomodations allow students to learn a subject in different ways by changing the mode of delivery of classroom instructions while modification change what is being taught to students. with the child's best interest in mind. Accomodation can be used when the student is actually capable of doing the school works even without the need to lower the bar while the modification can be used when the curriculum is too advanced and teachers have exhausted all attempts to do accomodations.
Jeanna Christine Besa Socorro Cluster BSED Math 1. The different processes or strategies used in the pre-referral system in an inclusive education areobservation of the child’s behavior, including interactions with parents, teachers, and peer; interview of parents and teachers to gather more information about the child; review of school records; and analysis of the child’s academic output through error analysis, portfolio assessment, and criterion-referenced and curriculum-based assessment. Aside from that it needs corresponding changes to manage the child’s needs such as modification of the classroom environment in terms of (seating arrangement, group change, and teacher’s proximity in class), instructional support, and relevant classroom and behavior management. On the other hand, the pre-referral process is initial identification, determination of teaching areas and strategies, implementation of teaching programs and evaluation of teaching program. 2. The different assessment methods and tools used to identify the strengths, beliefs, needs, and placement of children with disabilities are test, informal and authentic assessment. In terms of tests it has norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests. However, informal assessment it has informal or non-standized assessments. Therefore, authentic assessment whether formal or informal or observation. 3. The accommodation differ from modification through supporting and helps the learning or every student with disabilities, because the accommodation are supports provided to students to help gain full access to class content and instruction, without altering the curriculum standards and competencies expected and to demonstrate accurately what they. In general education, accommodation provide classroom for children with disabilities, barriers are removed from accessing education that’s why children can work around the effect of their disabilities. Nevertheless, modifications are provided for students with significant or severe disabilities where content are altered, and the performance outcomes are changed in relation to what are expected of the same age, that’s why if the instruction and assessment are modified, a student with disability is still given the right to access the same learning opportunities as other students in the general education class, but the tasks are more respectful and appropriate to the student’s abilities and needs. 4. The parents of children with disabilities should be involved in the process of planning and decision making because they are the primary caregivers and direct influence on their children. Parents knows their child’s background, strengths and abilities, and history of difficulties. They involved, because it will equip them to better understand their child’s disability and accompanying strengths, uniqueness, as well as specific techniques and strategies that they can practice at home. At this point, it might continuity the practices implemented that
