Are Distant Galaxies Just Reflections Of Our Own? (And Other Questions) 

One of the theories on why everything seems to be accelerating outwards (besides black matter) is convex spacetime (or positively curved spacetime). So, just like you can imagine the sun deforming spacetime & making everything accelerate towards it, imagine the fabric of spacetime being convex, so everything accelerates outwards. That means we are on that "bubble" you mentioned, but we don't see through the bubble, we see ourselves a long time ago. If the bubble was small as a house, imagine looking anywhere & you would see your own back. But because its large, you see an old you, because it took light a long time to go all the way around it.

There's no way in the world I leave Texas if I were you.

Incogni is kind of a Scam, they also make many brokers "aware" of your data do you might just get an increase in spam messages.

I’m familiar with a few of the post quantum secure algorithms proposed by nist. Joe, this will be a really big deal. Q-day, is inevitable (the day when all encryption that’s not post quantum secure will be compromised). And I think it’s likely to not be obvious that it has happened right away. At least it would make sense to me that the first people to have the capability will want to keep that a secret for their own personal benefit as long as possible.

not JB is maybe NotJustBikes?

You can look at a graph of median wages and median rent prices over the last century and see that it's an actual problem. I'm getting real "avocado toast guy" vibes from the person who sent in that question.

And yet corporations and businesses, are having record profits. They're not even trying to hide the price gouging anymore, they own politicians at this point. Amazon, Elon Musk, Trader Joes etc., are aggressively attacking labor unions and laws.

When Government decided to lock down society and hand out free money, I could see that it was going to lead to society itself becoming poorer.... I know that 50% of folks in the US couldn't come up with $400 in an emergency and that this policy was going to cost everyone a hell of a lot more than $400 and that that would express itself in society no matter what the numbers in our bank accounts said.. This put me deep down the Economics rabbit hole. Studying what's going on while watching it unfold and watching society make all the bad decisions along the way was quite traumatic, 'red pilled', and it turned me into a libertarian.

It really feels like the pushed attitude of "People don't want to work anymore" is just propaganda to push the blame from the companies responsible for not hiring people onto the people trying to get hired. I'm unemployed, technically. I've applied to dozens of jobs. I don't get call backs. Unless you apply online, most of the time, you'll be outright passed over. It's not that people don't want to work, it's that companies don't want to hire you.

I have to laugh at the terms “skyrocketing prices” “high inflation”. I graduated from college in 1979 when inflation had been zooming upwards since the early 1970s and didn’t turn the corner until the mid-1980s, our first home loan in 1985 was 19 percent, gas prices almost tripled from the early 1970s at 35 cents a gallon to just under 1.00 a gallon in the early 80s, and to get a job at McDonalds for minimum wage, you had to know somebody and pray there was an opening. Unlike today, we didn’t have a pandemic that was the cause. I was still in high school when the economic gloom and doom started in 1971 and lasted until the late 80s so I am not too sure of what the initial cause of the inflation, sky high interest rates were. I suspect it was the oil crisis brought on by OPEC and Vietnam Nam winding down. It didn’t help that Nixon instituted a price and wage freeze that Carter later lifted. Additionally Ford or Nixon also started regulating oil prices which again Carter lifted. My guess is when Carter deregulated oil prices and did away with the price and wage freeze, prices went nuts and didn’t calm down for another 10 years.

I noticed this sort of question coming up in very recent astronomy videos about JWST, based on the latest findings.

I paused the video to come down and see if anyone mentioned this. And by the slight curve to space time, I think the idea is that if all of space time is slightly curved, it would look as though we were looking straight, but the actual sight line would curve around and return to where we are.... in all directions. At least I think that's the idea.

If I recall Brian Cox or one of the others correctly regarding this idea, it's that when you look far enough, you would be looking at ourselves (galaxy) from the back and in the distant past around the early universe.

9:19 I understand what you are saying, but I don't think even they understand what question there asking. They're "imagining" things. If you traveled at the speed of light, you would see a past image of the back of your head.

A nice analogy! Only Pacman has the topology of a 2-toric surface, not 2-sphere. The surface of the Earth has positive curvature, and if you stick a flagpole and walk _straight_ (along the great circle, if Earth were a perfect walkable 2-sphere), you'll walk back to the flagpole eventually: ‘Look, that's my flag that is 10 years old, and I remember seeing it brand-new’. A positively curved 3D space is somewhat like our sphere 2D space, only on Earth, we have a 3rd dimension, and a ray of light escapes the 2D world with a flag and you walking, not going around the Earth, so we know it's not flat. A true spherical space, be it 2D or 3D, has no more spatial dimensions, and light eventually hits the point it left earlier, _while going straight all the time._ We see images with light, so, standing at the flag, we'd see the image of the flag _as it was_ 10 years ago, if light would have taken 10 years to complete the full circle. And another, as it was 20 years ago, fainter and smaller and further away. And 30, 40, ... If our Universe were really like that and if the full circle light travel time, T years, were less than the age of Universe, yes, we'd see an image of Milky Way at the distance T light-years away as it was T years back. However, we believe the space is isotropic, i.e. has no preferred direction, all directions are equal. GR wouldn't otherwise work; we have tried to detect any tiniest anisotropy but found none so far. Milky Way shines light in all directions, and we'd see its younger image at the distance T _in all directions,_ one smeared shell of light at the distance T ly, _almost identical_ in all directions. Just an inside of an almost featureless balloon, with variations due to our Galaxy not being a uniform ball of light. We'd see more light from the directions looking at the disk than from those looking edge-on. And we'd see another shell, slightly offset, from the nearest Andromeda galaxy. And another, and ... yes, we'd see a true mess, images of all local galaxies smeared and combined. And images of more remote galaxies, too, but I cannot give the correct optics without at least back-of-envelope scribbling. We don't see anything remotely like that indeed. Every far remote, early galaxy we see is almost a point of light, a tiny patch just a few pixels on the mighty JWST light sensor. So the answer is no, early Universe's galaxies are not portraits of Milky Way as a young galaxy. :) Cody is correct, we don't know if the Universe is flat, spherical or hyperbolic. What we measure is that space is flat ± small measurement error bounds. Although we shrink the error bounds, we can't rule out a tiny non-flatness either way. And it's one of fine-tuning problems. In theory the Universe may have started with any spatial curvature, and of all possible values of Ω it somehow choose nearly exactly 1, maybe really exactly 1. This says something-about the theory, not the Universe, of course-but we don't have an unproblematic theory that would predict a flat Universe. Inflation is one hypothesis, but by far not without issues. * * * Ah, Pacman, I've nearly forgotten about her! A torus surface (that of a bagel) can be unrolled into a flat sheet without creasing or tearing. Take an unbaked, flexible bagel, cut it and straighten into a cylinder (this is how bagels are made in the first place!), and we already know a paper sheet can be rolled into a cylinder, so a cylinder can be unrolled into a flat sheet too. But a sphere cannot be flattened: if you take a deflated party balloon and meld the hole made for inflating it into a single point, thus completing the sphere, you won't be able to flex it into a flat surface however you try to stretch it without creasing or tearing. With the hole, you can, by stretching the hole, assuming its latex material can be stretched however much you need and won't tear; without the hole, no way. However, a finite no-boundary _multi-room_ 2D game with the "look from above" perspective, like Pacman, can have a sphere topology. You need at least 4 rooms to cover a sphere, or 6, IIRC, if you also require that crossing a different screen edge always leads to a different room. Some 2D multi-room games aren't even simply-connected, but I've never seen an unoriented one, where you can enter same rooms and find them mirrored, as if looking from behind the screen, or in the from-below instead of from-above perspective-are there any?

Follett? Enjoy that Chicago trip?! I snagged a beautiful blonde while I was there who was training also. (If that’s the company you worked for. They have most college bookstores).

Right. Like looking at the light from the back of your head, from when you were a baby. How did Joe not understand that question? I think he somehow got the word “reflection” in his head and couldn’t get past that.

@@ksmoker27 I have been asking that question to every physicist I meet (not that many, to be honest) since the late nineties and no-one ever understood me, even in person. And, by the way, how could not light and radiation loop around the universe when the universe was still relatively small? It's obvious that, farther than a certain point, we will spot repeated images of the same galaxies and the farther we will look the greater the number of repetitions. Either you take that into account, or you give up Big Bang cosmology. It's not hard to see, but no physicist seems to take seriously their own theories. I think there's something they put in their heads that makes them useless. Joe is no physicists but he's been exposed to the same stuff. Moreover he's always been a little... you know... limited. We like him because of that.

the question was about light traveling tends to bend or deviate and even the slightest deviation over astronomical distances eventually should add up to 180° It's just a mathematical fact. Especially considering that the JWST is seeing galaxies that are too far evolved for their age (distance) it doesn't make sense.

You're right, but you're overdoing it. It might confuse him : )

the question was about light traveling tends to bend or deviate and even the slightest deviation over astronomical distances eventually should add up to 180° It's just a mathematical fact. Especially considering that the JWST is seeing galaxies that are too far evolved for their age (distance) it doesn't make sense.

This is just a geometric explanation of what I said bro

@@EdepolFox I'm sorry, I think you misunderstood what I meant. My statement has nothing to do with curved or flat space. Only the lensing effects of gravity and matter on light

​@@Sabry4TunnelVisionAh my bad, apparently I didn't see the 'read more' button my first time around lol. Saw the part about 180 degrees and thought you were talking about making a triangle to calculate the curvature of the universe. Still, I don't really get how that could be what the person was asking. The question I'm talking about was specifically asking about Joe's thoughts on the possibility that some of the JWST images of distant galaxies could actually be images of our galaxy due to positively curved spacetime. In a positively curved spacetime, light would curve 'around' the universe, so theoretically you'd be able to see a very very old (and redshifted) image of the milky way if the universe was small enough. My comment was simply pointing out that Joe seemed to misunderstand the question with the "looking through the balloon" analogy, as the balloon analogy is based around the idea that the skin of the balloon is spacetime so there is no inside of the balloon to 'look through'.

Yeah I think that's what they were asking or suggesting but the current best guess based on evidence is that our universe is flat as opposed to closed or open.

This concept is covered in an interesting way in Mr. Tompkins in paperback by George Gamow. This is a really good and quite fun read.

I'm no expert and just writing what I vaguely remember from the top of my head... But I believe toroidal space time might allow for us to see "around space" without conflicting with measurements of the space-time curvature. Might however be completely wrong on this one.

When I worked downtown (Little Rock) it was not unusual to Bill Clinton or Mike Huckabee jog by. My greeting was the same in both cases: "Morning, Governor".

Totally agree. No problem is ever as simple as it sounds, when it comes to widescale issues like these. It's always a series of compounding problems. I'm sure the stagnation of wages, the price gouging of education and the unwillingness of large corporations to hire new employees probably play roles in this as well.

Nah it's just greed caused by capitalism

Yes this price gouging is greed but it’s also an effort to help Tronald Dump and hurt Biden… Meat Packers and Farmers have said as much. Ironically we give Farmers and Meat Packing industry Billions in subsidies. So this is the equivalent of paying someone to kick you in the nuts. Many Farmers take these subsidies (tax payers dollars) THEN sell it overseas to the highest bidder! During covid farmers were tilling under crops because they got paid more in subsidies than to sell it. PS - wage gains are by far out pacing inflation. It’s been that way for over 4 months

Its happening in the UK to. The gap between rich and poor is getting huge and its the wealth flowing from the poor to the rich. The people with the money need to stop hoarding it all and start spending more and let it flow!!

@@GKRainwater It's happening across every first world nation rn. Corporate interests keep the politician's pockets fat with cash, so there'll never be a point where the rich stop getting richer unless everyone revolts (against a very technologically advanced military, against corporations that don't call any one country home, against CEOS who have nuclear bunkers built under their Mc Mansions...)

Yeah, the math doesn't work. Probably an early naive guess riffing on the Friedman-Lamatre equations.

the question was about light traveling tends to bend or deviate and even the slightest deviation over astronomical distances eventually should add up to 180° It's just a mathematical fact. Especially considering that the JWST is seeing galaxies that are too far evolved for their age (distance) it doesn't make sense.

I'm twice your age (as much as it pains me to say it) and I often wonder if the extreme/predatory capitalism we're enduring will potentially alienate entire younger generations. You're already seeing the inherent unfairness of it all and question if there's any point to working hard if you can't even make basic ends meet. Will that lead to questioning the entire economic system? This decade will be interesting as more younger people choose to be active in politics. (Please vote)

@@johnchedsey1306 I’m absolutely going to vote but the biggest problem right now is that both political parties have basically the same economic ideology whether they like to admit it or not. Neoliberalism has been a net negative for everyone who’s not a company exec or a shareholder and our leaders are upholding the system because it benefits them. We need widespread reform or else we will continue to get worse. With the approach of AI there’s a lot of fear that soon a lot of people will be unable to get a job. I can’t build a future for myself if there’s uncertainty or any guarantee that if I work hard I’ll be able to make a better life for myself

@@johnchedsey1306 People in the fringe have been questioning it since the dawn of time (mostly marxists) but only now is it bad enough that people might even consider change. It's bad enough over here in Ireland where I can't afford to buy/rent a place on my 2700 month salary, but I've heard way worse from people I know living in America

You're making just shy of 70K at 24??? Good for you, friend. I recently turned 38 and still am only making about 60K. At 24, I was making peanuts. I mean barely over minimum wage. Make sure you invest in retirement account(s). You have no idea how much you can make in investment by the time you're my age.

@@User31129 Not enough unfortunately. Inflation has been growing around 8% ish (I've heard numbers ranging from 7-10) per year while most investments will only give you around 5% if your lucky. 5% is still better than nothing but it's nowhere near keeping up with inflation. I'm afraid the answer may actually be a war, hopefully a short one with most of the military taking the side of the people but then people can't seem to agree on what the new rules should be. Of course I don't want a war (and I'm not sure I'd survive long in that kind of environment) but it may be inevitable. Personally I think we should re-implement a lot of the original laws/amendments like having politicians only able to make the average of the people they are meant to serve, having strict term limits, and not being able to accept bribes (I think technically this is the case but I also think it's pretty obvious politicians are absolutely taking bribes or at the very least giving an advantage to companies they are invested in). If you look at the way the country was set up early on and the logic around the Constitution and the first 10 Amendments (particularly Jefferson's letters) you'll find that a lot of the early laws were designed to prevent issues that are prevalent today and give people a way to fight back when (not if) the government became too corrupt. They knew that the average republic only lasted around 200 years before corruption and late stage capitalism caused a collapse (usually in the form of a revolutionary war).

Total costs to produce energy have been steadily, and quickly (as in record setting decreases in full term production of energy) falling in the domestic United States thanks to revolutionary advances in shale (fracking) technology. That's where the profits are coming from mostly

Yes, (part of) the profits are coming from the energy companies not passing those savings onto the end consumer, in fact as you can easily find out, they have steadily raised their prices for the end consumer. (This is also another source of the record profits) This is unconscionable given the necessity of power/energy in modern society. I have no issue with power/energy companies making profit, but they should be mandated to pass along the savings they themselves enjoy. It should be thus for all of life's necessities.

@@blindyeti7313 US taxpayers are also subsidizing the fossil fuel industry to the tune of about $20B per year. I think it's beyond time to stop the corporate welfare.

I've often noted that capitalism is by far the best system of government, but it absolutely relies on the proletariat bringing out the torches and pitchforks every once in a while to keep the bustards honest. The French farmers have the right idea.

Traveling there, we would arrive in the distant future. Looking there, we would see in the distant past.

Think the question is somewhat based on the movie paycheck. If you could see around curved space what would you see

@@craigmuranaka8016 Awww, you gave me a sad. They never get Phillip K. Dick right (the one exception: Minority Report). But I think the original poster is correct. I heard that one back in the '60s, and it had an old grey beard then.

He conpletely missed that one. Interesting. I would expect him to at least understand the premise since he talked about this stuff in videos. Having the right answer is for other people than us..

I’ve thought about this too. Space would have to be significantly curved in such a way that it bent on itself in several directions but also that we weren’t seeing any artifacts from that bend. I call implausible because we would have notice those bends

I recently learned that cowboy hats weren’t the style John Wayne wore but were Bowler hats and sombreros! Looked back at some old pictures and sure enough, no “cowboy hats”!

@@lc4468 ME TOO! lol, I was like, Back to the future lied!

Watch the video

You think that background is scary check out background radiation it's so much scarier just due to how massive it is and how long it's been used .

It's not as busy.

@@giselematthews7949 it is easier on the eyes

Thanks, but... I've had this background for nearly a year!

I'd say come to New England because we're really sheltered from all the crazy weather. But rent and housing prices are insane here in MA.. Avoid MA, Maine would probably be a better fit for a Texan. They're a good mix of conservative and liberal. Our version of global warming is an inch of snow instead of a few feet the past few years. My water comes from glacier formed lakes. My water from the tap is less than 100ppm, usually around 60ppm. If you know, you know! That's borderline reverse osmosis water. We get no major fires because its super humid here. No earth quakes. No tornadoes. We get hurricanes but it doesn't effect us like Florida below sea level built on marshlands. Its mountainous, lots of nature, legal weed lol etc. Don't even get me started on the history.

​​​@@superkoopatrooper4879 I'm in Kentucky and it's basically the same story. Global warming is just slightly less snow and longer rainy seasons that leaves the land kinda swampland-ish for a few months. It's only in the lower half of the state by the Tennessee boarder that tornados become a slight risk. Other then that our summers are mild and all 4 Seasons play out how they stereotypically should lol I don't think many states get to experience the seasons quite like we do

​@@superkoopatrooper4879...still waiting on the legal weed though 😂

@superkoopatrooper4879 Don’t forget the fire of ‘49. Rainy spring, summer drought, big wildfires through New Hampshire and Maine all the way to the coast at Goose Rocks. Bar Harbor burned. Never say never.

Get ready to have your expenses double, if no triple. The PNW is becoming excessively expensive, especially in Canada's Greater Vancouver & Vancouver Island

There's also the factor that people trying to cut out sugar, or on a diet, have much less choice when it comes to fizzy drinks. And it's a lower volume product, so realistically diet versions of drinks sell at lower margins. If anything, you'd expect the regular to be much cheaper than the diet!

adding taxes to commodities like food, even if you want to call stuff like sugar a 'luxury', always harms the consumer, and never the company, since they simply up the price to maintain profit, so all it does is make that product less accessible, or financially burden the people who want/need it. if they want people to stop consuming so much sugar, then educate them instead of punishing them.

@@Minty1337 I agree with your point, but careful with your words there. Making sugary products less available is the whole point of the tax. But yes, it does increase the cost, which arguably would cause some people to reconsider the product, but realistically the higher price must be greater than a healthier alternative. Otherwise, the unhealthy option is still cheaper. An alternative to the sugar tax on soft drinks, for example, is to legislate a limit on how much sugar per volume a drink can contain. And/or to limit the bottle/can size for drinks with a certain amount of sugar

​@@sivansharma5027 I don't think legislation is necessary or helpful, education is more important. all taxing or banning high sugar products does is incentivize people to just add the sugar themselves, people already do it with soda and it's insane, the only way to make them stop is to educate them, this applies to literally anything, not just sugar. the gas tax didn't stop people using gas cars did it? if anything, it just made them feel justified about it since they're paying for roads and infrastructure with that tax.

@337 I don't see how education would actually achieve the desired societal result. People have known fizzy drinks are unhealthy for decades. Sure, health advice changes, but that point has been consistent for a _long_ time. The issue is that eating and drinking is partially instinctual, it's not the rational part of our brains that drives out to seek out calorific and unhealthy food, it's the part that evolved for food-constrained wilderness over millions of years. Food scientists have designed junk food with a laser target on a whole bunch of neurological mechanisms that are now maladaptive. It's like gambling - the industry relies on a bug in our software. That's the main reason decades of diet advice being everywhere hasn't worked either. Governments have tried for years, and people just keep getting fatter. The only solutions are we manually intervene in the food industry through heavy handed regulation, making junk food so expensive or unappealing people just don't eat it, or half the population takes drugs to curb the instinctual urges which food companies are exploiting (that's basically what Ozempic does). Because I don't think the former is going to happen, the realistic solution is half the population going on drugs, even if it's drastic solution to a problem of our own making. The lightest intervention I've seen have some success in Latin America is forcing unhealthy foods to have unappealing packaging and warning labels. But by itself it's hardly slashed obesity rates.

Except measurements of the observable Universe have shown it to be flat at this scale, so this optical illusion can't happen.

@@sidsuspicious Is this a "flat" joke?

It's just a giant mobius strip lol

Like a 4th dimensional mobius. But an echo is a kinda decent analogy.. although completely inaccurate. An echo sounds like someone distant yelling back at you. The difference with the universe is the "echo" comes from a different angle, maybe even a different one each time it comes back around. (except.. not actually an echo since there's no bounce)

@@sidsuspicious And observable measurements on a small scale show the earth to be flat.. hence flat earthers lol. Jokes aside, we don't really have a way to measure the "flatness" of extreme distances. Or I'm unaware of them for outside of our local galaxy.

Cool worlds is another great

I do the same thing with episodes of Escape to the Country.

Also even though the federal min. wage has not moved, demands of the pandemic and in general have caused wages to go up. McDonald's employees make 13-15 dollars an hour (Not a bad thing, just a fact), so wages for all other "entry level" roles need to increase wages, which then get passed through to the consumer.

Post of the day! Totally agree!! I had my own business and yes the supply chain woes are so real

​@@tjwatts1207that too! Thank you. Very true

Most of the corporate board meetings reported record profits during and immediately after the pandemic. Not saying you're wrong about the geopolitical reasons or those related to climate change. Just that the public records don't line up with the belief that corporations were suffering as a result. They didn't. They exploited the situation to steal a whole lot of property from smaller businesses, farmers and homeowners.

And don't forget the interest rate rises, so servicing debts costs a lot more.

Agree with busting up the monopolies, even those in the grocery space (like Kroger)

Or maybe all the galaxies are on the surface of a universe-sized Klein bottle?

@@HobbesNJoe could be lol

the question was about light traveling tends to bend or deviate and even the slightest deviation over astronomical distances eventually should add up to 180° It's just a mathematical fact. Especially considering that the JWST is seeing galaxies that are too far evolved for their age (distance) it doesn't make sense.

These are two different projects. Forty years ago I saw some Woo TV show mentioning people trying to influence random number generators. Participants were told to make a graph stay above a line. The interesting thing was that there were two groups (I don't recall if it was ESP believers versus ESP skeptics, or women vs men) and when the first group tried to control it the graph would spend more time over the line. But when the second group tried to make it go up it instead spent more time below the line! I just watched Joe's video on the Global Consciousness Project, which was inspired by that previous project. I thought Joe said he interviewed the guy, but what I watched was just Joe reporting on it. Maybe Joe said exactly how it worked, and I missed it, but it seemed to show that ANY deviation was noteworthy. A lot of "heads" or a lot of "tails" was supposedly correlated to some bad thing happening. Joe did not give any reason. Were people somehow causing this? Was it an effect of the hardware or software that our simulation is running on? But there were interesting stories in the comments. And it did not seem as cringy as Joe remembered it.

@@EinsteinsHair Still, why wouldn't it be another layer of noise? And in case of RNG algorithms, it would mean that either it flips a random bits in memory or messes with the RNG algorithm, which is just another algorithm. In both cases, chaos would ensue since computers would stop working correctly. Or it would have to be inteligent to find bits that only are responsible for RNG. Imagine putting PC near strong enough radiation source- it would mess with RNG, but also with a lot more. And even if it messed with RNG, if we ignore errors, it would be random, and shouldn't create particular pattern, assuming that every bit is made random in the algorithm.

the question was about light traveling tends to bend or deviate and even the slightest deviation over astronomical distances eventually should add up to 180° It's just a mathematical fact. Especially considering that the JWST is seeing galaxies that are too far evolved for their age (distance) it doesn't make sense.

@@Sabry4TunnelVision That also would not (as far as current experiments show) allow us to ever see our own galaxy for several reasons. First, as near as we can tell, on large scales, space is homogeneous. Now there is some wiggle room here. There is a predicted limit to the size of structures that could possibly exist (on the scale of super clusters of galaxies), but there are also two voids in space that are larger than that theoretical limit. So there is some tweak that will need to happen, but it doesn't change the general principle that, as far as our current best theories are concerned, it does not look like light will bend on average over far enough scales. It will bend back and forth, but over long enough distances it will average to no bending. Next, to bend light into a circle, as opposed to a parabola where the two ends never meet, no matter how far out you go, you need a certain density of matter in the space. That density... is a black hole. I'm pretty confident we don't live in the photosphere of a black hole.

@@Sam_on_RU-vid you could be right but then again I feel it's a valid topic to question. There is no proof of either, right? Only assumptions. Only an if -> then reasoning. I've just always had that intuition about the topic. If the center of the galaxy is a super blackhole, then it's gravity reaches far enough to keep tugging on the light. Given enough time (ie distance) light too will fall back. A bit like the question, do we live in a blackhole? Could we know we are inside the blackhole? I understand the theory about the event horizon but that is for matter falling back in. But what about everything else in it's galactic orbit? That goes for the whole cluster of matter. So how about light? It might become a philosofical question more than anything else

@@Sabry4TunnelVision It is possible to be inside a black hole and not know it. Google "kugelblitz." I think this channel may have a video about that. But if we were in the photosphere, rather than the interior, then I think we'd probably know. The universe would not be so dark. Also, to the best of our measurement, the universe is flat. So even if there is, in fact, curvature (of the kind you mentioned, not the kind in my original comment), it would not be enough to create a closed path for light to travel within the age of the universe for the same reason as it would be true for the kind of curvature I mentioned. I'm not even 100% sure those are two different types of curvature. I didn't make it up to general relativity in physics. I capped out at Quantum II before dropping the major and I only know GR from popular science.

They are trying to use entanglement as a lock. I'd tell you more but QM hurts me widdle bwain.

@@markloveless1001 Oh yeah I know. My point was that there are less the 2000 in operation in the world, all owned by either universities, giga corporations (like Google) or high end research centers. And the people operating them have like 7 post-doctorate. I cant say its all of the quantum computers but I think it is, but one of the requirement is to cool it at a few milli-degrees KELVIN !!!!! People with that kind of means usually dont need your credit card or banking information to empty your bank account.

That transfer probably isn't going to happen. Grams is living longer and meds and elder care is expensive and inflation plays a huge part ...just to afford medical care Grams will take out a reverse mortgage and when she dies the bank gets everything.

You are just scratching the surface of value theory in Economics. Now that is a deeeeeep and meandering rabbit hole which even produced wars. Marx and comunist work theory of value - how much work you have to input to make a product and machines are just second hand work. But then marginal theory. The famous thought experiment: What is the value of diamond in the desert vs value of a cup of water. Aaaa the beauty that is econ thinking…

Nope, the value of things are only similar over time if wages increase to meet those price increases, which they are not. I had to explain this to one of those people who were lucky enough to be living during a time when the economy was in a place where he was able to save enough money to start his own business, mainly because there was a demand for it, retire early and pass his company on to his son. He had the stuck up opinion that he must be smarter than everyone else because if he could do it why can't you. They must just be lazy or stupid. So I asked him how much he got paid an hour, and it was $10. Then how much his company pays its employees now 40 years later and it was $20/hour. Then I said when you were making $10/hr a gallon of milk was $1.25 so you could get 8 gallons of milk for 1 hours work. Now it is $4/gallon and $20/hr gets you 5 gallons of milk. A loaf of bread was $.50 then, or 20 loaves per hour. Now it's $2.50 or 8 loaves per hour. Gas was $1/gallon so one hour to get 10 gallons and now $4/gallon so 1 hour gets 5 gallons. I asked if he owned or rented when he started his business and he rented a two bedroom apartment for $300/month, so he had to work 30 hours, less than 1 week, to cover rent. That same apartment today is $1500/month so at $20/hr that's 75 hours, or almost three weeks wages, to cover rent. For his employees to have the same opportunity that he did he would have to be paying them @ $50/hr. I don't know where you got your figures or if you are also one of those lucky people with a high paying job but either way your premise is wrong. The cost of living has greatly surpassed wage increases, and a large part of that cost of living is price increases for the very commodities you mention. That's not even counting factors in that conversation I had with the stuck up man such as he requires his workers to have their own mobile phones so the can instantly communicate with them when such a thing didn't exist when he started his business, so an expense he didn't have. Or that since the cost of living was so much lower when he was younger that his wife didn't have to work because his wages covered all their expenses plus leaving enough for him to save to start his own business while now both partners are working to barely scrape by with the expense of day care for their children that he didn't have to pay for. All of those things are what allowed him to start a business then retire early in a condo on the beach while his son took over running it but only has a nice house because he gave it to him. If his son didn't have all of those advantages he would be in the same boat as his employees, instead of out on a boat fishing while his workers are in the field humping it for his profit.

The "value" of anything solely depends on the demand for that thing. When the demand is high enough to justify expenditures of human time and energy to grow or extract the resources needed to create it, and the capital costs to produce it, then the good or service *will* be supplied. For instance, as a kid in Kentucky in the late '60s and early '70s, I knew a lot of people made money growing tobacco. By the '90s, when I went back for a visit, most of that money had evaporated. Why? After all, tobacco was still tobacco, and it still provided all the stimulus and stress-relief it always had. The answer, of course, is that tobacco-use dropped precipitously, starting in the late '80s, as people realized tobacco companies kept adding substances to increase addiction while concealing internal research that told them about the increased risk of cancer, heart disease and respiratory ailments amongst their customer base. The demand for tobacco dropped so far that the industry didn't need to buy as much from Kentucky farmers, and the commodity price utterly tanked. That's how everything goes. The only questions are, how high is the demand, as compared to the amount supplied, and do substitutes exist that work reasonably similarly? With fossil fuels, the demand has always been high, and with no good substitutes, the market price is driven by supply fluctuations and production costs. That makes the demand for fossil fuels "sticky" (as economists say), because even high prices don't reduce demand that much, to the detriment of everybody except those who produce, refine and sell petroleum products. Any substitute that can be produced at a *competitive price* would drive fossil fuel costs down in an unprecedented way, because no such substitute has ever before been available.

Don't it kill ya to see "Let's get rid of the government!" Exercise: Pull a bill from your wallet. Read the words thereon. That's some fine silk toilet paper you have there, son.

Yes, I was thinking the same.

Wow, I had to go way down in the comments to find any guesses. I'm thinking, Jack Black, Justin Bieber, who's not them? Meanwhile, the twentieth person gives Joe the same curved space explanation. Not needed.

Oh! One more thing - totally UNrelated…. But - another instance where something referencing YOU/Your Vids happened to me,… I was standing in line for 45 minutes, and my youngest kept asking to watch RU-vid…. The Mom in front of me turned around - commenting “oh, My kids LOVE RU-vid too”… we laughed a small polite little “heh”, in which she followed it up with a “Well… I love RU-vid too, so I can’t say anything really.” To which I responded “Oh, Me Too. You can learn ANYTHING on there - I call it ‘RU-vid University’”, (::cue Synchronized Polite Stranger Giggle and then Awkward Silence; a thing of my nightmares [lol I literally CANNOT STANDDDDD Awkward Silences out in public or on thr phone. Shudders! ] So I decided to speak up and dissipate the awkwardness that is “that moment after you and a stranger shared a giggle and you’re still facing each other but there’s literally NOTHING else to say” So I asked her “Which RU-vidrs are your Faves?” And she rattled off a couple of never heard of, and then totally said JOE SCOTT, lol I said WHOA DUDE NO WAY!! I watch his vids EVERY upload! I learn everything from Him! (We proceeded to mention your latest video at that time, of which subject I cannot recall now, but we both commented on and about whatever the latest vid was) Anyways…. It was a cool moment lol. We ended up talking about your Vid and whatnot ; up until she was Next in Line. Then we bid each other adeui (how do you spell that word ? In the phrase “Bid You ‘uh-dew’..yaknow?!) and we were on our ways. Cool Stranger Moment tho!

finally, the 1st one that understands it... I too have been thinking a lot about light bending under the influence of gravity. Even the slightest deviation will over astronomical distances add up to 180°, right...? It only seems logical to assume imo

I have noticed remote jobs being posted multiple times for each major city. I am sure those 40 jobs are actually just one remote job.

Indeed. Joe is one gutsy guy. But here in a decade or so, it will be quite pleasant, so there is that.

I live in Virginia and it all depends on where in the state you live. Northern VA is very different from the rest of the state. It is like NY….NYC is totally different from upstate. The tax generated and economics of northern VA really help elevate the rest of the state

@@lizhoward9754 Agree. My childhood was split between Northern VA and the Austin area. Outside of NoVA, the people and general pace of living is somewhat comparable to most parts of Texas. As you get further north into the DMV area, life and definitely the people become much more city-like. It's the people that I miss the most from my time in Texas. They're completely different here, and not in a good way. Outside of Virginia, Denver is reasonably close to the experience I grew up with in 90s Austin in terms of the people.

@@solobo Ah! So you what I am saying about Virginia. Make no mistake. Virginia is just another MS, AL, AR, etc without NoVA. Although some of the college towns like Charlottesville and City of Williamsburg (where I am located now after living in NYC and Arlington, VA) are very nice but as soon as you leave the town limits, you see the real Virginia.

Wait a minute I never thought about that. Now I have to look it up!

True 'dat. Great idea.

yeah this was more the thought behind the question. With positive curvature, a light beam would eventually come back to its starting location as it travels around the "curve" - regardless of the direction (and also ignoring it interacting with anything in the way).

so - technically - the JWST deep field images could just be light from the local group bending around that curve. Just wanted to chat about the concept, tbh. It was a bad question for a lightning round to be fair.

I can’t comment on the situation in the Netherlands since I’ve never been there. But a lot of goods in the global supply chain come from China, and China was locked down during the pandemic. New car production took a big hit, for example, due to shortages of microprocessors. I think shortages were real and not just the result of irrational consumer behavior.

@@stevenqirkleCars and microprocessors are not vital to survival like food is.

​@@joyl7842 Your original comment was "There were no shortages during the pandemic here" - you didn't qualify that you were only talking about things which are vital to survival. Anyway - this is all in the context of inflation and rising costs, and rising costs in one sector of the economy (housing, durable goods, energy, etc) have a tendency to affect other areas of the economy (such as food prices).