guth strikes me as the kinda genius who has to make a real effort to slow down and simplify the way he normally thinks in order to have conversations with other people, even when the other people are very smart
Amazing! If everyone knew and understood these concepts even a little, we might be learn to dismantle our egos, and work together to improve our human condition.
@@Buzz_Kill71 Sadly, these facts would probably never become a rallying point since too many are unable to think critically, much less practice common sense. But those who possess a desire for self-improvement and who strive to expand their minds have a real opportunity to grow here.
@@Kritiker313 I do believe the area CTT delves deeply into that might be effective for the dormant thinkers is "consciousness"! The fact that we are aware. Perhaps the cosmos is vast, but at this moment, humans are all we see as intelligent life. The random violence, hatred, resource wasting/hoarding must be stopped, willingly. The teaching of our uniqueness would penetrate many more minds if presented as school curricula instead of the curiosity based access you and I currently excercise.
The Philosophical Consequences of these theories are so import.I wish everyone watched this video to understand how stupid it is to waste our life on annoying each other!
One consequence is that, since anything that can happen - anything with a non-zero probability - must happen. Since you (or I, or anyone else) had a non-zero probability of being, we were all necessary beings who *must* have come into existence at some point in spacetime. Also, any fictional character that can physically and logically exist actually does exist in some part of spacetime. There are probably some other philosophical implications, but that's enough for now.
the main question is what's behind this what we call universe, or what is this universe a part of. If I knew what it was I couldn't care less about how it works
“Space is big. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mind-bogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think it's a long way down the road to the chemist's, but that's just peanuts to space.” Douglas Adams
It's fantastic listening to really, really clever people like Alan Guth speaking - a nice reminder that there is hope for the human race - and tremendously thought-provoking.
"a nice reminder" Not so fast... For each Alan Guth humanity makes a million Trumps, a million Blairs, a million George Bushes... You get the idea, that is a tremendously concerning reality of life.
Humans have always underestimated the grandness and the vastness of the universe, and always over estimated the puniness and tininess of their non existing gods.
Alan Guth, unlike a lot of very high-functioning scientists/physicists/theologians, is also articulate and mindful that he is speaking to people who may not share his unique knowledge. He's easy to follow and yet he's not pandering.
Right. Scientists are limited because reproducible experiments cannot be performed especially when talking about the size of the cosmos. The speed of light isn't fast enough to overcome the expansion rate.
We're living thru an age where ignorance is perhaps considered a virtue. This channel should have millions of subscribers but there are only 22,000. What a shame.
How right you are...We are so lucky to live in an age where knowledge is so freely available but what most aspire to is the mundane. There was a time when the true stars of the age were the scientists, inventors, explorer...sadly now its the pop stars...how could this have happened!
Not sure about empirical evidence ( please, tell us what you understand about your empirical evidence) however, what are the alternatives? Brute fact? Created by entity, God, alien or otherwise? Only 4 choices says Susskind. The circular god arguments are the weakest of them all, for just that reason & logic alone.
The grains of rice doubling on 64 squares would result in: 4,617,054,686,587,387,904 grains on the 64th square; A total of 9,234,109,373,174,775,808 grains on the whole board. This is also how many ancestors we each have, in 65? generations.
No because people appear multiple times in your family tree. But how can this be. We’d all be related. Well guess what. We are. At one time our common ancestor gene pool was just circa 8,000 individuals or less.
@@danielfairlyjr.456 He’s talking about when exactly inflation stopped (when it stopped *in our universe if pocket universes) , or is tapering off to nothing and immeasurable and balances the energy of gravity. It does not balance the energy of gravity. assuming inflation theory is correct and it happened. But they now know it’s still happening and is measurable (and a very small constant but a LOT of total energy given the size of the universe. In other words, we know the cosmological constant.
@Lord Methane When you get at this level, there is a LOT of theory and a small amount of data. I would not use the word "trust', it is theory, not fact. It is a fact the earth rotates around the sun for example. But we don't even REALLY know the universe is exapanding and the rate, it has so little data that when we discover new data it can lead to different theories. I think the 'dark energy' theory is NOT something 'all' agree exists.
That's weird that a gram of matter has roughly 10^23 atoms by Avogadro's number, and this provisional theory suggests that the universe is 10^23 times bigger than the observable universe. Talk about a universe in a gram of sand.
A gram of matter doesn't have 10^23 atoms. A gram of matter "creates" that. And it's not really "matter" that does it. It's quantum fluctuations and it's not even close to a gram, weightless more like. And it's not really that number that is created either, it's about 5.2 x 10^79 number of atoms.
The visible universe is 13.7 billion light years in diameter. If a drop of water was 1 km in diameter, the drops of water in all the earth's oceans laid end to end would span that distance.
Can someone explain on his best what is ENERGY? It's so freaking confusing ... And I think that this definition ,,Energy is ability to do work" is so stupid and confusing and SO INSUFFICIENT in order to explain it.
Let’s see here.. The observable universe is ≈100 billion stars per galaxy x ≈100 billion galaxies, AND THEN x ≈10^23 as an educated guess as to the size of the much larger “unobservable” universe. Wow! Oh, and then possibly an infinite number of all that as multiverses? Mind blown! 😆
this man makes my brain go into overdrive. even if the observable universe is an event horizon beyond which an unimaginable omniverse exists, humankind has achieved something meaningful: we know the universe exists, and given the unlikelihood we will ever encounter an alien sentient life form, this is vanishingly exceptional if not unique. even the observable (or unobservable) universe doesn't know it exists.
IMO the universe created us so that it can observe itself We could be the only iteration of life that exists that is able to discover, measure and document our findings I mean, it took 2 massive mass extinctions for humans to end up as the dominant creature LIVE LONG AND PROSPER
What gets me is there is most likely another one of me out there having the life i always wanted and has just bought himself a new galaxy. I guess i should thank the universe for giving me those probabilities.
To say that there are an infinite number of pocket universes, while not being incorrect, doesn't really give an expletive to what the theory really predicts; if accurate, which I think it is, eternal inflation predicts that an infinite number of pocket universes are being created for every increment of time in which reality exists.
I'm curious about what does the first microsecond of the universe can be or even if it can be a thing at all since before there was an earth that revolve around a sun and us to develop the concept of a second that is tied to the speed of the earth/sun system, there would be no way to determine the duration of a second. You can say then, what about an atomic clock? Well, then again, this can track time accurately at our scale on earth, but what is the frequency of an atom from which we could measure the duration of a second before such atom was ever created or ever existed at all? What was a second before there was time to define it?
Read up on the current definition of a second, based on atomic clocks. All physical processes have particular time rates. Also consider the speed of light: to say it has a speed means you have a concept of time measurement.
There was time then, time is needed for what they have observed, and they have made a claim as to how much time passed. Obviously time was a thing before stars and planets formed. Otherwise there would be no "before stars and planets formed." The duration of a second or a microsend was the same then as it is now, those words do not change meanings. Apologies if I'm making your question out to be way more stupid than it is.
My penis spans 20trillion light years beyond the observable universe and through inflation of the universe I’m happy to report its expanding I’m girth and length faster than the speed of light.
hruiz6633 The average ‘down to earth’ egoic mind is typically caught up with triviality. Most don’t give the universe its dues because a) they don’t understand, b) they don’t have time for it, c) they’re a little bit thick... present company excepted.
It's sad that most of the comments are similar to the words of the global warming deniers or flat-earthers, and sad that these people don't know even how rare it is to come across to an estimation for the size of the entire universe and not just for the observable universe. This is pure gold information and no one is able to appreciate it. I guess it's about the viewer demographics of this channel. If this video was on PBS Space Time, it would be their greatest hit. Despite all the ignorant and arrogant comments, I know there are people who knows the value of these information and the number of those people will only increase!
Total Awe...and so wonderful. So inflation started sometime and somewhere before our humble pocket universe appeared. We and an infinite number of others are just admiring spectators. Thanks Alan, for bringing this to us.
Why couldn’t the beginning be a black hole that at certain point reaches maximum size and density and boom. The expansion may be coming out of the black hole or something similar, not a tiny tiny point.
The only way any of these vast distances and volumes can be explained is if we all live in a simulation and reality is just a stream of data. Only then you can "build" any universe of any size and theorize about it.
I watched the video and at ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-Fto2HTtnz6g.html starting about 8:20 Hon. Mr Guth says that the universe has a zero or near zero value because gravity has a negative contribution on energy in the universe ? Gravity is an attractive force and so isn't the magnetic force an attractive force as well and I believe dark matter..is allegedly an attractive force..holding galaxies together ...they are all attractive forces - From Wikipedia on the Fall of Parity 1956 From experiments such as the Wu experiment and the Goldhaber experiment, it was determined that massless neutrinos must be left-handed, while massless antineutrinos must be right-handed. Since it is currently known that neutrinos have a small mass, it has been proposed that right-handed neutrinos and left-handed antineutrinos could exist. These neutrinos would not couple with the weak Lagrangian and would interact only gravitationally, possibly forming a portion of the dark matter in the universe. ..so apparently these attractive force particles aren't negative but neutral .and citing Wikipedia again in the Weak interaction article it says: " Unlike parity violation, CP violation occurs in only a small number of instances, but remains widely held as an answer to the difference between the amount of matter and antimatter in the universe; "
Can someone explain how ~1g of matter can inflate? unless energy/space is coming from somewhere else? Is it correct or incorrect to say that energy/space in the "multi-universe" is fixed/finite; and only regions can inflate/deflate- but no net change for the whole multiverse?
Brian Green can. Actually, any number of books go over inflation. Basically (and from memory) you need only start with a very tiny patch with an enormous energy density. Once that inflates to universe size, the decay of the field causing the inflation will fill the new space with energy (that creates hot dense matter). The hypothesis is that the energy released is the same as the gravitational potential energy, meaning the net energy is zero. No, it is not correct. Nobody postulated an unchanging volume. Rather, new space is being created.
It depends on the definition of "human". Obviously, they will not be homo sapiens, but the beings and entities that are going to colonize the universe will still have their ultimate origin on planet Earth and represent our civilization.
I understand the inflation keeps going. I dont understand where the new matter comes from. If these so called pocket universe's continue being created for infinity, does the matter in all of these extra universes come from separate big bangs? Or was it it created in the initial universe? No one explaining eternal inflation explains this. Was infinite matter created in the initial big bang?
Exactly. Where does it stop? At a wall, a barrier of some kind of substance? Then does that substance go on for ever or does it end. Then what's after that? More empty space? Words like vast, big etc. are useless when defining space.
The real mystery lies in the very existence of that initial gram (matter source); the rest is just inflationary, or otherwise, detail. Without a plausible scientific explanation for that primordial gram of matter we face the risk of running into the age-old conundrum of ex nihilo nihil fit leading to the faith-based creatio ex nihilo.
Imagine if the physical viewable content of the universe was merely twice as large... that is an incredibly inconceivable amount within itself. :::ERROR 404:::
Me too. Trouble was it was usually after copious amounts of alcohol or some other mind altering substance had been imbibed and or ingested so I never sounded quite as smart as this guy. But I was quite impressed by my brilliance at the time let me tell you! 👍
This interview is captivating, though a bit outdated. Alan Guth explains his calculation of the size of the universe ... a guess based on twice the minimum (100 doublings x 2) during inflation. In a more recent interview (How Did the Universe Begin), Guth states the size of the universe is likely exponentially smaller than he previously thought (10^3 rather than 10^23 larger than the observable universe). Also, a brief discussion of the multiverse, and his belief that there may be an infinite number of pocket universes. BTW, the interviewer (Robert Kuhn) incorrectly states the diameter of the observable universe is 40 billion light years. In fact, it is estimated to be 93 billion light years (with a radius of 46.5 billion light years).
I'll sum this up for ya: we don't really know. If that's true. Here's a guess. We don't know. We made up math. If math works... We don't know. 10 to the 23rd power. If that's true, we double it because, well, it's got to be at least that as a minimum, right? ( and, by-the-way, expanding into what?) Mindbowing stuff. Jeez.
14 billion light years is a long distance. The smallest increment the average person can embrace is a millimeter. If a light year was a millimeter, then the visible universe would be 26 light years to the inch. 26*12 (312) light years to the foot. 5280 * 312 = 1,647,360 light years to a mile. And 14 billion light years, scaled down to 1 light year per millimeter, would be 8,498 miles (14b/1647360). That's about a thousand miles more than flying from London to Hawaii. And how many solar systems like our can fit end-to-end inside a light year? About 800. The visible universe is big.
How vast is the cosmos ? It has no measurable size. Simple reason. Even if it's vast beyond anyone's imagination, that would still mean that it didn't exist somewhere beyond its boundary, which cannot make any sense for where it is presumed that it does exist. It has always existed every and anywhere with no beginning and no possible end. The reason for that is that it is IMPOSSIBLE for it not to exist. And when I say "it" I'm referring to existence. NOTHING AT ALL is not at all possible and never has been
Update from 2023 Now we see 45 billion light years in all directions. So the diameter of the visible universe is 90 for now. It is high time big bang theory ought to be ditched.
Yes i can and do understand fully how big it is... What i cannot stand is others saying to people like me, you cannot imagine how big the universe is, it's too big for me to imagine... NO ITS NOT, I GET IT .... AND No there are not more stars in the universe than grains of sand on our little planet.. How do i answer this. 1. Have you any idea how many grains of sand there are in say one bucket.? .No ?? ok 2.Have you ever counted that amount out to see how many there are ? No ? ok 3. Do you have any idea how many grains of sand there is in a swimming pool, if it were filled with sand instead water ? No ummm ok. 4 How about the amount of sand say in just one desert.. By the way the desert is not just what's on top that you can see, but hundreds of metter below as well. Any idea how many grain are there ? No ..Ummm You don't seem to have many if any answers to my questions so far. 5. Do scientist know how many planets there are with moons and stars in OUR universe ? No they don't have that number sorry.. Well there you have it folks.. If you do not know, you therefore cannot say or make a statement on something to which you have no proof or evidence.. So go away and start fucking counting or shut the fuck up.
so at that scale: if we made the size of the observable universe 23.5 miles in diamter, then reality would be 40billion light years accross? LOL omg. I'm just trying to visualize a billion trillion times bigger than 40billion light years...... i have no words lol.
I'll write down a number that I think is more accurate than 10 to the 23rd power. The universe(s) or all of space is unlimited & infinite there is no end! Maybe it's possible that there are universe bubbles that are each roughly 10 to the 23rd power bigger than our universe (so a difference in terminology about the universe vs all of space/existence), but they are infinite in number. There is no end to space. As soon as you say "here is the point or limit where all of space itself ends", I would ask "ok, so what exists on the other side of that point of division?"
Somewhere along the infinite scaling up of 'pocket universes', groups of pocket universes, etc.. there must be a scale at which the pattern repeats. Quantum physics, constructed of bits with uncertainty and field characteristics. A multiverse acting like a wave function underneath a universe that's part of a much larger multiverse. it's not like there's a limited number of arrangements possible as long as we're considering an infinite production of universes. How big would a multiverse have to get before it becomes a singularity? Or, at least a rapidly inflating one?
After the Hubble deep space view, they now believe there are more like 100 Trillion galaxies in the observable universe. I bet though when the James Webb IR telescope gets operational, they will find even that number way off.
This channel has to be my all time favourite. I can learn and absorb so much knowledge here....I find my mind expanding all the time, although not exponentially...perhaps just a little inflated at times. 😊
Meanwhile I have heard him say in a later interview that the new estimates are far less dramatic and the unobservable universe is “only” maybe a 1000 times larger than what we can “see”... so I imagine you should take everything with a pinch of salt. I mean these people are incredibly smart but that thing they are trying to decipher is infinitely more incredible than their considerable smarts 🤷🏻♂️
As the old Hindu myth goes, so goes this theory - It’s turtles all the way down. It’s interesting that Guth says there may be an infinite number of pocket universes, when infinity is not a number. This theory, like string theory, has large elements of mysticism.
I think size becomes sort of pointless .. because reality is basically infinitely small too.. so saying “we are insignificant” just because we are relatively small, is kind of absurd and meaningless
And how tf do they surmise the universe is actually 100,000,000,000,000,000,000 100 billion trippin times budget than what we already see now?? Which now is already incomprehensively enormous. Just like how they knew earth and life was a fluke accident including the other planets in dollar system. Ya ok...
"100 billion galaxies in the observable universe" (though actually it was closer to 170 billion). And then they found out it was over 2 trillion. Amazing how much changed in 4 years.
What if we lived in a galaxy right next to the edge of our bubble Universe? Would it just be nothing beyond the edge? Would Spacetime still exist in between the bubbles?
The scientists and materialists will hate me for that - The cosmos is infinite, which is beyond human imagination. Within the infinite there is no expansion, there is no beginning and no end, time is relative, there is only constant change.
