Americium is used for *ionic* smoke detectors. But now days it is *optical* smoke detectors that are commonly bought / used. It just use LED light and a photocell to detect the light from the LED. If smoke gets in the way, the detector will go off.
afaik, the LED in optical sensors is not pointed onto the detector. As soon as smoke gets in, the light from the LED gets scatteres and then gets into the detector, which makes them go off.
Fun fact:This WAS actually Trumps original motto, 😡 "Make AMERICIUM great again!" He thought the atomic weight was somehow diminished due to illegal aliens.. (Drum roll please) From outer space.
I’m a bit sad Palladium wasn’t even mentioned! There’s some groundbreaking research going on where Palladium and gold have been used in lasers to eradicate cancer cells. (That, and it’s one of the first Hardmode ores in Terraria.)
Palladium is commonly used as a catalyst in organic chemistry, the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to an organic synthesis which uses palladium as a catalyst.
Scandium is probably the most underrated one. It's used in light but strong alloys for things like baseball bats, bicycle frames to fighter aircrafts, metal-halide lamps, and in some lasers.
Thulium: Used for green spectral lines in arc lamps, but otherwise interchangeable with all the other rare earths. Francium: I'm lost here, it's far too radioactive to be useful. Research perhaps? Thallium: Dangerous toxin. Astatine: Studied for use in radiation therapy, and not much else. Promethium: Luminous watch dials before tritium was a thing, exotic fluorescent bulbs. Barium: Oil well drills to float rock chips out of the hole, used to trace the digestive system as it is opaque to x-rays, old vacuum tubes to eliminate air and moisture, YBCO superconductors, and makes for great dead chemist puns. Californium and onward: Nuclear research, things to name indescribably important people after.
Fun fact: I'm allergic to gadolinium. At least in the IV form used during MRIs. I know this because I had a heart attack and extreme anaphylaxis on the table during an MRI after they put it in my IV. Supposedly "no one is allergic to gadolinium!" I think all the people I've met since then, online or in person, who have also had reactions, would beg to differ right along with me. Stridently.
Another use for antimony: it's alloyed with lead to make it hard and strong enough to withstand the kinetic energy imparted on it by certian combustion reactions within specially designed metal chambers
I've known what neodymium is since I was 10. I'm sure everyone knows what they are by now since most people have at least one magnet with them in it. Heck, my vibrator uses neodymium snap magnets to recharge. I don't know why they chose that method but it's cool.
Actually you heard of neodymium magnets you thought that they were just a very strong type of magnet and is just a name but you didn't know that it was made of that type of element
These elements may not be so well known by most people, but they are pretty significant as rare metals go. I would love to see a video about truly obscure elements like lutetium and dysprosium.
Another interesting use for Gadolinium is in digital x-ray as a scintillator- when x-rays strike Gadolinium Oxysulfide (GdOS) it results in a secondary transmission of visible light, which photodiodes pick up to produce the pixel values in a modern radiograph. However by now, the more expensive and more sensitive Cesium Iodide (CsI) has pretty much taken over that role- even in low end systems.
Osmium is mostly used as an hardening agent in several alloys. As little as 0.1 to 1% may make a metal to brittle for normal use. The tips of armour piercing ammo can be made of tungsten-osmium steels.
Lorenzo Pagani Osmium is brittle, so it would fragment on impact and do tons of damage to the target. Because of osmium's high density, even a small fragment could carry lots of energy. Sounds like the perfect anti-tank round to me.
A really cool and informative segment I would love to see would be going through every element on the periodic table explaining its uses and its toxicity if any to humans. Also how abundant the elements are on earth as well as in the universe.
The thing I most often go to when I hear about osmium is osmium tetroxide, used for fixing and staining samples for optical and electron microscopy. A biology teacher in high school really drove home it's toxic when explaining how it worked.
Regarding Numer 4: I thought Ionisation Smoke Detectors use the Americium to ionise some molecules of "Air" to measure the current between 2 electrodes with a potential between them? They don't measure the radioactive decay itself.
Stibium is called Antimony only by English speakers and is also used in lead-free solder, some batteries, bullets, friction-resistant alloys, semiconductors, pigments, veterinary pharmaceuticals, etc.
In my Intro to Physical Science course a few semesters ago we had to choose a element of our choice to talk about to our classmates and I did my presentation over Osmium and I feel so proud being able to instantly recognize it's form from the thumbnail and clicked this video so fast to see if I was right. When he got to number 6 I was smiling ear to ear while he was talking about it. I'm very puzzled with my reaction since I haven't thought about it since then but I did take a liking to it when researching it knowing it wasn't a "popular" element topic like everyone else picked. These little things really make my day.
It at least applies that there are only 2 sexes, some people hold a differing definition of the word gender. I agree that it would be easier if we didn't have to deal with all these made up "genders", but your statement can't be confirmed as true unless you use circular logic in your definition of the word gender.
there are only 2 sexes, because that's defined by your genitalia, but gender is defined by what you feel in your mental self, so there are infinite possibilities because everyone is different. The vaguer we define gender as, the fewer different possibilities there are, because more people will fall within that.
Glassblowing lenses are made of didymium (Pr and Nd). The main purpose is to block the yellow sodium flare due to use of sodium as a flux in the soda-lime glass (normal "soft" glass). Record needles are typically carborundum or sometimes diamond. There is so much more that you state as fact that is really just an alternate to more common materials.
I still remember my Chem professor going on about her thesis dealing with transition metal catalysts, with a focus on Osmium compounds, then later hearing about it's other uses like here. It's one of those odd metals that crops up in the oddest situations.
I truly appriciate your great references. I enjoy the quick informational videos, however I feel that it gives your video that much more validity by showing where the information came from. :) Thanks for continuing to teach me science in a interesting way.
2:36 Very few microphones are of the dynamic (electromagnetic) type. Practically all microphones made in the last 30 years (and probably longer) are condenser microphones, which operate by varying capacitance. The most common type of condenser microphone is the electret. Increasingly, microphones are manufactured as MEMS devices (micro electromechanical systems, i.e. mechanical microchips), where the electret microphone is extremely tiny.
Americium was made famous by David Hahn in the 90's by scavenging smoke detectors to gather the 241Am to make his breeder reactor for an Eagle Scout project. While the reactor never achieved critical mass, his mothers back yard and shed became a superfund site and had to be cleaned by the EPA. The tiny amount of radiation in the smoke detectors are Alpha rays and the gold that the Am is sandwiched between is a noble metal, and absorbs most of the rays. Pretty interesting.
I’ve heard of Praseodymium, Neodymium, Americium (though I didn’t recognize the name at first), Osmium, and Antimony. I have not heard of Yttrium, Californium, or Gadolinium. Thanks for the educational video. I think that Lithium and Bromine are really underrated. They’re so useful for reactions. Bromine more so. Than Lithium, but Li gets special attention because it’s less reactive than the other alkali metals and being the safest to handle, as well as LAH.
I can say, the smoke from plastics that have antimony trioxide is horrible, it burns your throat and yet also feels like you are breathing in a bunch of needles at the same time. I work a plastic extruder and we run flame retardant plastics regularly, a couple of which use that antimony trioxide.
dankmemelord Ouch, I am so glad my joints fall apart under stress rather than the bones breaking. Hope your finger heals soon without too much pain. In the meanwhile strap the damaged finger to the one next to it to provide support, it's what the hospital call 'buddy strapping' and it will help.
See, I like this guy and Hank. They make it look like they are actually explaining whatever to us instead of speaking and moving like a robot, making it obvious that they're reading from a script.
In my Oilfield experience most companies actually use Americium-Beryllium, not Californium, as a chemical neutron source. However, this may not be the same type of measurement that you're referring to with a "Moisture Meter". For density measurements, Cesium-137 is used as a gamma-ray source. More recently, many companies have moved towards pulsed neutron generators which, while being more expensive, only emit neutrons when power is applied. This has the safety benefit that if the device is lost in transport or abandoned underground, it stops being radioactive. Source: My Oilfield Experience.
[01:38] charted to the right-of but it 'sits' one element greater in the Lanthanides; the table you're using is not the only way to represent the elements in characteristical orientation....
They're looking at stopping the use of antimony and using more phosphorus or organic based components in flame retardants (or they were last I checked). It's just finding ones that are effective enough while still having the processing and durability properties manufacturers want.
Osmium hadn't been used in fountain pen for probably a hundred years. It's far too toxic. Historically the tipping on the nib was an impure mix of osmium & iridium, but since maybe 1930 or 1940 it's been an alloy of iridium and platinum. The other reason osmium isn't used much is that it's extremely expensive, on a par with platinum. Osmium tetroxide (danger, Will Robinson!) does get used in certain microscopy stains, but it's one of the nastiest chemicals around. It might also get used in organic synthesis, but again, very nasty stuff.
2:39 ah so that’s how samsung made that charger that charged your phone when ‘singing’, I always wondered how they turned sound into (by phone usable) energy
What about the usage of those elements in catalysis? I always thought that these elements were vital to help unlock some important organic reaction pathways.
It will dry up in your colon and lower intestine then you will become unable to pass anything and you will rupture your bowel resulting in death from internal bleeding. Or you will just eventually shit your self.
Fascinating. With the widespread use large elements in electronics, I'd be surprised if everything is of natural origin. How/where do these elements originate?
6 лет назад
as long as you only want the fruit, you'll never see it grow. water your plant, not just walk by, pick the fruits and act like you're the kind of person that would water it. study science.
That feel when you put in your retainer for the first time in two and a half weeks. Also the only two I hadn't heard of are praseodymium and gadolinium. I like this channel
Here is a list of possible subjects: Why do I hate the smell of baby formula? How does a watch work?(Mechanical, quartz, complications, etc.) Does polishing platinum really not remove metal? Does Gold oxidize? Can I be allergic to gold or platinum? I'm a watchmaker so I already know some of these but I things but I think a lot of people would want to know them.
Question: I understand super heavy elements can be made in a lab by smashing a different atoms together, but that only makes amounts on the magnitude of a few (hundred?) atoms at a time. How to non-natural elements (like Californium) get created in amounts large enough to be used in industry?
Am-241 in smoke detectors is measured by the amount of radioactivity given off per second, usually known as the "curie", a microcurie or less is used in smoke detectors today, which given the 3.4 Ci/g ratio for Am-241, is about a THIRD of a microgram or less, basically hundreds of NANOGRAMS.
nuclear moisture gauges aren't the only tool used to detect moisture or density. Electroresistivity loging can also be used to detect which materials are at different depths
hi, MRI researcher here. I enjoy your videos a lot but I wonder where you got your info about MRIs... happens that they don't use neodymium magnets (yet) but supraconductive coils, and that there is no moving part except for the table...
Few MRI machines use permanent magnets, but certainly not the one shown, which undoubtedly uses a superconducting electromagnet. Power plant generators are certainly not excited with permanent magnets! They are separately excited, ie like an electromagnet.
