Fantastic how rapidly the history of prehistoric humans evolve with the help of genetics. Without that we would have zero chance to put all these pieces together. Just 5-10 years ago we had no clue about what now we can all learn from the genetic components of ancient and present populations. Such an interesting times!!!
Thank you and your team so much for doing this study. Your study lines up with an old Druid story I once found on ancient Irish history. The story goes: Ancient Ireland was once a warm place where people farmed but left due to cold and rain and went east. The story goes on to say they later returned. The story picks up with Goidal Glas invited to the Pharaoh's court... this part of the return of the Irish is well documented in their historical mythology. thank you.. go scythia!
Fantastic work - thank you! This helps to cut through all the confusing clutter of contradictory theories. Just mentioning for people searching on Google, that this presentation supports that the Endoeuropean Language enters Europe about 4500 years ago. And it suggests a North Eurasian origin - north of the Black Sea.
James Thomas North of the Black Sea was part of so called Pontic Caspian area which included North Caspian too. That area (North of Black Sea and Caspian Sea) for ages was populated by people who speak Turkic languages. Crimea Tatars, Pechenegs, Polovetses in Black Sea area, Bashkirs and Chuvashes in Ural, Nogays, Karachays in Caspian and Caucases, Kazakhs in Caspian area, etc. So the Turkic people might be the true ancestors of the Europeans. By the way, there are more than 130 similar words in English and Turkic languages alone, not speaking about other Germanic Languages. And Basque language is most probably from Turkic languages too because I found similar words and similar grammar. And do not hope that the genetics studies will give 100% correct answer because different nations have different approaches to marriage. Most nations of very different religions (Jews, Muslims, Hindi, Buddism etc) practice interbreeding (marrying close relatives (cousins etc)). We, Kazakhs, do not do that because we have so called Zhety Ata (Seven Grandfather, or seven generations) rule which prohibits marriage to close relatives. Seven generations of one ancestor are considered close relatives. So genetically we might be more diverse and modern day Kazakh might have less genes that Yamnay and other Kurgan people had.
Thre's no drama.....you cant form a cult with facts like this....nor scambeg money from fans....and mostly....no immenet destruction guilt, threat...lol.
hy9nos Nice to hear that the Basque people are very special! If to take into account that the Basque language might be related to my language which is Kazakh. Though the linguists so far are relactant to work into the link between the Basque and Kazakh language. But there are very close links between these two languages - believe me, I am Kazakh and recently I looked into the Basque language and found suprising similarities. That makes us, the Kazakhs, the very special people too. If take into account that parts of the Kazakhstan are located in Northern Caspian region which was part of so called Pontic Caspian region, we, Kazakhs, might be the ancestors to other Europeans too. There are more than 130 similar words in English and Kazakh. It is true! Truth in Kazakh is duris (дүрыс). From linguistics point of view, these are the same words.
This is quite an interesting lecture and very understandable. Genetics can be hard to understand especially when trying to decipher what some manufacturers of the home kits provide to you.
Extremely interesting! :) Many thanks for this very accessible docu/presentation. As a curious layperson I could get a long very well. Hopefully more in the future. :)
So by this hypothesis , the Basque people, are the closest thing genetically, to a modern day "Indo-European" ,they are by all means immigrants, descendents of ferocious, chariot-yeilding Steppe warriors. Yet, the Basque's own unique language is considered an isolate, entirely unrelated to Indo-European. So my question is, if the Basques introduced Indo-European to the Europeans? who introduced Basque to the Basques?
I wouldn't be surprised if it was disease that killed off the early European farmers when the indo Aryans arrived A lot of human diseases come from farm animals, and people who haven't been exposed to them before are at risk When Ponce De Leon explored southern America for the Spanish he took pigs and those pigs killed a lot of Indians through disease If the Corded Ware people took the first domestic horses onto Europe they could have brought biological agents the other peoples weren't immune against and killed without even meeting the first people Something drastic must have happened for almost all of Europe to be left speaking their languages
Great stuff. Looking forward to more contributions from the Max Planck Institute on these migration mappings. I'm especially curious about the Gimbutas/Renfrew ideas on PIE--Krause hinted that there may be more to come on this if his team's research can hook up with that of the historical linguists.
Yamnaya is actually the Cucuteni -Trypilian civilization that was living in today Transilvania and Moldova, at NW of Black Sea, having very distinct potery and well known pastoral life (sheep and catles, with milk and cheese as basic food), not quite really farmers, but having some grains in their diet. They are the ancestors of dacian/getae family, related to thracians. There are no samples on the plot map, but will be interesting to cover those places with DNA samples
Does Blood type correlate with the different human types that emerge? A “farmer type” was said to be characteristic of an A blood type, O is hunter-gatherers according to DAdamo.
Great confirmation of existing historical knowledge, with lots of new specifics. However, there's scant acknowledgement of how much we already knew through over a century of Proto-Indo-European linguistics research.
Quite frustrating in all these analysis - and I've watched many, is that when they ask where did the farmers come from and when did they mix with the hunter gatherers - they postulate the farmers coming in from south east of main europe - but then of course one asks - these farmers, how did they arise - did they have an incoming population that converted them from hunter gatherers ? They never ask this and never touch upon it. They leave it hanging in the wind, as if it is their blind spot. It is ALWAYS their blind spot, I assure you, after many hundreds of checks, they always leave that blank.
They don't know. And this lecture is 5 years old.... There's another video, in a class and the professor discusses migration and how they are still looking into where and how groups groups migrated and changed from one cultural lifestyle to another. That lecture is 2 years old. Even with genetics, we may not know certain answers in our lifetime. Thanks to archeology tossing things they found that "didn't fit that layer" in a stock room somewhere, answers may not come about until our grandchildren are our age.
There is no one obvious point where people switched from hunter gathering to just farming. A good channel to learn more about this stuff is called “through time and clades” they talk about the different waves and settlements. I’ll look for the link and edit it into this comment. Here it is if you are interested ru-vid.com/show-UCIQ0Kh8vlPeY3YsYW3hHmvg
Fantastic presentation that brings together many studies!! I'm going to BOOKMARK this presentation in my genetic folder for future research. Johannes is the type of guy you'd want for a friend or a son-in-law!
This seems to be a contemporary archaeology approach , but I think there are a lot of people out here including myself that would say you have excluded the advanced society that built the megaliths. Perhaps the group that comes in at 4500 years is a remnant of the advanced society. I think someone should look for humans living 30,000 years ago perhaps north of the Baltic. I would guess that most of the advanced society was lost during the deluge. It would also be useful to know where people didn't live during the last two ice ages.I enjoyed the presentation but I'm not young so I'm also a little impatient.
An amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. Gluten is a protein complex, not carbohydrate. Amylase will not help you digest gluten.
Imagine in 5000 years trying to explain why a new immigration from east came to be at Europe ^^... they are in for a big surprise ^^ By the way, at each migration he speaks about near 100% destruction of the previous inhabitants , like what happened to the Indians at North America ... Now that doesn't sound very promising for human instincts ...
It is a bit misleading to say we have huge numbers (millions) of ancestors, in reality if you could determine a true family tree of a person going back say 1000 years, you would find that many of that persons ancestors were cousins to various degrees. For example most people are not familiar with 3rd cousins.
Who are the ancient ancestors of the Circassian people that pulled their DNA so high and to the right on the map? What is the genetic history piece that is missing between them and the Yamnaya?
Its too bad that with such a great, fascinating subject that we don't get to see any of the slides; especially for those of us who are visual learners rather than auditory learners. At least at the beginning..
Is it possible that the obtaining vitamin D from butter/cheese in diet, as an adult ,has an advantage in cold climate areas.ie. more children survive.Just a thought.
I had a DNA analysis. Paternal testing and my grandfather came from Ireland. For indigenous people I resulted in Irish 129 markers, Navajo 33 markers and Danish 25 markers. Please explain that to me because nobody in my father's family was ever in America prior to 1920.
What company did your analysis? Also Navajo markers could well be ancient markers from those populations that went both east and west prior to the crossing into Siberia and the Americas - they just align with the present day Navajo population genetic pattern. Also some of these markers are not 100% unique to that population. They are usually very high percentages but not absolute. But with 33 it would seem statistically likely. See the 32 minute mark in the video tilted 'Linking Europeans and Native Americans.'
Farmer James , I understand that countries aren't races. I never said that. But listen to this: The Navajo and the Irish have ancient clan systems. Another interesting thing is that the Irish word for people and the Navajo word for people are the same. So possibly a trace back through time may suggest some interaction between the two groups. Remember that non African people have been found to carry a little Neanderthal DNA. I find this to be interesting. RB1 markers indicate an old strain in Northern Europe which I have. There is some RB1 markers in Asians also. So we are just learning about prehistoric human interaction over a long period of time. According to science we all are descended from early Africans who migrated to Europe and Asia. Even Cromagon man is still somewhat of a mystery like scientists insists they were modern man but more "robust". That leave a lot of questions open for debate.
Veridicus Maximus , Clearly an ancient relationship from my point of view. However two interesting things that appear in both Irish and Navajo according to my searching. Both are clan based societies and both use the same word for "people".
Some of the 11,000 year old hunter gathers in central Texas were blue eyed (horn shelter man), and not related to modern native Americans. I wonder how their DNA compares to European and Asian hunter gatherer's of the time.?
Blue eyed genetic mutation is between 6500 to 8000 years old -- do not believe any blue eyed people existed 3000 years before the mutation first occurred.
For anyone missing the rest of the comments, press on the "SORT BY", and select "Newest first". The default setting is "Top Comments", and usually it shows "the most relevant comments" according to the mighty Algorithm. I have no idea why it only shows recent ones here.
I wonder how these will change over time as they will discover older fossils. Just a week ago I read they found 6 million year old foot prints resembling early relative of human species feet on the Greek island of Crete which at that time was probably not an island. No bones discovered yet but they studied the foot prints and shows that hominids then were in Europe in south before what they now say and same time as in Africa. So if true, then Africa is not the only cradle of humanity.
eurosensazion always wonders where the Neanderthals came from? I've never really heard a proper explanation. Then there's the fact we could breed with them so they must have been very closely related.
Very thought provoking! I have a question about the math. How is it possible to be descended of 1.000.000 people in 600 years if there were less than 1.000.000 people alive in the 1400s. I am sure I am looking at this wrong, would love an explanation!!
Watched this about a week after the "Cheddar man" revelation and he definitely has all the features of a Western hunter gatherer. Darker skin, blue eyes, slowly morphing osteology.
I wish he would stop conflating herding cultures and planting cultures as simply "farmers". The two developments are quite independent and even today there are herding cultures who do not plant crops. Likewise, there are cultures who live entirely off of planted crops and herd no animals for food. Unless there is proof otherwise, we have to assume that migrating "farmers" are merely pastoralists, not general agriculturalists.
So did the indo-european languages come with the farmers or the steppepeople? If it came from the steppe people, what language did the farmers speak? and how come the IE languages spread into the east and india too? My own uninformed mind, would think maybe the both spoke an indo european language, which then mixed in europe. This talk is now 2 years old, is there any follow up made by linguists as well?
It would be interesting to hear an archaeologist/historian talk about the consequences of these migrations. Evidence of mass graves, organised violence and cannibalism turn up around this time.
Thank you for this fascinating lecture! I noticed Professor Krause briefly showed a pie chart of Y-DNA haplogroups in Western Europe. I am researching the origins of my German ancestors who are haplogroup E1b1b1 (test kit on FTDNA) and likely emigrated from the Pfalz or Alsace (no documented proof found yet). I'm curious, since the E haplogroup is not common in Germanic Europe, and is common in Africa, how did it arrived in Germanic Europe and which group mentioned in the lecture, it may have belonged to? Also, since I lived many years near Heidelberg/Mauer, I wonder if the Heidelberg Man was part of Professor Krause's study?
Is your specific clade [of E1b1] E-V13? If so, there are a number of migratory, historical, etc. scenarios that could plausibly account for its presence in a minority of contemporary Germans - as the V13 clade had migrated/settled into West Eurasian territories (e.g. Balkans, Eastern Alps, and Western frontiers of Eastern Europe), and been assimilated into the gene pools of at least several major proto-Indo European/Indo European ethnocultural populations by the early Iron Age. E-V13 has also been identified in Germanic ADNA samples dating as far back as Migration Era. Goths appear to be the amongst the earliest early Germanic populations to have assimilated this patrilineal marker; and they also seem to have carried the largest proportion of it (which aligns with much of the documented history of the Visigoths following their integration/settlement of Roman Pannonia, etc.)
@@thebrocialist8300 Thank you! I missed your reply -- sorry for the slow response. Yes, E-V13, but further down E-CTS9320 with a Big Y terminal SNP below that. This is all very interesting. I appreciate your input! Hopefully someday soon I will find the more modern origins of my Germanic ancestors! I wish Y-DNA testing was more common in Southwest Germany, but I understand the privacy concerns.
Farmers, Pastoral Peoples and Natives, three different peoples bringing genetic makeups that refer to long term successful survival methods of the middle east, of the steppes and of Forested Hunter Gatherer Europe.
The proto Indo Europeans had common words for wheel, harness & other words connected to carts, so they could not have diverged before the invention of the wheel about 3,500 BC, so it can't be that Anatolian farmers brought indo European languages, as 7,000 years ago is too old for them to have had wheels It's the wheel language which makes them more likely to be from the Pontic steppe
Why would you think Icelanders came from Denmark based on the language??? Sure, Danish is tough in schools in Iceland nowadays, (due to recent common history). But the language? Icelandic is decedent from Old East Norse. Danish from Old West Norse.
Good video. My paternal Dna is I2A1*.(I also show dna connection to the Yamnaya & Corded Ware culture) I still to this day look like the original hunter gatherers from Europe that u explained in this video. I am dark skinned with Brown Eyes with a Blue ring around my pupil. I am researching my genealogy & ancestry. I was quite confused about my paternal DNA but, your video made it make a lil more sense to me. If u have any more information about Haplogroup I2a or I-P37 please keep me alert. I would like to possibly get into the field of dna research and/or archaeology as both are pet peeves of mines........ do u suggest in particular institutions in the U.S. for me to take up my studies?
15:45 He says you have the actual map of Europe failing to even mention (kind of includes it in the slavic countries because he stops after Austria)one of the oldest(surely the most holy): Hungary.
I know as much as you. I noticed that later on, while showing the Yamnaya expansion, the ">8000" arrow was redirected to start from Ponto-Caspia. Maybe it was an earlier expansion of Yamnaya-related genes to Scandinavia? This would indeed be interesting to hear more about.
I think, after trying to research this, it was a migration of EHG (Eastern Hunter Gatherers) that moved in to Scandinavia from Northern Russia not long after the ice melted and mixed with WHG (Western Hunter Gatherers) coming from the south. Because of that the hunter gatherers of Scandinavia are called SHG (Scandinavian Hunter Gatherers) because they where a mix of these two groups very early. These EHG are direct descendants from the ANE and the Yamna are partly from the ANE so when the Corded Ware Culture came to the Nordic Countries (And the Baltic's) as the Battle Axe Culture ANE DNA was already there. Therefore it is not so clear what ANE DNA are from the Yamna or from this early EHG in Scandinavia; compared to "continental" Europe where there was no ANE DNA before the Corded Ware invasion; so all ANE DNA in for example Germany and Poland came from the Yamna. It probably means that the DNA footprint of the Yamna in the Nordic Countries, the Baltic's and Northern Russia is less than what precent models show; these areas already had the ANE DNA before the Yamna expansion.
What is sad is so much energy dedicated to theories yet not one Mainstream analysis of the hundreds of elongated skulls in museums across the globe. No, not head binding because the interior volume is 25% greater than modern man. Oh, let us not forget the fused human chromosome 2?
Now I can understand where parts of that feeling came from... but all really? You should know there is a bunch, albeit maybe small, of Caucasians that actually wishes for these things. And we're not all proud and happy to be "mutated parasites". But in a way, that could be said for every ethnic groups. It's not like if there were never any black totalitarian regime, or Asian war criminals, or even troublesome Native Americans using slave populations. So as a matter of fact, cleansing of mankind will be a much more difficult process than classifying genes or phenotypes. But you could always begin by taking the genes that lead you to such a limited view of the universe (often found in Caucasians also) and work on it so that it doesn't serve a purpose anymore in your life. Then in 7 years after this is done, you could use the fact that your body will have re-created his gene pool in accordance to reproduce. But beware to not do it before that time. If you do, you would transfer that same gene pack that has allowed for segregation and lack of critical thinking toward the direction of aggressive thoughts. The war to diminish the number of F******* pathetic people is sadly, maybe, a never ending one. As like that guy said, we still do use much of the neolithic genome in our make-up.
I2 ydna U8 mtdna i can find no matches to my dna in several data bases. apparently my hunter gatherers were not that social with the farmers. that behaviour is still prevalent in my line today. i have a few close relatives that look a little neanderthal :)
the propaganda that Europeans have No Diversity & require ''enrichment'' by incompatible unnatural forced migrations of populations from huge distances away is COMPLETELY FALSE. thankyou EVIL GEORGE SOROS the GERMAN CONTROLLED EU & BILDERBERG & the SHADOW GOVERNMENT TOTALITARIAN TYRANTS DICTATORS ALL
They always show the map of Pontic Steppe (Kurgan) hypothesis where the arrows go everywhere from Pontic Caspian area. If that was true, the modern day Iranians would be speaking a Turkic language not Parsi because it is impossible for people to come across areas populated with Turkic speaking people and develop your own language. I think, the Iranians separated from the main group of people moving from Middle East to Pontic Caspian. They never went to the North through Caucauses, they turned to the right and settled in South Caspian area where they currently located.
Turuk Hun no a conversation with me is quite possible, the problem is though you are wrong. Instead of feigning exasperation rather offer some facts to support your case
wadda ya know. So there is a Europeans already cramping about docs that were as of this recording about 2 weeks old? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_peoples#History
I'm no geneticist...what good would that do? Am I going to influence my collegues I don't have because I'm not a geneticist, or challenge the establishment paradigm in which I have zero influence because I'm not a geneticist? I get it you're trying to be facetious and/or clever...but you should work on a few things first...like improving your ability to comprehend, deductive reasoning and the semantics of logic. You'll find that when you understand whatever it is you're trying to be cute about, your little quips will actually make sense and thus be more effective.
William L. I understand what you're saying. It just doesn't make sense. Geneticists don't have some boogieman political agenda. They don't push narratives, just facts. You don't need to be a geneticist to influence them, because whether you're a geneticist or not has no impact on scientific realities
money does, though...unfortunately. i don't mean bribes or payoffs...but the insidious effect of money has on things like the pursuit of study grants, research funding, and many other areas in the scientific community. i'm not just pulling this out of thin air...it's a real problem. just follow the money trail and find out who's holding purse strings and what poltical agendas they might have.
my mtDna is H(einz 57) but the paternal y chromosome on my mother's side is N1c1a (M178 and P298 markers) idk what my fathers y was and is impossible to find out now with out digging someone up.
all humans are descendded from Adam and Eve and more recently from the three sons of Noah. After The Flood the people sttled in Babel until GOD caused the Earth to swallow the tower and disperse all the people because they could not speak each other's langauges.
Why do you always have people going in front of the camera??? It is so desturbing. And you have it in most of your videos. Look at this video at time nine minutes to 10 minutes.
Berber pharaohs, as well as the Greek Selene dynasty were mitochondrially Finnish U5B1 and H11. Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, Britain, Norway and Northern Russia were mitochondrially Finnish from origins. The Motala "hunter-gatherers" were Finnish mitochondrially (U5) and Y-chromosomically (I). They were megalith builders.
You don't get correct answers when the body of data is standing upon a thousand misconceptions, political correctness, stupid partisan and national theories, and intense stupidity toward "don't be racist". There are literally a thousand answers to the same questions.