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166강(p. 155) 1/3
The rulers argued that the caste system reflected an eternal cosmic reality rather than a chance historical development./ Concepts of purity and impurity were essential elements in Hindu religion, and they were harnessed to buttress the social pyramid./ Pious Hindus were taught that contact with members of a different caste could pollute not only them personally, but society as a whole, and should therefore be abhorred.
pu·ri·ty [pjúərǝti] n. 청정, 순수, 깨끗함, 청결, 맑음
har·ness [hάːrnis] n. 마구, v. 이용하다, 마구를 채우다
but·tress [bʌ́tris] n. 버팀벽, 버팀, v. 지지하다, 지탱하다
pi·ous [páiǝs] ɑ. 신앙심이 깊은; 경건한.
ab·hor [æbhɔ́ːr, ǝb-] vt. (-rr-) 몹시 싫어하다, 혐오〔증오〕하다; 거부하다, 멸시하다
166강(p. 155) 2/3
Such ideas are hardly unique to Hindus./ Throughout history, and in almost all societies, concepts of pollution and purity have played a leading role in enforcing social and political divisions and have been exploited by numerous ruling classes to maintain their privileges./ The fear of pollution is not a complete fabrication of priests and princes, however.
en·force [enfɔ́ːrs] vt.
① (법률 등을) 실시〔시행〕하다, 집행하다
② (지불·복종 등을) 강요〔강제〕하다, 억지로 시키다; 강행하다
ex·ploit[éksplɔit, iksplɔ́it] n. (큰) 공, 공훈, 공적, 위업. vt. (자원 등을) 개발〔개척〕하다, 채굴〔벌채〕하다; (특색 등을) 살리다, 활용하다;
fàb·ri·cá·tion n.
① 제작, 구성; 위조; 조립.
② 꾸밈, 날조, 거짓(말); 위조물〔문서〕; 조립 부품
166강(p. 155) 3/3
It probably has its roots in biological survival mechanisms that make humans feel an instinctive revulsion towards potential disease carriers, such as sick persons and dead bodies./ If you want to keep any human group isolated - women, Jews, Roma, gays, blacks - the best way to do it is convince everyone that these people are a source of pollution.
re·vul·sion [rivʌ́lʃən] n. (감정 따위의) 격변, 급변; 급격한 반동; 《드물게》 되돌리기, 잡아떼기; 〖의학〗 (반대 자극 등에 의한) 혈액 유도법(誘導法); 극도의 불쾌감, 혐오감.
Jew [dʒuː] n. (fem. Jew·ess [dʒúːis])
① (이스라엘 조상으로부터 나온 세계 각지의) 유대인, 이스라엘 백성.
② 유대교도.
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11 окт 2024
