8:24 Your file is encryption(also great strategy to give people a time limit to give you what you want so strict you can't fill out your payment info) Where do you get this amazing stock footage?
you can certainly learn a lot from the Instructions given to the VPN service providers by the Govt of India. Usually these are just copied from the Chinese but you still get the idea. One of the important instructions is that the VPN service providers must preserve logs. Also no cash payments and proper ID for the customers must be preserved.
@chichi but that would defeat the entire purpose of the VPN. The policies you describe lets the government assume someone wants secrecy due to nefarious actions. i.e. "guilty until proven innocent". However there is a myriad of reasons to want secrecy that aren't based on doing "bad things" one of the most prevalent in the USA right now is looking for trans, gay, or abortion related health care. Some in the government would like to hunt those people down like criminals, while others support a person's right to body autonomy. Those people need secrecy to protect yourself from tyrany.
As i like to say - there is no such thing as 100% anonymity on the internet , but no one is going to take the time to trace your Tor session just because you are watch green youtube :)
I didn't get network training in high school either. But I graduated in 1967, by which time I was aware that things called computers existed, but had never seen one, let alone used one. Learned Fortran at uni, but only touched a card punch machine. In grad school we finally had access to terminals, but PCs were still a ways off.
I was an Alpha-tester for the ARPANET in 1969 when I was in High school here in Vancouver,Canada. They brought a Telex machine to the school & hooked up a telephone handset to an acoustic modem. We sent an 'email' to nearby SFU. It's hard to believe the Internet is 54 yrs old!
One more letter to that and they'd have to change their name. So, I had to search for it since I'm in the States. Simon Fraser University? I'm a few years younger than you, so I didn't get to any computers til college. We had punch cards. I, too, am awestruck with it. BTW, that Imax comparison was an awesome way he explained the difference for what speeds you'd need.
@@bikeny I was one of the 1st students @ Langara College in 1971 when it opened. I took Data Processing @ learned to program on a Honeywell 200 with only 32K memory. Lots of punched cards! Cheers.
@@dontown-lb5ke I think I met you in a comment section before. You were one of the first ever to send an e-mail, or maybe I met one of your classmates. I'm on the right-hand side of Canada. My experience was a bit later getting into computers as a young teen in the mid-70s. I used a BBS in the early-mid 80s that relayed messages to ARPANET so relayed internet e-mail was available to me, but my first internet account wasn't until 1988.
Interesting seeing history being discussed in this comment thread. I'm a kid in comparison. My first experience with an internet connection was during the last legs of dial up in the early 2000s.
One reason networking uses bit and not bytes is because it was there when some systems used other sizes. There were 4 bit and 9 bit machines for example. And today there are 32 and 64 bit machines, however these came mostly after the big explosion of 8 bit cpus. Also not all those bits per second are user data, there various layers of control and routing and so on that must also communicate to even have a connection.
@@ThioJoe I disagree with the poster. Communications is serial except inside the machine. Baud is bits-per-second because one bit is sent at a time. An APP might tell you Megabytes per second, but it's just dividing what's happening by 8.
Main reason for difference is signalization. For example, each 8-bit on serial port require start bit, optional parity bit and 1 / 1.5 / 2 stop bits. One byte is up to 12 bites "on wire". Same is for Ethernet. There is preamble, mac header, IP header, payload, cksum, etc. It is easier to just calculate frame size in bits and then divide it by bits per seconds (wire speed) to see how much payload you can transfer ... Usable size may change depending on configuration ... ISP advertise "wire speed", but download speed may wary depending on protocol and configuration.
It means sense as it is essentially a sequential stream of bits. Various protocols pack the data differently. Back in the modem era 10 bits were used per byte unless you had an error correcting modem in which case it was 8 bits but then there was some header information. Also the data could be compressed which in some cases actually increased its size.
Myth: Wi-Fi and the Internet are the same thing. False. All Wi-Fi really does is allow wireless devices to connect to a network without using wires. It also should be noted that just because you’re connected to a network using Wi-Fi or even Ethernet doesn’t always mean that you will have a working Internet connection.
Yes, WiFi is just a network type. It allows internet connection, but itself doesn't contain the internet. Networks are separate, too many people don't understand this.
I don't understand how some people still believe incognito mode is anonymous. When you open up a new private tab, whether that be on a Chromium based browser or even Firefox, it straight up tells you that your activity can still be monitored.
In regards to internet speed. It seems a large amount of people don't realise that even if you have the fastest connection in the world, you're still restricted by the upload speed of whatever you're downloading from. I work at a hosting company that hosts a lot of dedicated and virtual servers. We get an alarmingly high amount of customers complaining that when they try to upload something to their server, it's only going at 10Mbps when their server has a 100Mbps connection and don't understand that it's because their local connection is only 10Mbps, not that there's a problem with their server network. If you think of it like a group of runners who all need to stay together. You're only going to be as fast as the slowest runner.
I'd say latency is a more important statistic for multiplayer games. Speed is one thing, but if it takes five seconds to get from the server to your machine, it's meaningless.
Higher bandwidth connections can have lower latency because of reduced head-of-line blocking. Shared media (eg. passive optical networks or cable) are time division multiplexed, so a higher bandwidth connection gets a larger share of the media, hence it transmits more often without waiting for a time slot.
One old myth or saying is that "Once something is on the internet it stays there forever", a lot of things that was put there 20-30 years ago is now completely gone. I feel so old sometimes.
One thing that i say which is related to faster internet = faster everything is, usually just because your internet can download the file at 100mbp/s doesnt mean the server uploading the file to you is going to be at that speed so even if you have a gigabit internet doesnt mean you will download the file at one gigabyte per second because the server might not be uploading it at that speed and it might be way slowly like 5 mbp/s instead. Also there can be a hardware limitation like your drive might not be able to write data at 100mbp/s even though your internet can download at that speed.
Bingo, there's a very small section of increased bandwidth that means increased speeds. Getting more bandwidth is mostly just geared toward multiple devices and users making use of simultaneous connections.
The faster speed is available only upto the local server. There are several speed test software available and most will suggest a local server close to your service point.
@ICE124 The first thing that came to my mind when I read your comment was file hosting sites like Depositfiles, Keep2Share, FileJoker, Rapidgator etc. When you download a file from one of those sites, they're able to limit the speed at which the file is being downloaded. For example, if you're a free user, the download speed is incredibly slow and if you want to download files faster, you have to pay for a premium account. You could have the highest speed internet in the world, but it'll make very little difference if you're downloading a file from a site that's limiting their speed.
Even though they are different in definition, I still call the internet the web because 1) it's easier to explain to non-tech people and 2) my generation was exposed to the internet as a collection of web pages and nothing else.
Your "random idea" @13:49 is in fact true. If you are already a suspect in some sort of digital "misbehaviour", government agencies CAN in fact cross-reference your connection to a VPN and the connection to a website to collect evidence against you. Even if the traffic itself can not be monitored, you connecting to a certain VPN IP and that same VPN IP connecting to a monitored website can provide enough additional evidence if you are already a suspect. A lot of VPN providers offer you "Double VPN" or whatever they want to call it specifically for this scenario. You will connect to a VPN IP, which will connect to another VPN IP, which will connect to your destination. That way, any loggin done by an agency or whoever can do that will show totally different IP addresses from your side and the website that is being monitored. There are probably ways to tackle Double VPN connections too, but I haven't encountered any of those situations in real-life yet.
The bandwidth one is something I have been trying to explain to people for years. In fact I remember a kid some years back saying that he got his parents to upgrade to gigabit fiber so he can download movies super fast. But he was using an old 7200rpm HDD.
MBytes vs Mbits makes sense to me. Raw data is in bits. Although part of it is fault of Microsoft. Considering Microsoft continues to use SI metric decimal prefixes (MB, GB, TB, etc) for binary values (which should be MiB, GiB, TiB, etc). If you display BITS per second you can convert however you like to Gigabyte or Gibibyte.
I have 1000M down speeds, it's 25€/month (unlimited data). Cheapest was like 18€ 300M. I think I can spare that 7€ extra even 'tho it doesn't actually make that huge of a difference.
for a lot of major ISPs here in the States that difference in speed would be a cost difference of at least $40 USD. I don't think I've seen a Gigabit plan in the US for less than $70, but a 300Mb could be as little as like $30.
I have gigabit down but only 50mbps up (thanks Australia) but man is it expensive at $149 a month. Why do we have to pay so fkn much when people in the EU seem to pay basically nothing a month lol
Thio you are simply the best in showing me all subjects that I did not understand clarifying them and giving me not only more light but helping me to understand complex things much better! Thank you for your awesome video!
A chrome extension can't do everything a virus can do. At least in Windows it runs in the low integrity level, it can't read or write your document files or attach to any other running program.
Something that wasn't quite correct was when he talked about web site privacy and said that deleting browsing data on your end doesn't affect data collection for the site. That's true of statistical data, but untrue of personal data. The idea of collecting data or having private accounts for a web site goes back very early in the history of the world wide web. It was realized that if you have to collect browsing data or account information for potentially millions of individuals, even if it was only a few kilobytes apiece that was going to start taking up more storage space than a national library, which in turn would be expensive to set up and take up real-world physical space too for the servers. So the "cookie" was invented as a solution, and it worked so well that it's still being used and has expanded in function. A cookie is a data file that the site creates and stores on _your_ computer instead of the company's. By having data, tracking and login information stored on the user's system, it saves the site owner tons of money and storage space. Software that cleans up cookies and your web browser's data cache does indeed affect the site owner's ability to mine data other than statistics on how their site is being used. It affects their ability to track your use of their web sites and direct advertising at you because all of that information is stored in cookies, and cleaning out the browser cache means that if you go back, the entire web site has to be re-downloaded because you've deleted all of the data your browser got from that site before. In short, privacy software can make a big difference. What you won't delete is your account, IP address and generic statistical information the site gets about how it's being used. But specific information like "I just logged in to look at lawn mowers on Amazon" can be removed.
You missed one about internet service. If you have a 100 Mbps device and you download something. It will peg you bandwidth in task manager, but it will only show 10 Mbps in steam or epic. No one really has explained this which I'm sure has people scratching their heads.
Interesting myths, especially the tor/VPN one. I knew it talks to networks, but no idea governments would be able to create a bridge between you and them. Wouldn't surprise me if they have dedicated servers for this exact reason.
Love the fact that you post the names of the stock photos & videos you used. I detest channels that feature non-applicable stock that doesn't even illustrate the content.
3:42 actually the windows file explorer shows file sizes in "mebibytes" but since it shows the unit as MB it seems like "megabytes". but that would just complicate things even more 😂
What are you talking about? What the hell is a "mebibyte", anyway? Windows Explorer shows file size in kilobytes...I just double-checked to be dead certain. So, I gotta ask...what the hell are you smoking?
I called my ISP that bought the local region of the internet provider that I have used for 20 years to see if I could get the bill for my 100 MB or Mb, whatever it is😂 internet service lowered. The response was to try to sell me twice my current speed for half of what I was paying. For 2 years. Then WHAM !I educated them on what gaming uses just as you explained. I have a dozen devices on my network and never has the internet speed been an issue. I advocate for my friends because many of them are bought by the ads but never do the research.
How about .torrent's? There is myth that is easy to catch a virus, and it's only for pirating. Even though - it's quite interesting technic to distribute from multiple places
When data is being transmitted, it is done in its smallest form, bits (1s & 0s). So ISP advertise bps (bits per second) to indicate their network transfer speed (rate). Bytes are more used to represent storage sizes.
A concept I don't know is the difference between VPN and Proxy. Epic and Opera browsers have built-in proxies. Does the difference between those and VPNs even matter?
The probable main reason network (including internet) is in bits is because it is serial rather than parallel. You might have noticed that SATA is rated in bits, not bytes. Why? Because the S in SATA is for serial. Remember modems you'd connect to your phone? Yep, serial and rated in bits. OK, technically baud which doesn't necessarily equate to bits but usually does.
What about clicking links and downloading stuff through a virtual computer? Or even on windows sandbox? Arent't they able to attack personal stuff if the connection goes through the own wifi?
VMs will only protect your host machine from malware attacks. If you use your VM just like your host machine and give it all your data, your data is pretty much as vulnerable as the data you provided on your host machine
I've used 50mbps forever, we have some smart home stuff, and sometimes we stream in 2 devices at once. I download lots of stuff and game alot and I have never had slow internet when using ethernet!
You missed the obvious one myth: FCC CE BIS etc standardized phones and computers, servers do not fail. This is so untrue, as someone who has almost exploded Nokia 2.1 phone battery and Compaq laptops with burnt usb ports, i know exactly how unreliable these standards are in this internet age. Please dwell some light on these cases too
Hello, I know what I wanna to ask about is off topic really, I have watched your link about " Here's Why USB Drives Disappear in Windows Sometimes (+ How to Fix) ", you really have explained lots of issues in that topic, except one I wanna ask about, there was couple " Removable Disk with No Media " in your video, and I have the same with my USB stick, so I wanna know if you can give solution about how to fix it, I already tried everything, my removable USB stick will work with certain devices like TV or Projector and it wont be shown on any PC, I really have tried all solutions, but the removable USB stick wont even work or let me do anything with it on PC, and it doesn't have any programs or anything except couple videos, and it's Lexar 128 GB - Jumbdrive S55 ... Thank you
The byte is the most discrete amount of data that can be stored, and the bit is the most discrete amount of data a network can measure, hence why network speeds are reflected in bits whether it's megabits or just bits (e.g. 9600 baud in the olden days)
Im wondering about the interaction between Tor and a decent VPN. Would the VPN routing end up circumventing the nature of Tor making you “less secure” than using just Tor? How about vice versa? Or would it be more akin to nested protection making your activity more difficult than either of the others on their own?
Higher Bandwidth means everything is faster: He's not wrong, but also not right either. This is complicated so stay with me; bandwidth is measure of not just the speed at which something is loaded, but latency. Lower tier internet connections tend to have low upload speeds relative to download speeds, and these speeds are determined between point of origin and the ISP's server. The speed between the ISP's server and any remote server hosting a site, game, etc for your service isn't determined by the download speed but the upload speed from you to the ISP's server and then downstream to the remote server you're accessing. The slower the uploaded speed the greater the latency. You could have a 1 gbps download asymmetric connection with 1 mbps upload speed, and you'll never see more than 1 mbps download from the remote server you're accessing. Higher bandwidth connections are far more likely to have symmetric download upload, especially considering that higher bandwidth connections tend to be fiber optic lines and there's no point in limiting the upload speed. This translates to lower latency and faster ping, which translates to your connection to a server gaining priority over higher latency connections. This is how network shaping works within the TCP/IP instruction set. Lower latency connections gain priority because they can be served information faster than high latency connections. To put this simply a symmetric internet connection that is 50 mbps down and up will have faster connectivity and populate more of your download bandwidth from any remote server vs an internet connection that is 100 mbps down and 10 mbps up.
I'm on the highest speed tier available that isn't business grade internet in my country which only has 50mbps upload but 1000mbps download lol it's laughable that it's so slow on the upload but NBNco (Australia) won't change it because then there would be no incentive to businesses to have the business grade connection in their eyes 🙄. Oh it's also expensive too at $149 a month but it's cheap compared to a business grade connection which is like $399 minimum and even then you only get 1000 down 400 up for that price.
bandwidth is not a good metric of latency. latency is the wall clock time it takes a packet to travel from source to destination. If you go from something slow like 56K modem to 2 Mbps then latency will improve greatly. A 1500 byte packet at 56k might take 226milliseconds just to transmit. At 2mbit, a 1500 byte packet might take around 6 milliseconds. So you can easily shave over 200 milliseconds just from the higher bandwidth. Going from 2mbit to 30mbit might shave off some more time, but round-trip-times between New York and London might be 90 milliseconds. Other factors like speed-of-light, queue/buffer wait times, routing decision time, etc start to matter more. An asymmetrical 1mbps up, 1gbps down... can certainly get more than 1 Mega-byte per second down. A tcp ack packet takes less bytes than a tcp packet full of data.... plus a tcp ack packet can and regularly does acknowledge more than one received data packet. I mean the asymmetrical connections have enabled fast downloads for decades. For tcp, lower latency doesn't necessarily mean lower throughput. There has been a lot of tuning for long fat pipes. During the initial stages, higher latency means higher round-trip-time, so it will take longer to get to max speed... but it should get there. If you just care about download then 10up/100down will perform better than 50up/50down. An ack packet can be maybe 60 to 120 bytes, so a ten-fold reduction is not an issue. Plus an ack packet can acknowledge more than one packet.... Again, asymmetrical connections have enabled fast downloads for decades.
@@WyattOShea Its shocking how far behind other countries our internet services are here. Not only is it expensive internet access, we also still have caps on our usage for most plans.
9:14 I usually just notice that Firefox updates when I open a new tab after a background update happens because it shows me "Du måste starta om Firefox för att installera uppdateringen" (or YT breaks because Firefox refuses YT access to change to the next page URL).
Hell, my cell phone (that my wife insisted I get "for emergencies") largely lives on my desk. I think I've installed two apps. Unless I'm traveling far from home without her - a rare occurrence - and she makes me take it with me, I don't use it. Some 30 years in the tech industry told me all I need to know about these "personal spy devices"... and most of the time if I do travel with it, it lives in my EMF-sealed center console box. The last time she wanted to use it to make an "emergency" communication with me, it didn't come through until 4 days later... because I was in an area with no cell coverage at all (Death Valley). I really have very little use for the thing...
You explained the difference between MB (Megabyte) and Mb (Megabit), but many also write those as mb, which would be millibit. My favourite one is gb. I call it a gigglebit, because it's a laughable small amount, and of course gbps (gigglebits/s).
I guess grammatically, yes, but “Millibits” don’t really exist (in a data context). That implies a thousandth of a bit, and you can’t have a fraction of a binary digit otherwise it’s not really binary.
12:03 The only way to achieve some real privacy while using Tor is to d0wnload Tails OS onto a USB drive and boot Tor from that USB stick, rather than from Windows, MacOS, or Linux. Additionally, be sure to use public Wi-Fi and disable JavaScript in the Tor Browser for increased security.
@@greatwavefan397 When using public Wi-Fi, it can be more difficult for anyone to trace your internet activity back to your *specific location* or device, especially if you take additional steps to conceal your identity or use encryption tools like Tor.
@@greatwavefan397 When using a public Internet service, it would be more difficult to trace the activity to a particular user. For example, if you use McDonald's Wi-Fi, verifying that a particular person in the restaurant made a particular connection would be difficult.
3:10 I wish everyone used the same system we do in France, because a byte is technically referred to as an octet. So we use mo for MB and mb for mb, that way it's much easier to understand the difference without relying on capitalization.
That's actually a good idea, and it's logical. The "bit" and "byte" terminology came from early mostly English speaking programmers being kind of silly in their terminology, as people often do. But "octet" (eight of something) makes more rational sense to anyone learning from a Latin-based language perspective. It is, perhaps sadly, highly unlikely to ever spread out further than France and French-speaking countries.
@@MrJest2 this has me wondering why they still call bits "bits". But anyway, any programmer knows that puns are more important than clarity so bits and bytes it is, rip nibbles though
or if your a twitch or youtube I've streamer you need a good upload speed remember the upload is ually really bad in the US I'm hoping to get 1gb 1gb down same here soon because I do stream I need the good upload speeds
Free software vs freeware Java vs Javascript Resolution vs Bitrates HI-Speed USB vs Full Speed USB KB/MB/GB/TB in Hardware (based on 1000) vs Software (based on 1024) DOS vs Command line Linux is an OS Open source = free of charge = freedom = non-profitable ...
Yeah... I'm not even going to watch this video, because I know the difference between application layer and internet layer.... In other words, I know the OSI model.
The FBI can contact the VPN provider you are using, they can contact the NordVPN company and ask for that one specific IP address and ask Who is using it and so track you down !
7:31 ok, that can be really useful, specially when you have a lot of people using the same internet, like my cousin's house, that almost always my cousins, my father's siblings and my grandma breaks the wifi connection completely, or at least when i visit them
10:15 there is another reason, one file share in Czech republic got in trouble few years back because they ware saying that content you upload to them is now owned by them, if you gonna share or upload to fileshare something like child p0rn or other content from same category, Facebook or fileshare dont want to "own it".
6:48 yes, that's true, I mean, for almost all games, I play some online games and they even kick me for my low internet, so it's suspicious, but normally they use almost no network (but sometimes my pc even blocks use of network for no reason)
You can be tracked by your IP. Often with see on TV programs "We have there IP assess" and the next thing is the team turn up at an house/office/van...... This may be true for "static IP's" but for dynamic IP's and IP's in a NAT (Network Address Translation). Doing a trace on my IP6 got me to a town 13K away from my home. A trace on my IP4 got to a city over 25K away.
13:25 the connection between you and the good vpn e.g. Proton VPN is well encrypted. the ISP could only see Header Infotmation (Source+Destination MAC and IP)... And that's not being traced until its requested by law enforcement...
One byte per second is not the same as 8 bits per second. Bytes per second refers to the actual data exchanged, while bits per second refers to the link layer 1 or 0 value, which is not always data. For example, the ethernet protocol requires a minimum of 96 bits (12 octets) _between_ frames. These must be all zero, and do not transfer any data. They are required in order to reduce the error rate at the ethernet layer. The bytes per second reported by applications is usually the useful-data transfer speed, so also doesn't include ethernet or TCP/UDP headers. Overall, you can expect about a 10:1 ratio, or about 25% overhead, using TCP/IP. So if you have a 100mbps link, expect to get about 10MB/s through it.
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Thank you so much for explaining this part: 9:28 I’m glad that even though social media websites provide users the tools to upload and share anything they want, that doesn’t mean that those companies are now the owners of everything you post! (And saying that out loud, already sounds a bit too crazy even for sites like Google, RU-vid, and even Meta/Facebook!) RU-vid (and most sites) just have a royalty-free license to use your content, (text, videos, whatever) however they want, but that includes literally just allowing you to post on their site, and have your post visible on your account, on their site! BUT that does not really mean they are like Disney or the like, where you (supposedly) sign the rights away to your projects and stuff. (Although I think that’s where contract negotiation comes in? I’m not sure…) I’m glad to know that technically I not only retain ownership of all my post history and videos and stuff on all my accounts, but that technically, the nanosecond I create something, I own the rights to it! Granted, an actual registered copyright is more secure, but from what you said, it sounds like you don’t really need to worry too much about going to copyright offices and register copyrights on everything you literally make and share online! (That’s just a lot of stress that I can’t bother with right now anyway!😅)
I think that you really overstated how venerable you are when using TOR. Your attacks are "theoretically" possible but would require the resources of a nation-state who is looking specifically for you. They are not going to just randomly find you. TOR was developed by the US Navy and is used by many government agencies. I don't think that they would use it if they thought that it was as insecure as you make it out to be. Of the two, VPN's are order of magnitudes less secure in terms of government action unless they are very well run and open. Also you have to trust a VPN while little trust is needed for TOR. In general, if finding you is worth tens of millions of dollars or more, they are going to find you. Franky, you are much more likely to out yourself than for someone to break TOR to identify you.
Yes mostly right, but any gaming aficionado will tell you that while bandwidth is not that important low latency is paramount and the rule of thumb is the faster the speed the lower the latency. That is important for any interactive activity. Although I don't know how ISP measure their speeds in network protocols the Mbit/Sec is raw speed that means the amount of bits including protocol overhead. Computers, on the other hand, measure efective transfer rate, that is actual data (payload) received so a better approximation is 1 to 10 than 1 to 8.
high internet speeds are extremely questionable, like when i connect with american servers from europe, i have nearly the same ping time, which is about 150ms no matter if i do it from a network with 5mbps and 50mbps bandwith, i only experience connection issues when getting below 3mbps... also packet loss can be problematic on the way anyways, so even if you have 10gbps, you'll still extremely lag when connecting to servers over long distances, speed of light kinda sucks, ngl
One related comment about data rates. ISP's don't lie about the point-to-point data rate you subscribe to and pay for. A 100 Mbps connection really does send/receive each packet at that rate. However, ISP's do not advertise congestion speed reductions as they are variable and depend on instantaneous congestion on their network. For example, if you sail down an Interstate highway on-ramp at the speed limit (say 65 mph) but find congestion on the Interstate itself you must slow down. The speed limit is a certain value and on the short ramp to the highway you achieve it but the end-to-end speed is measured as much less.
I probably don't need to repeat that, for example, the FBI, CIA or NSA have contracts with Apple or Google, etc. to access the data of any users even without a court order! It will be procured additionally...
