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A Short History of the Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts

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Illuminated manuscripts are handwritten books that are highly decorated in precious materials like gold or silver. The use of metallic materials like gold and silver is what gives these texts their name ‘illuminated’, as they reflect the light. These handmade books were often on Christian scripture, but some early examples have survived such as the works of ancient writers like the Roman poet Virgil. Muslim artisans also created books using the same technique to ornately decorate their books, but the term illuminated manuscripts usually only refers to works produced in Europe on Christian themes.
Illuminated manuscripts were expensive to purchase, which means only those with plenty of money could afford them. Illuminated manuscripts were initially only created by monks in abbeys, but as the demand increased and they became more popular, their production became commercialised. The Book of Hours, a Christian devotional of prayers, was the most popular type of book, given that more Book of Hours texts have survived than any other works produced during the time.
It was between the seventh and the sixteenth centuries that the greatest examples of illuminated manuscripts were created, since by then the basics of illustration and decoration had been perfected. The best known, and probably the quintessential illuminated manuscript dates from c. 800 and is known as The Book of Kells. The Book of Kells was produced by the monks of St. Columba’s order of Iona in Scotland somewhere, but a precise location isn’t known (although there are many theories about its composition which place its creation in places like the island of Iona, Kells in Ireland, or Lindisfarne in Britain.
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- CHAPTERS -
0:00 Introduction
0:54 What is an Illuminated Manuscript?
2:31 Materials Used to Make Illuminated Manuscripts
3:39 How Were Illuminated Manuscripts Made?
6:17 The Early Illuminated Manuscripts
7:23 The Book of Kells
8:42 The Printing Press and the End of the Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts
- WANT TO KNOW MORE? -
Illuminated Manuscripts www.worldhisto...
Twelve Greatest Illuminated Manuscripts www.worldhisto...
Book of Kells www.worldhisto...
The Daily Life of Medieval Monks www.worldhisto...
Interview: Early Medieval Irish Book Art www.worldhisto...
The Printing Revolution in Renaissance Europe www.worldhisto...
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15 авг 2024

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Комментарии : 70

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 2 года назад

Have you ever seen an illuminated manuscript like the Book of Kells? Let us know which one and what you thought of it!

@HistoryfortheAges 2 года назад

The Getty Museum in CA, had an exhibit of some Illuminated manuscripts a while back.

@spackretired 10 месяцев назад

In 2022, the Gospels of Henry the Lion were exhibited again in Wolfenbuettel (dated in 1188). I went there to check it out. For a time it was the most expensive book in the world.

@mcsprungis9398 7 месяцев назад

“Just as the sailor yearns for port, the writer yearns for the last line.” That is an incredibly profound quote which I am sure the original writer would be stoked to know has struck a chord with another person hundreds of years in the future. Love the video, you have great energy, subscribed.

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 6 месяцев назад

Welcome and thank you so much! We agree that that quote is very profound.

@drkatel Год назад

5:57 The notes in the margins are fascinating. Really humanizes the scriptorial monks.

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia Год назад

We agree. 🙂

@stevenbrown9275 2 года назад

I’ve never seen an illuminated manuscript in person, but have spent a lot of time admiring photos of them. Another excellent shirt being worn by Kelly and another great video.

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 2 года назад

Thanks for watching Steven!

@victoriaolson8985 2 года назад

I saw the Book of Kells exhibit in Dublin. They have it open to one (same) page for months. It was not a painted page, just writing and some inked lines that I saw. It’s actually a relatively small book, compared to our general assumption that such works were oversized.

@adamc1966 2 года назад

Happy New Year Kelly...good to see you again.

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 2 года назад

Happy New Year to you, Adam! Thanks for watching.

@enricamartinengo2070 2 года назад

Wonderful, thanks a lot 🐾🌞☮️💫

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 2 года назад

Thanks for watching!

@matthiaswille7137 2 года назад

Especially the reference to female authors ( nuns ) I found very interesting.

@MrDowntemp0 2 года назад

Excellent content as always! I enjoy learning here!

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 2 года назад

Glad you enjoy it!

@REDPANDAZ777 9 месяцев назад

Interesting history!

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 8 месяцев назад

It is indeed. Thanks for watching!

@kristoforperkola6923 2 года назад

Great video. Learned a lot!

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia Год назад

Glad to hear it!

@storykli5137 2 года назад

Great overview and breakdown of the process. One question: what's the evidence/source material for the Church not adopting paper merely because it was not from the west? so much of the eastern sciences, technologies, and philosophies were first adopted and introduced and proliferated into the medieval society through the church (monasteries and universities as centers of learning) during this period such as medicine, astronomy, gun powder not to mention coffee that I find it hard to believe they singled out something as harmless as paper as something they wouldn't adopt merely because it wasn't of "Christian" origin...

@deniseforsythe8965 11 месяцев назад

Thanks for asking that question because it is the same question that came up in my mind when watching this.

@Gofaw 21 день назад

There is no evidence for it, there's over 140 copies of New Testament pages written in papyrii. This channel is stealthily counter signaling Christianity with these sorts of made up facts and the use of CE

@scurvyjoe269 Год назад

I have a copy of the Book of Kells, which has illustrations of the original manuscript’s folios when they were in their former glory. Or you can say what they would look like back then. It even has information about each folio in my copy of the Book of Kells. I also ordered the Book of Durrow on Amazon, and I can’t wait to have it delivered to my home! Also, I can’t wait to see the illustrations in the Book of Durrow as well! I’ll be sure to enjoy it! (These books are just reproduced copies of the illuminated manuscripts. I would never even touch the originals. They are that Heavenly!)

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia Год назад

Nice, enjoy! And thanks for watching. 🙂

@VampireHeart518 Год назад

That sounds amazing! I was actually wondering WHY (or if) there aren't copies after medieval illuminated manuscripts readily available for purchase

@Nusrich_06 Год назад

Brilliant video! Back in December last year I had the chance to do a viewing of Hereford Cathedral’s Wycliffe Bible, completed in 1420. It isn’t completely illuminated, but there are many floral embellishments in red & blue ink, as well as decorated capitals at the beginnings of each chapter and each book. The first of these, the letter “I” of “in” at the start of Genesis is gilt & fully illuminated though, and was a sight and a half to behold.

@thefanone 2 года назад

I really enjoyed this video. Very informative. Way to go team!

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 2 года назад

Thanks for watching, we're glad you enjoyed it!

@Banana_man6785 Год назад

this is great information! Well done! 👍

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia Год назад

Thank you so much! We're so glad you enjoyed it.

@noemidreispiel1481 4 месяца назад

I have a copy of The Book of Kells and I pick up it some times to look at the pictures.From Buenos Aires.Argentina.

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 4 месяца назад

Nice! Thanks for watching!

@dalemacinnis3385 8 дней назад

Thank you for the generalized history of Illumination. I am particularly interested in examples of Illuminated books / pages from Finland / Estonia created during the mid 1300 hundreds. Might you be able and willing to point me in that direction?

@LaGrammont27 8 месяцев назад

Yes I saw the amazing Book of Kells in Ireland, a real treasure. I would also like to see Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry in Chantilly, and The Book of Hours of Anne de Bretagne at the Bibliotheque Nationale de Paris, which is illustrated with all the medieval flowers in her garden and their uses.

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 8 месяцев назад

They are stunning books indeed. Thanks for watching!

@domromano4117 5 месяцев назад

I wish you the best. Thanks

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 4 месяца назад

Thanks! We wish you the best too. 😊

@HistoryfortheAges 2 года назад

Just found your page, I am going to go through some of your videos. I teach History and sometimes look for good content to recommend to my students. I have a several lectures on my channel as well on the Middle Ages, they are more lecture style for my students.

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 2 года назад

Hi David, thanks for watching! We hope you find some helpful videos on our channel!

@hellofditties 2 года назад

really enjoyed this video :3 the examples were gorgeous. i've never seen one in person but living in london i'm sure there's some nearby...

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 2 года назад

Glad you enjoyed it! Thanks for watching, and hopefully you get a chance to see one in person one day!

@parisfrance6483 Год назад

Love the video 💯

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia Год назад

Thank you so much. 🙂

@regatta2k 2 года назад

Wish the channel improves the quality of the Audio by bringing the microphone closer to the presenter. Thanks.

@richardmahaffey2957 2 года назад

I saw Illustrated pages in Turkey from the 17th Century according to the seller. While not illuminated manuscripts these were said to be copies of books for students to study.

@NP-gb5su Год назад

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia Год назад

You're welcome.

@jackperson3626 8 месяцев назад

Thanks!

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 8 месяцев назад

Thank you, Jack! We really appreciate it. 😊

@suzannecooke2055 4 месяца назад

Since medieval manuscripts were written on vellum or parchment, would the pigments used also have been used as dyes?

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 4 месяца назад

For sure. They used pigments like yellow ochre, malachite, turmeric, and azurite. Thanks for watching!

@salligraphy5629 4 месяца назад

It should be mentioned that though referring to the Book of Kell’s as an “illuminated” manuscript, it does not contain any gold!

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 4 месяца назад

That's right. Thanks for watching!

@enchampress 8 дней назад

badly wanna see one in real life

@nalrader 2 года назад

I really appreciate that you use CE as opposed to AD in reference to the years most of western civilization has counted years since the supposed birth of Jesus.

@DiddyWheldon Год назад

Im researching brythfyths manuscript at the minute

@ramoses5912 2 года назад

I greatly enjoyed the video, paper (papyrus) was invented in ancient Egypt. 🤔🤔

@user-qt2lq3gx3d 2 месяца назад

Fantastic fancy index lolipopeyes, sweet information yeah, regards oxbows J ddigo, hugs 🤗😜 aunty carmeelala

@GlendaloughJewellery Год назад

Theres no evidenve Irish monks had access to any previously produced illuminated manuscripts, the book of kells dudnt follow an established tradition. The first illuminated manuscript was An Cathach, produced by Columcille before exiling himself to the scottish island of Iona, forming the first of many monasteries built by irish monks in Scotland, England and Wales. It is a little understood anomaly of history, your video refers to European manuscripts, there wasnt a european manuscript heritage without Ireland and its monks leaving ireland firever to preach and educate throut all Europe. Salzburg in Austria is one of many European cities built on a site first occupied by an Irish monastery. Ireland was known as the centre of learning throughout Europe. The first time the term Europe was used was in reference to Columbanus, calling him Saint of Europe. The English sent their children to be educated freely in irish monasteries. The book of Lindisfarne was produced in a monastery established by Irish monks. "Saxon" monks werent taken seriously unkess they had been educated in Ireland.

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 11 месяцев назад

Thanks for sharing your thoughts.

@terrysmith4831 3 месяца назад

You just lost me using c.e.

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 3 месяца назад

We're sorry you feel that way, Terry, but we have been using the BCE/CE dating system for over 10 years now. Here is some more information about why we use it: worldhistory.org/article/1041/the-origin--history-of-the-bcece-dating-system/

@Gofaw 21 день назад

Don't ask these spiritual jews which event started the ""common era"" lmao. It will always be Anno Domini

@davina3358 Месяц назад

Funny how the use of papyrus seems "pagan" yet killing animals and using their skin as a paper seems very Christian.

@Gofaw 21 день назад

There's over 140 copies of the New Testament written in papyrii. You don't need to talk about subjects you know nothing about

@Chungustav 8 месяцев назад

You lost me when you started using C.E. I don't need the anti-Christian signaling

@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia 8 месяцев назад

Thank you for your feedback, but it's not anti-Christian signaling. It's just an alternative dating system that is becoming more prevalent in academic circles.

@mara3842 19 дней назад

Teachers like this were the reason I hated history all throughout school. This is such an exciting topic yet this is one of the most boring lectures I have ever heard.