I constantly find myself thinking I can never amount to even a fraction of what any of the 20th-century physicists. The way they're portrayed is like they were gods among men sharing their vast knowledge that they just kinda had in their heads naturally... and then there's me who keeps forgetting how to complete the square yet still thinks I can manage a Physics degree. Which brings me onto my point, I really liked how you described Einstein's thought process. I really enjoyed it and would love it if you delved more into that kinda thing, like what was actually going in all these great minds, how did the theories develop? Who inspired them? what ideas were they scaffolding off?? Ya know it makes them seem more relatable haha. Sorry for rambling, never really commented before but have been watching your videos for ages now, awesome work! Love what you're doing now!! Thank you :))
I thought this was going to be a boring video but actually I thought it was great! I really enjoyed this different approach that also includes mathematics. Please continue showing us equations :)
Well done! It’s refreshing to hear a physicist admit his limitations when it comes to a really complicated mathematical concept like Einstein’s field equations. I diverge, but according to biographies on Einstein even he elicited help with the math. It would be interesting if you posted a video covering rotating black holes even if it only scratched the surface. Would a rotating black hole’s math be analogous to “negative mass” and the subsequent distortion of space-time ? Fascinating science !
All back holes (BHs) in the universe rotate (have angular momentum). This does not make their mass negative; mass and energy of the rotating BH would be a normal mass and obey same laws of physics. Describing the spacetime geometry (ie gravitational field and it's effects) around such a BH's event horizon requires the solution to the Einstein field equations (EFE) given the BH's source of static and dynamical properties of energy and momentum (ie stress energy momentum tensor in the EFE).
1) The constant c is in special relativity constant in the "stationary" system (x), Einstein wrote. 2) Well - stationary is identical to rest, so c is constant in the rest system x. 3) Well - both rest and motion is relative (not absolute), so c is constant in the motion system x. 4) So - the constant c is constant in the rest or motion system x, and "stationary" 1) is rejected.
What most folk don't mention is that his wife was a bit bigger than him, hence he rolled into the gravitationaly distorted mattress. As he slept on the cusp of disaster the idea occurred to him that mass changes geometry.
I'm just curious if someone only did Maths, Further Maths and Physics for a level, would they be suitable subject choices for natural sciences at Cambridge. Also would a material science specialistion be open to them. My main concern is if "Maths,FM and Physics" is a suitable a level combo for NatSci at Cambridge?
Yes it would. The Cambridge course website has more information - www.undergraduate.study.cam.ac.uk/courses/natural-sciences And it's possible to take material science in your first year with those subjects.
Parth I want a bit more detail about development of his gravity theory. It's mind bending(hehe) to think that someone can think that mass and energy can bend spacetime!
Just to prove to you how much of a genius Einstein was: -He proved plancks energy term, founding quantum physics -He proved the existence of atoms using brownian motion -Through STR he proved that motion, time and length is relative. It also explains how electrical currents producd magnetic fields. -He derived E=mc^2 which enabled the atom bomb, particle physics and explained why the sun shines -His GTR proved newton false and predicted black holes, the expansion of the universe, the big bang, gravitational waves and wormholes That's pretty genius if you ask me
I must be the infinith (is there such a word?) suggesting that u r the younger version of Veritasium. Obviously both of u r inspiring and amazing. Keep up the great work :)
That wasn't his only inspiration. You also need to talk about the Michelson Morley experiment and inability to observe the Aether. Not to mention Lorentz's work.
@@morfisiuslizerro6400 Cranks come to physics videos like moths to a flame. When Michelson reluctantly took on the Sagnac affect, Lemon noted that he felt that, "The experiment, performed on the prairies west of Chicago, showed a displacement of 230/1000, in very close agreement with the prediction. The rotation of the Earth received another independent proof, the theory of relativity another verification. But neither fact had much significance." www.mathpages.com/rr/s2-07/2-07.htm
Einstein said that he had his ideas on relativity because of Maxwell's equations. He said multiple times that he didn't care about the Michelson Morley experiment because it was too obvious considering the Maxwell equations
@@yabannamba7678 it is more complicated than that... "In 1922, Einstein credited Michelson-Morley as "the first path that led me to what we call the principle of special relativity." But later he said he read the Michelson-Morley experiment only after his 1905 paper, and that he "just took it for granted that it was true"-the "it" being the invariant speed of light." www.google.com/amp/s/www.newsweek.com/what-newly-released-papers-reveal-about-einstein-81681%3famp=1
@@sammyfromsydney Thanks for the details, I didn't even suspect this could be a "thing" or a controversy. One sure thing is that I appreciate the fact that Parth presented a reason WHY the speed of light would be constant. The Michelson Morley is talked about everywhere, so a new perspective on the path leading to relativity is refreshing.
Great video! What Einsty did not predict that some day there will live a man that will speak faster than the speed of light, and it will also be constant and bright 👌
I actually find this idea very easy. Suppose you are travelling in a car at 100 mph. And you make a loud sound. That doesn’t mean that the speed of sound also will increase by 100 mph. Infact.. My opinion is the speed of the source doesn’t affect the speed of any kind of wave. That should be explanation the way you explained Einstein's idea. But not so easy Einstein's idea is... Suppose you are travelling at a speed of 400m/s. At a time you make a sound and you will never hear the sound. So in your point of view the speed of sound is 0. But in case of light that doesn’t happen.
Hi Parth! Awesome work! Doesn't speed of light vary depended to the medium? Thus doesn't it travel slower through water or glass? I think that's why Cherenkov radiation is faster than light in water but not in a vacuum. Therefore nothing runs faster than light IN A VACUUM. Please correct me if I m wrong.
Yes you r correct. Slight correction Cherenkov Radiation themselves are electromagnetic radiation (of which light is a part as well). And these radiation travel at speeds greater than that of light in that particular medium (this is similar to Sonic booms in sound). But yeah they can never achieve speeds greater than c ( which is speed of light in vaccum) which is the Postulate. So u r right.
And Cherenkov Radiation can be produced for any medium. The only condition u need to take care is that the charged body needs to travel at a speed greater than the speed of light in that medium. This will result in the production of Cherenkov Radiation in that medium
They are not just constant no. Remember Planck constant was thought to be just constant but my old friend Einstein used that in describing the photoelectric effect, although planck was shocked as he that is just a mathematical construct
"The synthesis that Stephen Hawking makes, for example, credits Lorentz and Poincaré with mathematical transformations and Einstein with physical interpretation. He believes that Poincaré deserves greater recognition for his work, but does not dispute Einstein's merit."
@@ParthGChannel yes it is going well, how are you? I haven't really been on with the videos in ages, just music really. Trying to get back in the groove, needed a break.
Hey, long ago, I used to dab some mouthwash on my face, and that kept the pimples under control. Other than that, I analyzed "motion". See my YT videos for the outcome. The videos show how I came up with relativity. It is a method which does not relate to Einstein's method. The videos also show how I derived the SR mathematical equations, a geometric method that no one else seems to have even thought of up to this date.
Well that's because the level of mathematical training and in Physics u need to do before getting into that takes the time of about reaching the level of PhD. Sure if y cover all the prerequisites before that u can start studying it. Teren Tao (one of the most influential mathematician of this century, and also a fields medalist) completed his PhD by 19. So it's up to you but basic standard for a general human requires PhD level to study that stuff.
could you make a video on why we do dot product, cross product n uses of curl, div, grad( in detail so that I understand it )? I tried but couldn't feel dot product ever! And also how the idea of dot product came?
Albert Einstein had just about finished his work on the theory of special relativity when he decided to take a break and go on vacation to Mexico. So he hopped on a plane and headed to Acapulco. Each day, late in the afternoon, sporting dark sunglasses, he walked in the white Mexican sand and breathed in the fresh Pacific sea air. On the last day, he paused during his stroll to sit down on a bench and watch the sunset. When the large orange ball was just disappearing, a last beam of light seemed to radiate toward him. The event brought him back to thinking about his physics work. "What symbol should I use for the speed of light?" he asked himself. The problem was that nearly every Greek letter had been taken for some other purpose. Just then, a beautiful Mexican woman passed by. Albert Einstein just had to say something to her. Almost out of desperation, he asked as he lowered his dark sunglasses, "Do you not zink zat zee speed of light is very fast?" The woman smiled at Einstein (which, by the way, made his heart sink) and replied, "Si."
None of them do that. They are the Maxwell's equations which describe all the behavior of Electrical and Magnetic fields in classical sense. Electrons, protons and atoms came much later and are governed by Quantum Mechanics.
Thing is that special relativity says that space time is relative and there is nothing faster than the speed of light, but Newton's mechanics says that gravity is instantaneous (faster than the speed of light) and that time and space are absolute. These two views of the universe contradicted themselves, so basically Einstein wanted to prove that Newton's view was wrong and that special relativity really was the correct way of viewing of the rules of the universe. He had one problem though : the laws of special relativity only apply to uniform motion reference frames when gravity is about accelerated reference frames, therefore, he had no way to connect relativity and gravity. That's when he had the idea of the "equivalence principle". It says that basically gravity does not change with the mass of the object it attracts, therefore the second law (F = ma) does not apply. If gravity is not a force, then there is no reason to think objects are accelerated, therefore these objects must be in uniform motion, therefore the laws of relativity have to apply to objects that are under the influence of gravity. Now, we can oppose to Einstein the simple fact that objects ARE in fact accelerated towards the ground as we can experience it in everyday life. But Einstein replies that objects are indeed accelerated, but not under the influence of a force. Since space and time are not absolute, they have a tendency to curve over time, and it is under the influence of that change of curvature over time that objects fall. It is the concrete effect in everyday life of the curvature of space time that we call Gravity.
Hi Parth, could you please give me some tips regarding how do I write an effective college application? I want to apply for a bachelor's degree in physics in Princeton University.
@@ParthGChannel I think Princeton and other universities have the similar requirements, as you mentioned above. You see, I am an avid reader of several authors like hawking, Carl Sagan etc. and I am currently doing spectroscopy of stars by collecting data and processing it. Are you talking about these kind of activities?
Lorentz equations pointing exactly to that idea also Poincare published his work much earlier than Einstein , so Einstein is not the first man who came up with that idea. But of course most complete work on special relativity was done by Einstein.
Yes that's why the fundamental rules are called Lorentz Transformations as opposed to Einstein's Transformation. But he did not steal from anybody. What he did was gave a better physical description than Poincare and Lorentz who did develop the same maths were still obsessed with absolute ether frames and absolute time and length and saw length contraction and time dialation only as effects of ether with their measurement where as Einstein proposed that that is the nature of reality itself and there is no need of theorizing Ether.
If the black hole is 1 trillion solar mass (and such black hole is already found) The surface gravity is only 1.5 g, and the overall density is thinner than Martian air. (There are calculators in internet for these things) In such situation, can we just use some jet pack, right inside the event horizon, and use 1.6 g force, to escape the black hole?
well, really, light travels quite differently than a thrown ball does.The "travel" of a thrown ball is, so to speak, given to it. The "travel" of light is something that,again so to speak, "baked in". The ball has energy imparted to it Light IS energy.
Then it depends on the position of the observer in the frame. Here's what happens theoretically. If u r in a frame (which has a uniform acc, let's say a in the +ve x direction) and a beam of light is coming towards u from behind Then u will see it at a speed less than c but as soon as it catches you at that very instant u will see it speed to be equal to c and once it crosses u u will see it's speed greater than c. But there's a twist. If the beam of light is at such a distance that your acc always keeps it from catching you then at some point u will see the lights speed to be zero. After that the light will never reach you and u r forever cutoff from that region of space-time. This is quite similar to what happens at the event horizon of the blackhole but there the same effect is played by gravity instead of acceleration. But that's one of the key things of GR that Acceleration is equivalent to acceleration (principal of equivalence). Now all of these requires detailed mathematical derivations to actually understand but I hope I gave u some information which u were seeking.
First of all u cannot yourself travel at speed equal to or greater than light if you have Mass but even if you hypothetically can then the equations show that still the speed of the flash light will be c.
Einstein didn't come up with it，Michaelson and Morley experiment found it to be constant, and despite Maxwell equations it puzzled physicists at the time and they thought light speed was constant relative to the medium ether. Boy, you are creatively telling a story that wasn't true. The fact that light speed was constant regardless of reference frame, actually forced the issue of abandoning simultaneously, which Einstein realized.
It's a law of nature it is not derived from any further fundamental concepts but description of nature are derived from it. What u can do is to test the hypothesis to your best ability and then bases on that either improve on it or completely reject it. As per our best understanding speed of light has been numerously been experimentally confirmed to be a constant. Other than that special relativity which is a result of light's speed being a universal constant explains all other phenomena in nature related to Electromagnetism, mechanics and others. So this solidifies the claim that speed of light is a universal constant. That is why Einstein mentioned it as a postulate in his paper. Hope this answered ur query.
Because of the statistical nature used in Quantum Mechanics. There u loose all the classical motions as trajectory of a particle, position of a particle, momentum of a particle. Then there come weird phenomena of Quantum superposition and Entanglement which break the rules of Causality and Locality which are core to relativity. Now in relativity u still study things in the classical fashion all that changes is that u have a better model of a 4D space-time instead of usual separated 3D space and a time attached with it. But overall u do analyse the system in classical fashion. Like when a d where will a body be. How will it effect or interact some other body. So that's why yet they are incompatible (atleast General Relativity, Special Relativity has been unified).
It does falls but does it in a cheeky way. It falls by revolving. By revolving it has a velocity which prevents its from directly falling over our heads and also how far the object is from the source also determines how fast it should be revolving in order to prevent it from falling. If it's slower than that the orbit starts shrinking if it's faster than that then the orbit starts expanding. Only if u bring the moon to a sudden halt will it start falling straight towards earth. Now Newton derived all of this by showing that the elipse is a stable orbit given his law of gravity which matched then known Kepler's laws.
Yes you can infact that's how all the fundamental particles came into existence in early universe. It's based on matter-antimatter annihilation. The Physics if this is discussed in Quantum Field theory but E = mc² keeps tracks how much mass u can produce by how much energetic your photon is.
