148x210mm Arduino CNC plotter using 28BYJ-48 stepper motors

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I recently finished a project I had put off for TWO entire years after I initially couldn't get it to work. In this video I go over the pros and cons in the design of the almost entirely wooden plotter, and show you what to look out for when setting up your own Arduino CNC using unipolar stepper motors like the ubiquitous 28BYJ-48 with its associated ULN2003 driver board.
If you plan on building a similar plotter, consider supporting my work on this channel by purchasing parts via these affiliate links:
Stepper motors & drivers:
ebay.us/b03nZR
s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_AaVT1D
RC servo:
ebay.us/92l3xR
s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_A8xg8L
Arduino clone:
ebay.us/ef71O5
s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_A9TyaX
This way I may receive a small comission with no extra cost to you, allowing me to make more helpful videos!
Here's the modified GRBL I used: github.com/ruizivo/GRBL-28byj...
The g-code extension Gcodeplot I finally settled on: github.com/arpruss/gcodeplot
And Inkscape: inkscape.org/release/inkscape...
These are irrelevant if you just want to make your own plotter, but in case you want to mess around with the code:
GRBL 1.1 modified to work with unipolar X & Y axis: github.com/costycnc/costycnc-...
GRBL supporting a servo on pin 11: github.com/robottini/grbl-servo
And the discontinued MakerBot Unicorn extension: github.com/martymcguire/inksc...
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Support this channel on Patreon: www.patreon.com/user?u=81848920
Follow me on Twitter for random updates and personal opinions on different topics: @chronic_atronic
Join r/chronicmechatronic for occational peeks behind the scenes, or general project discussion!
Get my best photographic works on Shutterstock:
www.shutterstock.com/g/Floraf
Or download free stock photos from my profiles on Unsplash:
unsplash.com/@floraf
unsplash.com/@clicabout
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All Windows XP error messages were generated with the Atom Smasher Error Message Generator: atom.smasher.org/error/
Additional sound effects from www.zapsplat.com
Additional graphics from: www.cleanpng.com/

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Опубликовано:

20 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 121

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Damn, I said "start stop spindle command" but technically its only the spindle RPM command

@joetkeshub 2 года назад

I started watching this with little interest but I realized that the specific issues you fixed deserved attention. This post is instructive from that point of view.

@grahamnichols1416 4 месяца назад

Having stumbled upon this channel by accident |I immediately subbed due to the level of detail and research. Also, your uni-polar stepper motor driver module was a genius work of art. I salute your tenacity and methodical workmanship.

@ChronicMechatronic 4 месяца назад

Thanks :)

@ConorFenlon 2 года назад

Very nice project! Well done for sticking with it and seeing it through. You earned yourself another sub!

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Thanks for subbing! Welcome aboard! :)

@joetkeshub 2 года назад

I watch this amazing video again, just to hear you explaining the .gcode file. I came across that issue when switching from a CNC laser with a fixed Z to another with programmatically adjustable Z. Fixing the issue was less hard than the amount of investigation you've been through, a terrible challenge actually. With standardized design e.g. 3018 CNC .gcode files are often harmless even those containing exotic codes.

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

I think since pen plotters are kind of a niche product nobody really needs a lot of people have messed around with the software without there being one universal build (like marlin for 3d printers) everyone inexperienced can rely on... No idea why someone writing an Inkscape extension _specifically_ for a grbl plotter would make it run commands grbl doesn't understand, but for some reason that seems to be what happened.

@Arscell0 Год назад

Amazing work. Subscribed. 🎉

@omsingharjit Год назад

You are true diy Maker guy Everything made from scratch really appreciable work . 😊

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

As you can see I put a hell of a lot of effort into this video 😅 But my computer definitely doesn't like editing these complex 15+ minute videos with loads of animations! The editor crashes all the time 😒

@markskreen3344 2 года назад

Kinemaster - Best Mobile Video Editor...

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Oh I hate editing in mobile But thx for the tip 😄

@bmn1086 2 года назад

Nice work... Good 👍

@hexburner4157 2 года назад

Amazing, keep up

@tecnoaulaarg 2 года назад

Quedo genial felicitaciones

@markskreen3344 2 года назад

I also faced the same difficulties. thanks for the help))

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Glad it helps! Actually got the new plotter I talked about, coming up in January 😊

@markskreen3344 2 года назад

@@ChronicMechatronic this is a reason to subscribe))

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Good 😅 Welcome aboard!

@ashers_workshop 2 года назад

Amazing! I’m 14 and I’m building a laser cutter from old inkjet printers and 28byj-48 stepping motors like yours. I made sure to subscribe and like. Someday I’d like to make a little money from doing projects like these also because I like doing videography also.

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Great, welcome aboard, and merry Christmas!

@querraasrra630 2 года назад

Hello, friend from Chile, your work looks nice, greetings 👋

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Hi 😄

@manthilaranatunga5142 2 года назад

Very nice build. Now I want to build a pen plotter haha

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Do it ;)

@kamleshchavan7451 Год назад

Awesome ,simply great 👍 sir , it's an request sir , why don't you design your own arduino uno circuit to control the plotter , the way you designed PWM circuit using transistors. And a 433 mhz transmitter and receiver module circuit used for RC toys etc

@ChronicMechatronic Год назад

already did: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-Le--s_UO6Us.html

@ivangamer8022 Год назад

Awesome job

@Ed19601 2 года назад

Very interesting

@amper66c.d55 8 месяцев назад

your protter is very nice

@patrickrobinson317 Год назад

Great wok Ben !!! 😀😀😀

@ChronicMechatronic Год назад

Thanks! :)

@isntitawesome2104 2 года назад

its awesome.

@kamilerol2845 5 месяцев назад

Hello, Great project .I have a problem. how can we edit a printer writing document? How do I increase from 0-40mm to 0-150mm?

@Cybertruck1000 Год назад

Not sure how far you have got with these projects but using arduino uno with grbl shield yields results (use the grbl shield drivers instead of the ones that come with those motors. The grbl shield does away with a lot of fiddly wiring etc). If you use Makelangelo software you can load a svg and it will convert it to gcode. You can modify that gcode and get some pretty good results in terms of shading and effects (Makelangelo is software for polagraph plotters hence you need to tweak in something like notepad or Excel). I used two nema 17 and one 28BY-48 on the Z axis. The use of glass as the surface is good.

@ChronicMechatronic Год назад

I've since made an entire series about a new plotter which I ended up designing my own controller board for. Sure it's easier to use a shield, but the point of the project was not to waste fancy motor drivers on a toy I get bored of after 10 minutes :)

@Cybertruck1000 Год назад

@@ChronicMechatronic I can tell you love the torture. Good though that you've gone the way you have. It's a good way to learn. I've tried to keep the cost down. Couldn't imagine buying ready made plotter.

@youryash8514 Год назад

sir can i use nema 17 4kg load machine instead of it please reply please because i made it and it can not work properly

@richardcreese 2 года назад

Very nicely done. You might like to have a look at my homemade plotter.

@ISJELLY 2 года назад

nice video man . great job , i have made the 3d printed version of the same which uses the same stepper motor on the pen aswell. im facing issues of the plotter not drawing as it should all the shapes are not smooth and most of curves getting flat line. any idea what could cause that - im using JSCUT and sometimes the same extension in inkscape. still not getting smooth lines all wired flat and not organized lines. the motors im using are 28BYJ-48 5V with their drivers and an Arduino Nano . been 2 weeks working on it to fix the problem , still not getting lucky :( hope you can assist me

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Hmmm, weird... What Gcode sender/CNC controller software do you use? I've had that problem with the straight lines with another Inkscape extension I used before switching to gcodeplot. Also, if you have 3 steppers with their uln2003 drivers, what version of GRBL did you flash to the arduino? I've been wanting to develop a fully unipolar CNC for a while now, but modding grbl to acommodate a third uln2003 driver is beyond my coding abilities...

@waka7377 Год назад

me sale este error con el GRBL error: 'stepper_t {aka struct }' has no member named 'dir_outbits'; did you mean 'step_outbits'? st.dir_outbits = dir_port_invert_mask;

@srg_5941 2 года назад

super grat bro I am watching you from Saudi ariba 👍 keep going

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Cool, greetings from France :)

@srg_5941 2 года назад

@@ChronicMechatronic I hope you make a teasor from old tv

@franciscobinoeza9972 2 года назад

Moro no Brasil, sou louco por eletronica, nao possuo muito conhecimento, montei uma mini CNC que funciona bem, mas tenho dificuldades em criar arquivos em G-code, pode me ajudar???

@BEbouzywouzyBE 2 года назад

Nice!

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Thanks! 🤗

@chathurangajayanath7397 2 года назад

Why arduino code not work for arduino uno board. error message is come as "Error compiling for board Arduino Uno.". Why it happen

@ashokmujmule 2 года назад

Hi, can you suggest how to control z axis in place of servo controller

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Yeah, you need to modify the stepper.c file inside the grbl library in order to acommodate a third unipolar stepper motor for the z axis. As far as I know, that would be done by adding a third variable underneath the line: "int costyy=1;" and then copy/paste/adapting the stepper motion control blocks (the if blocks going like this: "if(costyy==[...]) PORT=[...]" into the segment that does the z axis. Now the part I don't know, is how to route the pin configuration in the cpu map - I'm not very good at coding, but I hope this helps :)

@ashokmujmule 2 года назад

@@ChronicMechatronic Thank you, I will do as per your comment then I reply its work or not.

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Thanks 🤞

@jimmihenry 2 года назад

Nice you did not give up! Did you use GRBL specified for servos? Like cprezzigrbl-servo Special Grbl version or robottinigrbl-servo grbl?

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Yes, but I believe I mentioned that in the video, and I specifically showed a screenshot of the robottini adaption. Sorry if I sound annoyed, but I wish people would watch the entire video before asking something that was actually mentioned in it - seriously, why do I even bother making an _entire_ video if everybody watches but 20%? But thanks for commenting anyway.

@jimmihenry 2 года назад

@@ChronicMechatronic I did watch the entire thing but i did not notice this detail .Sry :(. I also watched the second build from the beginning to the end :).

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Oh okay, sorry I was so harsh then :/ I just get it a lot on more popular vids, and it really leaves me wondering why I even try cram in as much information as possible... For the second build I'll go into much more detail on the entire software and electronics part, cuz it seems a very badly documented area in general :)

@onemancheeseburgerapocalypse84 2 года назад

1.5 K SUBS LES GOO

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Yeeeesss! ✨🎉🎈🎊

@MrDe0 Год назад

Awesome !!, would be really cool to add a laser module on it 🔥 Edit: 15:28 oh, you just said it ! 😅

@ChronicMechatronic Год назад

Starting to build a cheap laser cutter soon, for the plotter I had a free alternative: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-zB59hg8QerY.html

@patutyamaniaki6045 2 года назад

hey i really liked your project!!! do you have any kind of circut diagram you can share?

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

For the new plotter I'm currently working on I'll go into much more detail on the electronics and software part, as well as share all the circuit diagrams & design files :)

@patutyamaniaki6045 2 года назад

@@ChronicMechatronic oh okay thx its just that i am tis bit close to finishing my owbut could not figure the arduino iut

@user-ex6wo1xr5y 2 года назад

Hello, sorry to disturb you. I like your writing machine very much and want to make one by myself, but I cannot find a suitable L-shaped bracket. I would like to know what type of mrtal L bracket you have or do you cut it by yourself

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

No worries, I cut the L brackets out of an old computer case, however I really don't recommend this linear rail system at all, since the aluminum U channel itself usually isn't precise enough (inner width varies by a surprising amount) sanding the brackets till they really fit is quite a pain... If you look at my my more recent videos I'm currently building a plotter with a new linear rail system that should be much more forgiving when it comes to fabrication accuracy as well as changes in humidity. I hope that can inspire you, since the aluminum U channel rails really weren't that reliable, even though they're made from metal...

@user-ex6wo1xr5y 2 года назад

@@ChronicMechatronic thank you very much for your reply and advice

@Akre.gaming Год назад

❤❤❤❤❤

@mechanix5572 2 года назад

you had the same ideia as i with the wire linear system and you look like me in real life

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Haha, maybe we are doppelgangers

@Akre.gaming Год назад

Hello dear brother. I'm sorry, but I want to help. I did all the steps in the video, but only one motor works, but the x axis motor and the y axis motor do not work. What is the problem? Thank you

@ChronicMechatronic Год назад

I am sorry to disappoint you, but like I mentioned in a couple of videos I am just a beginner at programming myself, so I already have troubles getting my own stuff to work. Let alone being able to pinpoint an issue by a mere description. The only advice I can give you is: do more research, try to understand what each piece of code is doing, and don't ever give up :)

@Mix64747 10 месяцев назад

On which pins do you have endstops connected?

@ChronicMechatronic 10 месяцев назад

9&10 I believe

@arceditor333 Год назад

He's looking like will from stranger Things

@tanmaymanwar6333 5 месяцев назад

is that real speed ?? or huw many x ???

@destinobaracoa8363 2 года назад

Saludos. Please how is the switch is coneted...Im a new one on CNC.

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

I think I used this wiring diagram: www.lesimprimantes3d.fr/forum/uploads/monthly_2019_06/EndStop_NC.png.aa7a86215f312fed32af8d415d878ce0.png

@destinobaracoa8363 2 года назад

Muchas gracias. Mi Cnc plotter ya sido programa y probada a un nivel lógico, veo los clip en Led. Estoy en la fase de terminar los drivers con puente H. Estaremos en contacto.

@user-pd2fo1li6p Год назад

Hello! I have problems installing grbl on arduino uno. could you help me? Please

@user-pd2fo1li6p Год назад

writes "compile error"

@ChronicMechatronic Год назад

ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-f6xCfzfiD6Q.html

@abdiforeman6942 2 года назад

Can you make pcb circuits with this cnc?

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

28BYJ-48 steppers aren't precise enough

@JohirHayat-ze9dh 8 дней назад

brother i need your help

@mehriddinyaxyoyev 2 года назад

Can't move in drawing mode to make the dimensions more accurate and less expensive

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Wdym?

@souvanhnoelectricalandelectron 2 года назад

Help me to solve this problem. C:\Users\user\Documents\Arduino\libraries\grbl\stepper.c: In function 'st_wake_up': C:\Users\user\Documents\Arduino\libraries\grbl\stepper.c:192:8: error: 'stepper_t {aka struct }' has no member named 'dir_outbits'; did you mean 'step_outbits'? st.dir_outbits = dir_port_invert_mask; ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ step_outbits exit status 1 Error compiling for board Arduino Uno.

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Oh, I'm not good at coding, maybe try completely uninstalling all grbl libraries and then reinstall one fresh version

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

For the plotter im currently building I'll do an in-depth tutorial on the software part

@souvanhnoelectricalandelectron 2 года назад

@@ChronicMechatronic thank you very much

@nataliajewgeniuk7732 2 года назад

@@ChronicMechatronic hi! the error compiling is still showing, you need to remove the grbl library on Arduino, then open the stepper.c file and comment out line 192. If you open the Update stepper.c on github, you will see that the author comments some lines, all of these lines are refer to dir_outbits, a uint8_t variable that he commented earlier, so the program can no longer use it. Then reinstall the grbl library. Thanks for the videos, I recently found your channel and I love it!

@puttarangaiahv4159 2 года назад

Bro can u make a video to control cnc with Android phone

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

I will see if I can do it with my new pen plotter

@vaishacnambiar1131 2 года назад

Can I send gcodes to an arduino via a smartphone?🙂🙂

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Oh, not that I know of, but if you can find a Gcode sender app I guess it should be possible

@vaishacnambiar1131 2 года назад

@@ChronicMechatronic 🥰🥰

@04.ashwanthsvii-e23 2 года назад

could you give the gcode of the thumbnails ones

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

What for? 🤨😂

@04.ashwanthsvii-e23 2 года назад

Because my inkscape is not working and i dont know how to change the size to A4 as you had uploaded something like gear ⚙️ shaped some drawing so if you had g code for that could you please send me the link for it pls

@abpccpba 2 месяца назад

On your next one do not use string and tiny pulleys/nails to much stress/failures.

@franciscobinoeza9972 2 года назад

Boa noite! Fabuloso seu trabalho! Gostei muito. Posso entrar em contato com voce por E-mail? por favor! Tenha um bom final de noite!

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Thanks! Yeah I guess why not, email adress is in my about section, just know that I don't understand Portuguese, so I have to put everything through a translator :)

@sohanbhuiyan2544 2 года назад

Connection circuit?

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

I'm currently working on a new one where I will go into much more detail on the circuit and setting everything up!

@sohanbhuiyan2544 2 года назад

@@ChronicMechatronic when you upload the next video? Can't wait for it 😍!

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Pen plotter part 3 - installing the stepper motors is due tomorrow as I'm about to finish editing! 😅

@bprodu1 2 года назад

How can I install gcodeplot?

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Like any other Inkscape extension basically, download link is in the description inkscape.org/gallery/=extension/

@bprodu1 2 года назад

It worked! It works on the latest versions of Inkscape. Thanks!

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Great! 👍

@bprodu1 2 года назад

Now, I downloaded the Axidraw extension and I'll try It. It's easier.

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

I'll give it a shot

@Karpe_Deem 2 года назад

Your accent shouts America, your power bar shouts Europe. Where you from

@ChronicMechatronic 2 года назад

Europe, but was always enrolled at an American school + spent 1/4 of my life on US RU-vid

@moshiurrahmanmeraj6640 Год назад

ধের তোর প্যাচ্যাল কে শোনে ।

@qumruzzamantutu 9 месяцев назад

Now your bideo is outdated

@franciscobinoeza9972 2 года назад

Assisti seu video ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-s47uF0DVW1gi.html gostei muito de sua simplicidade em explicar. Quero saber mais. Obrigado!

@kamilerol2845 5 месяцев назад

Hello, Great project .I have a problem. how can we edit a printer writing document? How do I increase from 0-40mm to 0-150mm?