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Spark plug is used in petrol engines to produce spark needed to burn the air fuel mixture.The voltage needed to produce the spark is supplied by the ignition coil.A fault in spark plug may lead to poor mileage, performance lag etc.Thus its important to replace the spark plug on time.
In 1859 French engineer Lenoir developed a spark plug that closely resembles the present day plugs.
The main components of spark plug are Terminal/connector,Insulator, Center shaft/stem,Housing/metal shell, center electrode and ground electrode.The terminal is the first part that receive the high voltage from the ignition coil system.From there to the end a ceramic insulation is present throughout the plug that prevents the voltage from escaping to the ground before reaching the tip.It insulate center electrode, stem.The alumina oxide ceramic insulater has three times strength, insulating property and capacity to withstand in heat than the old porcelain insulation.Also it has high reliability , mechanical strength and low cost.Metal housing helps to maintain the temperature under control by transferring heat to cylinder head.A gasket /washer is also present on the plug .The electrodes are commonly built from nickel based alloy-manganese, tungsten,silicon ,chromium.The spark plus is named after the material used to make electrode like iridium spark plug.Companies also make spark plug that have electrodes made by noble metals like iridium, platinum etc.Commonly there is only a single ground electrode but there are models that have multiple ground electrodes.The shape also differs from Slit type,u groove, etc.The center electrode also appears in different shape like sharp tip,star shape,v cut etc.A resistor placed in the spark plug helps to prevent electro magnetic interference that interrupt other circuits.
The gap between the center and ground electrode/strap is known as electrode gap.High voltage is needed to ionise the air present in the gap to change the air into a conductor.That is why spark plug needs relatively high voltage.A standard spark plug heat range between 500°C to 800°C.A Temperature higher than 450° C is needed to prevent carbon deposit .Also temperature above 850°C cause preignition.A spark plug works under fluctuating temperature and pressure.It has to withstand in 4500°F of temperature, higher than 15000volts of current and 2000psi pressure.That too happens dozens of times per second.Thus a spark plug may appear to be a simple part but it is one of the most important parts of an engine.
To know more about the topic watch the video till the end
1 окт 2024
