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A course in Cognitive Linguistics: More about metaphor 

Martin Hilpert
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This is the fifth episode of a course in Cognitive Linguistics. This episode returns to the topic of conceptual metaphor, with an eye to the question whether there is always bidirectional activation from source domain to target domain, and vice versa. Psychological experiments by Lera Boroditsky and Daniel Casasanto show that target-to-source activation does not always happen. This is an important caveat to the conceptual view of metaphor.

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30 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 35   
@Somashimama
@Somashimama 9 лет назад
Oops, my answer was: "Satudray". Hashtag Russians 👀😺
@mehmetyonatcepo9102
@mehmetyonatcepo9102 4 года назад
Dear Prof. Hilpert. I almost watch all of you videos. I find them very good. I study on Kurdish language and I am native at both Kurdish and Turkish. Moreover. I am not bad at English. About todays sentence, if I give the answer in Tukish and English languages "the meeting day" is Friday. But if i translate it in Kurdish the answer will be "Monday.
@mike64424
@mike64424 6 лет назад
On the slide titled as "contradiction of the strong view", you said that the graph showed that "you don't need spatial thinking to reason successfully about time" and that it spelled trouble for the strong view of the metaphoric structuring hypothesis. The reason behind that was that in the experiment number 2, temporal prime influenced on temporal target question more than spatial prime did. However, I think that temporal primes "e.g., Thursday comes before Saturday" themselves are based on spatial primes, otherwise what does it really mean that Thursday comes before Saturday?! In addition, as you may know, in Persian calendar the week starts with Saturday and ends with Friday which puts Thursday after Saturday. Therefore, even when we think we are talking about being temporally primed, we are actually spatially primed at a deeper level.
@1995yuda
@1995yuda 3 года назад
Interesting observation bro
@sharonsmall4144
@sharonsmall4144 9 лет назад
Haha, that is really fun. I did choose Friday. I was wondering about Monday but it didn't seem quite right in counting two days forward. Isn't this amazing
@gonnory4344
@gonnory4344 4 года назад
I didn't get the experiement of Monday !! can u clarity it please .
@kimebensgaard5936
@kimebensgaard5936 9 лет назад
I went with Friday, too... and now I can't get that stupid Rebecca Black song out of my head.
@elenagolovach384
@elenagolovach384 2 года назад
maybe in the task of comparing faces when the pictures are located close requires less attention resources which allows you to find more differences than to switch attention between two long-range pictures
@seribelz
@seribelz 4 года назад
I chose friday, but if I think in spanish (my native lang) I choose monday, wth?
@jananias2985
@jananias2985 9 месяцев назад
This is an amazing series! I've always had an interest in linguistics, but it's so cool how much language and cognition go hand-in-hand. And especially as a student-teacher, it's really nice to think about how metaphors and analogies I use in class are processed by students.
@chromejaeger
@chromejaeger 4 года назад
Team Friday....✌
@mohammadzamani72
@mohammadzamani72 4 года назад
TEAM FRIDAY!
@remyb1205
@remyb1205 2 года назад
I think that the negative result in relation to perceiving may be accounted for with an "horizon of expectation". Since the percepts are supposed to be independent from each other, when the "intensity of contact" between them (spatial proximity) is stressed, the dissimilarity is stressed. On the contrary, concepts are supposed to be part of a whole (called Logos) so that when the intensity of contact is stressed, the similarity is stressed. Bottom line : the intensity of contact reinforces the basic assumption we have about the relation of the elements.
@WubstepUK
@WubstepUK 9 лет назад
Wow! This is amazing! As well as studying Lang/Lit, I study Psychology and Graphic Design, and I've been trying to find research on design psychology/perception, and this is the closest thing I've come across so far! In design, I use juxtaposed elements to place emphasis on each individual element separately, but that's as far as my explanation goes. I wonder, too, what are the practical applications of this research, perhaps in advertising, or persuasion? Like, say I want more people to buy a long term/future plan, would placing images of long extending roads (or a plane landing) in the advertising have a significant increase in number of long term plans bought. *Seeing a plane land makes you choose future option* - essentially. This is fascinating. Next near (A2), I'm doing an EPQ, and I think your videos will inform what I study greatly. Thank you for taking the time to create these videos!
@LeM502
@LeM502 3 года назад
19:40 I always imagine a time period of one year as a circular shape with time moving clockwise through the months, which themselves take up equal portions of the circle. I have no idea where this image came from, but that has long been my preferred mental model of the passing of a year. So I'm quite confident we all use plenty of such metaphor-based conceptual tools in our thinking without even recognizing that they, really, are metaphors.
@tomwright9904
@tomwright9904 4 года назад
Team Monday :P (but only after thinking about it for a second)
@Joshuafukumoto
@Joshuafukumoto 3 года назад
Very interesting. I got Monday, and my reasoning was that the meeting was moving forward, towards me.
@fitinenglisch6530
@fitinenglisch6530 4 года назад
Team Monday here! Really interesting subject matter and presented very well!
@nesrinberoual8697
@nesrinberoual8697 8 лет назад
good
@manafsherbatji4430
@manafsherbatji4430 5 лет назад
I intuitively thought about Friday when I had been primed with no space effect in the beginning of the video. Why?
@gabrielabernal5181
@gabrielabernal5181 5 лет назад
But you were primed with the cockpit video moving forward
@andriykaramazov998
@andriykaramazov998 9 лет назад
We were the group of 25 people in the metaphor class and as far as I remember only 2 or 3 answered Monday (to that question about meeting). I also answered Friday, like the most. I did not understand the experiment with the growing lines.
@MartinHilpert
@MartinHilpert 9 лет назад
Go Team Friday! ;)
@MartinHilpert
@MartinHilpert 9 лет назад
The growing lines show the asymmetry between time and space: Seeing a long line fools people into thinking it took the line a long time to grow: time estimates are exaggerated. Seeing a long growth process does *not* fool people into thinking that the resulting line must have been very long. So regardless of growing speed, people estimate length very accurately. Bottom line: spatial thinking influences temporal thinking, but not vice versa.
@andriykaramazov998
@andriykaramazov998 9 лет назад
Martin Hilpert Ok, I got the point now. Thanx!
@chauphong5712
@chauphong5712 6 лет назад
Friday
@pawelwysockicoreandquirks
@pawelwysockicoreandquirks 8 лет назад
I disagree that space is used as a metaphor for time. They simply belong in the same category - that's a huge difference linguistically. In fact, both are dimensions - they have direction, units, length etc. What the research proves is that our brains are capable of understanding that. When we talk about the hooves of a moose, is it because we're using a metaphor of a cow, or because they belong in the same category? Now, since time is a dimension, we can talk about various points of reference - the participants who decided that Friday was the answer assumed the present moment to be their point of reference, whereas the second group chose the time of the meeting as their point of reference. Dimensions don't pertain only to time and space. Anything that can take on values can be plotted on an axis and it's not a matter of metaphor but simply of how important dimensions are to the way we perceive the world. One is not a metaphor of the other but both simply belong in the same category. As far as warmth and sympathy go, the average temperature of the air is 14 degrees Celcius, whereas the temperature of the skin is about 35 degrees Celcius. So the physical closeness between, say, the mother and her child is associated with warm temperature - but that actually is a metaphor.
@pawelwysockicoreandquirks
@pawelwysockicoreandquirks 8 лет назад
+Pawel Wysocki About the only difference between space and time is how susceptible to distortion is our perception of the latter, where 5 years of your life disappear in a blink of an eye, while 30 seconds waiting for your file to start downloading seem to drag on forever.
@pawelwysockicoreandquirks
@pawelwysockicoreandquirks 8 лет назад
+Pawel Wysocki Again, something I've been thinking about a lot recently, so I'll just share my thoughts here. In order to organize anything we always need some space in which to organize it. One dimension is often all we need, but our choice here is arbitrary, and so we've organized politics from left to right, musical sounds, prices, mood along the vertical axis (high/low pitch/prices, high spirits, to feel low), time and progress around the third axis (fast-forward in time, to look back, advanced technology, backward views).
@EleonorafromCassero
@EleonorafromCassero 7 лет назад
Hi Pawel, I'll try to convince you that the metaphor works. You say that "both are dimensions - they have direction, units, length etc." This definition is already the result of a conceptualization. If you go back and look at the terminology, you'll notice that a conceptual metaphor maps one "domain" (of experience) onto another. The "time domain" is different than the "dimension of time", which is a concept, describable by a set of other concepts (such as "units of time", which do make sense, but only once you think about time as some sort of "matter" that can be divided up into units. We don't experience time in discrete units - it's more like a "flow", actually, which is another metaphor - but we can think about it in that way). The fact that you can think of dimensions that can be disposed on an axis is the result of cognitive metaphor as a conceptualization device.
@EleonorafromCassero
@EleonorafromCassero 7 лет назад
Exactly. There's a lot of studies arguing that these dispositions are not casual but instead motivated by metaphors. The case of organising a graph is emblematic: bigger ('higher') numbers, units and magnitudes are up; an increase is represented by something going higher (More is Up is a deeply entrenched metaphor). If there's a decrease, then it drops. Same for musical notation. There's really a lot of complex examples and of research that you can look into, if you are interested in the topic.
@pawelwysockicoreandquirks
@pawelwysockicoreandquirks 7 лет назад
Hi, Eleonora. Thanks for your reply. You've convinced me that this at least might be the case. :)
@fukkyouthatswhy
@fukkyouthatswhy 4 года назад
with the experiment at 27:33 i think the results are the way they are with the pictures is because i noticed my mind had to juggle both one at a time and that reduced the accuracy of comparison as comapred with the 1st two girls who were close to each other my brain could sort of merge them together to notice the subtle differences becaus ei could see both of them at once without the need to juggle i think it can be indicated in your eye movements as well :P , also there was no juggling with the words edit alright i guess juggling was my metaphor for the conception perception distinction :P hahah this lecture is so meta i love it
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